Displaying publications 201 - 220 of 690 in total

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  1. Fulltext The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement, intellectual property and medicines: Differential outcomes for developed and developing countries
    Gleeson D, Lexchin J, Lopert R, Kilic B
    Glob Soc Policy, 2018 Apr;18(1):7-27.
    PMID: 29706802 DOI: 10.1177/1468018117734153
    The final text of the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), agreed between the 12 negotiating countries in 2016, included a suite of intellectual property provisions intended to expand and extend pharmaceutical company exclusivities on medicines. It drew wide criticism for including such provisions in an agreement that involved developing countries (Vietnam, Peru, Malaysia, Mexico, Chile and Brunei Darussalam) because of the effect on delaying the introduction of low-cost generics. While developing nations negotiated transition periods for implementing some obligations, all parties would have eventually been expected to meet the same standards had the TPP come into force. While the TPP has stalled following US withdrawal, there are moves by some of the remaining countries to reinvigorate the agreement without the United States. The proponents may seek to retain as much as possible of the original text in the hope that the United States will re-join the accord in future. This article presents a comparative analysis of the impact the final 2016 TPP intellectual property chapter could be expected to have (if implemented in its current form) on the intellectual property laws and regulatory regimes for medicines in the TPP countries. Drawing on the published literature, it traces the likely impact on access to medicines. It focuses particularly on the differential impact on regulatory frameworks for developed and developing nations (in terms of whether or not legislative action would have been required to implement the agreement). The article also explores the political and economic dynamics that contributed to these differential outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  2. Fulltext Egress modeling in performance based fire engineering design–fire safety study at NIOSH Tower
    Hari Krishnan Tamil Selvan, Raemy Md Zein, Mohd Abd Muiz Che Abd Aziz, Noorul Azreen Azis
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(1):41-44.
    MyJurnal
    Evacuation profile systems in high rise building are important to determine the safety level during any fire
    emergency. In relation to this, the study was conducted with its objective to develop the evacuation profile for
    NIOSH Tower. Evacnet-4 software was used to develop models for building evacuations using the building network
    descriptions and the initial content of the occupant at the beginning of the evacuation. The results show that it
    requires 390 seconds to evacuate NIOSH tower, with the highest number of bottlenecks recorded for the Third Floor.
    Identification of bottleneck is important to determine the evacuation periods. The information gained from the model
    may be used for the emergency response planning and for support material. The model should be tested in real time
    to have its reliability verified.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  3. Fulltext A case report of Goltz syndrome: a newborn with digital anomalies and skin lesions
    Lee, Von Yen, Leow, Poy Lee
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016;22(101):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Goltz syndrome or Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (FDH) is an uncommon genetically inherited disorder characterized by distinctive skin abnormalities and a wide variety of multisystem defects which was first described by Goltz (an American dermatologist) in 1962. About 200- 300 cases have been reported worldwide. FDH can be inherited in an X-linked dominant manner with in-utero lethality in males. Majority of the cases are sporadic with new mutations arising in the embryo and not inherited from a parent. Approximately 10% of cases occur in males; postzygotic somatic mosaicism accounts for the findings in these affected males. FDH is caused by abnormalities or mutations at the PORCN gene in the X chromosome. We report a case of FDH with characteristic skin lesions as well as multiple digital anomalies - oligodactyly, syndactyly and ectrodactyly.(Copied from article)
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  4. Fulltext Selected recommendations from international guidelines on obstructive sleep apnoea
    Nurul Yaqeen Mohd Esa
    Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2017;2(2):19-25.
    MyJurnal
    Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly seen as a major health threat globally.
    However, it is still underdiagnosed mainly among Asian population partly due to lack of
    understanding on the pathophysiology, and limited access to the diagnostic and management
    aspect of the disease. Recurring complete and/or partial collapses of the upper airways define
    OSA. Based on the number of apnoeas and/or hypopnoeas per hour of sleep, OSA is
    categorized as mild, moderate and severe. Both the American Association of Sleep Medicine
    (AASM) and American College of Physicians (ACP) has published guidelines regarding the
    management of OSA in adults. Three recommendations have been suggested by the
    guidelines which can be used to tailor the management of OSA. The aim of this article is to
    select relevant recommendations from these guidelines in epidemiology, pathophysiology,
    diagnostic procedures and treatment for proper management of OSA, while considering
    specific patient populations, such as hypertensive, diabetic, obese and Asian patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  5. Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: Systematic Review of Observational Evidence
    Amirfaiz S, Shahril MR
    Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2019 Feb;17(1):1-21.
    PMID: 30272527 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0032
    Objective measurement of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has gained more attention among researchers in recent years. Although almost similar trends of results have been reported worldwide, they were not always statistically significant. This systematic review summarizes the evidence of observational studies reporting the associations between objectively measured PA, SB, and MetS in adults. Registration in PROSPERO was made (CRD42017078929). Literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for observational studies associating objectively measured PA and SB with MetS among adults. Secondary manual search was also conducted to find more related studies. A total of 44 studies were included in this systematic review. The quality score of studies obtained using National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool ranged between 4 and 11. For total PA, most studies showed negative association with MetS. Similar association with MetS was reported in most studies assessing moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (total, bouts, sporadic), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) (total, bouts), moderate-intensity PA (MPA) (total, bouts), and light-intensity PA (LIPA) bouts. However, more studies assessing LIPA total and LIPA sporadic found no significant association with MetS, with only a few studies reporting negative association. Meanwhile, all studies assessing step counts reported negative association with MetS. In contrast, MetS was positively associated in all studies investigating physical inactivity. MetS was also positively associated in most studies reporting sedentary (SED) time and bouts, while SED breaks showed no significant association with MetS. Further studies are required to ascertain the interaction and independent contribution of objectively measured PA and SB to the overall risk of MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  6. Search for a Light Charged Higgs Boson Decaying to a W Boson and a CP-Odd Higgs Boson in Final States with eμμ or μμμ in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2019 Sep 27;123(13):131802.
    PMID: 31697516 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.131802
    A search for a light charged Higgs boson (H^{+}) decaying to a W boson and a CP-odd Higgs boson (A) in final states with eμμ or μμμ is performed using data from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9  fb^{-1}. In this search, it is assumed that the H^{+} boson is produced in decays of top quarks, and the A boson decays to two oppositely charged muons. The presence of signals for H^{+} boson masses between 100 and 160 GeV and A boson masses between 15 and 75 GeV is investigated. No evidence for the production of the H^{+} boson is found. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are obtained on the combined branching fraction for the decay chain, t→bH^{+}→bW^{+}A→bW^{+}μ^{+}μ^{-}, of 1.9×10^{-6} to 8.6×10^{-6}, depending on the masses of the H^{+} and A bosons. These are the first limits for these decay modes of the H^{+} and A bosons.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  7. Fulltext Correction to: Effectiveness and sustainability of a structured group-based educational program (MEDIHEALTH) in improving medication adherence among Malay patients with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sarawak State of Malaysia: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
    Ting CY, Adruce SAZ, Hassali MA, Ting H, Lim CJ, Ting RS, et al.
    Trials, 2019 05 10;20(1):267.
    PMID: 31077233 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3348-x
    After publication of the original article [1], the authors have notified us that there are changes to the primary outcome of the study, instrument, subject's inclusion criteria, the funding and acknowledgements. These changes were made during the recruitment of participants and after approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), National Institutes of Health Malaysia, on 16th November 2018.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  8. Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: An International Perspective
    Lantos JD, Saleem S, Raza F, Syltern J, Khoo EJ, Iyengar A, et al.
    J Clin Ethics, 2019 3 22;30(1):35-45.
    PMID: 30896442
    In this article, we first review the development of clinical ethics in pediatrics in the United States. We report that, over the last 40 years, most children's hospitals have ethics committees but that those committees are rarely consulted. We speculate that the reasons for the paucity of ethics consults might be because ethical dilemmas are aired in other venues. The role of the ethics consultant, then, might be to shape the institutional climate and create safe spaces for the discussion of difficult and sometimes contentious issues. Finally, we report how pediatric clinical ethics has evolved differently in a number of other countries around the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  9. Fulltext Data for the subsurface characterization of Pahang River Basin with the application of Transient Electromagnetic geophysical surveys
    Arifin H, Kayode J, Arifin K, Zahir Z, Abdullah M, Azmi A
    Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105491.
    PMID: 32373680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105491
    The Transient Electro-Magnetic (TEM) geophysical technique was deployed to map and characterized the subsurface of Pahang River Basin along the East Coast Peninsula Malaysia. The data aimed at differentiating between the massive zones and the weak zones within the region, to also assess and differentiate the subsurface structures and comes up with recommendations for policy decision, formulation and plans on the flooding impact, surface water and groundwater managements, in addition to other environmental related issues ravaging the area. The data presented in this paper, showed the properties of the subsurface rocks underlain the region as beneficial to the Agriculturists; Climatologists; Engineers; Environmentalists; Geoscientists, Hydrologists and Policy formulation officers. The TEM data collection utilized a 100 m x 100 m single loop coil for both the Transmitter (Tx) loop and the Receiver (Rx) loop to produce a total surface area coverage of 10,000 m2 per survey line along a single profile. The total area covered in the data extended across an average area of 30 km x 40 km in parts of Maran, Temerloh and Jerantut districts, within the State of Pahang, East Coast, Peninsula Malaysia. The conductivity data recorded varied from -20 mS/m to about 440 mS/m at a maximum depth of about 375 m. On the other hand, the resistivity data recorded varied from 0 Oh-m to about 1000 Oh-m. The information derived from the data are intended for potential abstraction by the Malaysian Groundwater Management Board; the Department of Mineral and Geoscience; Department of Irrigation and Drainage; the Pahang State Water Board, and the Department of Agriculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  10. Collective psychological ownership and the rise of reactionary counter-movements defending the status quo
    Selvanathan HP, Lickel B, Jetten J
    Br J Soc Psychol, 2021 Apr;60(2):587-609.
    PMID: 32949026 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12418
    Social movements pushing for social change are often met with reactionary counter-movements that defend the status quo. The present research examined this interplay by focusing on the role of racial majority group members claiming collective psychological ownership. We examined collective ownership that stems from being native to the land and from being founders of the nation. Study 1 found that in Malaysia, the Malay majority group endorsed more native ownership than Chinese and Indian minorities, which in turn predicted greater threat in response to protests demanding electoral reforms and subsequently greater support for a reactionary pro-government movement. Situated in the United States, Study 2 found that the more that White Americans endorsed founder ownership beliefs, the more they reported negative attitudes towards the Black Lives Matter protests, which in turn predicted more support for White nationalistic counter-protests. This effect was stronger among White people compared to people of colour. Study 3 examined both founder and native ownership in Australia. Founder (but not native) ownership beliefs predicted more negative attitudes towards Invasion Day protests, which subsequently predicted more support for counter-protests defending Australia Day celebrations. Implications of culture-specific beliefs about collective ownership for social movement research are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  11. Perspective of students in the Global Citizenship in Dentistry as an international peer learning experience
    Yiu FSY, Yu OY, Wong AWY, Chu CH
    J Dent Educ, 2021 Nov;85(11):1721-1728.
    PMID: 34184258 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12733
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the achievement and perception of dental students in an international peer learning setting via the Global Citizenship in Dentistry (GCD) program.

    METHODS: In the GCD program, year-2 dental students from universities in Egypt, Hong Kong, Malaysia, UK, and the United States developed a portfolio of a restorative procedure in simulation laboratory and uploaded to an online platform (https://gcd.hku.hk/). Through the platform, the students left comments on each other's portfolios to share and discuss their knowledge and experiences on restorative dentistry. This study invited students from Hong Kong in 2018-2019 to complete an open-ended questionnaire to explore their experience on the GCD program. The feedback was compiled and analyzed.

    RESULTS: All 71 year-2 students completed the questionnaire. Their most dominant comments were positive feelings about learning different clinical principles and methods from universities abroad. The students also enjoyed the cultural exchange from the comfort of their own devices. Other recurrent comments included the improvement of the skills of communication and comments on the peers' work in a professional manner. The students were enthusiastic about being able to apply their critical thinking in evaluating their work. They shared their learning barriers, including the extra time needed for the program, some unenthusiastic responses from groupmates, and delayed replies from peers. They made suggestions to remove the barriers in the learning process of the GCD program.

    CONCLUSION: Students generally welcomed the GCD program and benefitted from the global academic exchange, development of critical thinking, enhancing professional communication skills, as well as opportunities of cultural exchange.

    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  12. Prediction of single salt rejection in PES/CMS based membranes
    Qadir D, Idris A, Nasir R, Abdul Mannan H, Sharif R, Mukhtar H
    Chemosphere, 2023 Jan;311(Pt 1):136987.
    PMID: 36306961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136987
    This study explains the modeling of synthesized membranes using the Donnan Steric Pore model (DSPM) based on the Extended Nernst Planck Equation (ENP). Conventionally, structural parameters required to predict the performance of the membranes were determined through tedious experimentation, which in this study are found using a new MATLAB technique. A MATLAB program is used to determine the unknown structural parameters such as effective charge density (Xd), effective pore radius (rp), and effective membrane thickness to porosity ratio (Δx/Ak) by using the single solute rejection and permeation data. It was found that the model predicted the rejection of studied membranes accurately, with the E5C1 membrane exceeding the others (E5, E5C5) for rejection of single and divalent salt's aqueous solutions. The rejection of 100 ppm aqueous solution of NaCl for E5C1 was around 60%, whereas, for an aqueous solution of 100 ppm, CaCl2 rejection reached up to 80% at 10 bar feed pressure. The trend of salt rejection for all three membranes was found to be in the following order: E5C1 > E5C5 > E5, confirming that their structural parameters-controlled ion transport in these membranes. The structural parameters, such as effective pore radius, effective membrane thickness to porosity ratio, and effective charge density for the best performing membrane, i.e., E5C1, were determined to be 0.5 nm, 16 μm, and -6.04 mol/m3,respectively. Finally, it can be asserted that this method can be used to predict the real performance of membranes by significantly reducing the number of experiments previously required for the predictive modeling of nanofiltration-type membranes.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  13. Fulltext Southeast Asia Strategic Multilateral Dialogue on Biosecurity
    Cicero A, Meyer D, Shearer MP, AbuBakar S, Bernard K, Carus WS, et al.
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2019 May;25(5).
    PMID: 31002062 DOI: 10.3201/eid2505.181659
    A strategic multilateral dialogue related to biosecurity risks in Southeast Asia, established in 2014, now includes participants from Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, and the United States. This dialogue is conducted at the nonministerial level, enabling participants to engage without the constraints of operating in their official capacities. Participants reflect on mechanisms to detect, mitigate, and respond to biosecurity risks and highlight biosecurity issues for national leadership. Participants have also identified factors to improve regional and global biosecurity, including improved engagement and collaboration across relevant ministries and agencies, sustainable funding for biosecurity programs, enhanced information sharing for communicable diseases, and increased engagement in international biosecurity forums.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  14. Case study of an Iranian-American neuropsychological assessment in the surgical setting: role of language and tests
    Ramezani A, Alvani SR, Lashai M, Rad H, Houshiarnejad A, Razani J, et al.
    Appl Neuropsychol Adult, 2019 12 27;29(1):53-58.
    PMID: 31880955 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1706517
    There is a growing need to conduct a neuropsychological assessment with bilingual Middle Eastern populations, particularly those who speak the Persian language (Farsi). Although validated neuropsychological and language tests have emerged in Iran, there remains a shortage of appropriate psychometric tests in the U.S. that have been validated for use with the Iranian-American population. This often leads to an assortment of using U.S. tests in English, U.S. tests translated into Farsi, and Iranian tests in Farsi, which can complicate the clinical assessment. To better understand common testing issues when working with bilingual Iranian-American patients, we review the first report of a 62-year-old, bilingual (English-Farsi) Iranian-American male with 18-years of education who was tested using U.S.-developed and Iranian-developed tests in both English and Farsi language. Pre-surgical, 6 months post-surgical, and 1.5 years of post-surgical assessment data are discussed. We highlight the strengths and limitations of naming tests, test used in the native country versus U.S. language tests, the importance of baseline testing, general bilingual Persian-English assessment considerations, and case-based learning points.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  15. Measurement of the B^{±} Meson Nuclear Modification Factor in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Asilar E, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2017 Oct 13;119(15):152301.
    PMID: 29077459 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.152301
    The differential production cross sections of B^{±} mesons are measured via the exclusive decay channels B^{±}→J/ψK^{±}→μ^{+}μ^{-}K^{±} as a function of transverse momentum in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV per nucleon pair with the CMS detector at the LHC. The pp(Pb-Pb) data set used for this analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 28.0  pb^{-1} (351  μb^{-1}). The measurement is performed in the B^{±} meson transverse momentum range of 7 to 50  GeV/c, in the rapidity interval |y|<2.4. In this kinematic range, a strong suppression of the production cross section by about a factor of 2 is observed in the Pb-Pb system in comparison to the expectation from pp reference data. These results are found to be roughly compatible with theoretical calculations incorporating beauty quark diffusion and energy loss in a quark-gluon plasma.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  16. Fulltext Just Say No to the TPP: A Democratic Setback for American and Asian Public Health Comment on "The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?"
    Muntaner C, Mahabir DF
    Int J Health Policy Manag, 2017 07 01;6(7):419-421.
    PMID: 28812839 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.145
    (TPP) policy and the severe threats to public health that it implies for 12 Pacific Rim populations from the Americas and Asia (Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, United States, and Vietnam). With careful and analytic precision the authors convincingly unearth many aspects of this piece of legislation that undermine the public health achievements of most countries involved in the TTP. Our comments complement their policy analysis with the aim of providing a positive heuristic tool to assist in the understanding of the TPP, and other upcoming treaties like the even more encompassing Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), and in so doing motivate the public health community to oppose the implementation of the relevant provisions of the agreements. The aims of this commentary on the study of Labonté et al are to show that an understanding of the health effects of the TPP is incomplete without a political analysis of policy formation, and that realist methods can be useful to uncover the mechanisms underlying TPP's political and policy processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  17. Search for Evidence of the Type-III Seesaw Mechanism in Multilepton Final States in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2017 Dec 01;119(22):221802.
    PMID: 29286783 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.221802
    A search for a signal consistent with the type-III seesaw mechanism in events with three or more electrons or muons is presented. The data sample consists of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9  fb^{-1}. Selection criteria based on the number of leptons and the invariant mass of oppositely charged lepton pairs are used to distinguish the signal from the standard model background. The observations are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. The results are used to place limits on the production of heavy fermions of the type-III seesaw model as a function of the branching ratio to each lepton flavor. In the scenario of equal branching fractions to each lepton flavor, heavy fermions with masses below 840 GeV are excluded. This is the most sensitive probe to date of the type-III seesaw mechanism.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  18. Observation of Electroweak Production of Same-Sign W Boson Pairs in the Two Jet and Two Same-Sign Lepton Final State in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2018 Feb 23;120(8):081801.
    PMID: 29542998 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.081801
    The first observation of electroweak production of same-sign W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions is reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9    fb^{-1} collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events are selected by requiring exactly two leptons (electrons or muons) of the same charge, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass. The observed significance of the signal is 5.5 standard deviations, where a significance of 5.7 standard deviations is expected based on the standard model. The ratio of measured event yields to that expected from the standard model at leading order is 0.90±0.22. A cross section measurement in a fiducial region is reported. Bounds are given on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of dimension-8 effective field theory operators and on the production of doubly charged Higgs bosons.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
  19. The Medication Risk of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Asians: The Major Drug Causality and Comparison With the US FDA Label
    Wang YH, Chen CB, Tassaneeyakul W, Saito Y, Aihara M, Choon SE, et al.
    Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2019 01;105(1):112-120.
    PMID: 29569740 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1071
    Specific ethnic genetic backgrounds are associated with the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) especially in Asians. However, there have been no large cohort, multiple-country epidemiological studies of medication risk related to SJS/TEN in Asian populations. Thus, we analyzed the registration databases from multiple Asian countries who were treated during 1998-2017. A total 1,028 SJS/TEN cases were identified with the algorithm of drug causality for epidermal necrolysis. Furthermore, those medications labeled by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as carrying a risk of SJS/TEN were also compared with the common causes of SJS/TEN in Asian countries. Oxcarbazepine, sulfasalazine, COX-II inhibitors, and strontium ranelate were identified as new potential causes. In addition to sulfa drugs and beta-lactam antibiotics, quinolones were also a common cause. Only one acetaminophen-induced SJS was identified, while several medications (e.g., oseltamivir, terbinafine, isotretinoin, and sorafenib) labeled as carrying a risk of SJS/TEN by the FDA were not found to have caused any of the cases in the Asian countries investigated in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States/epidemiology; United States Food and Drug Administration/standards*
  20. Fulltext The role of f0 shape and phrasal position in Papuan Malay and American English word identification
    Kaland C, Gordon MK
    Phonetica, 2022 Jun 27;79(3):219-245.
    PMID: 35981718 DOI: 10.1515/phon-2022-2022
    The prosodic structure of under-researched languages in the Trade Malay language family is poorly understood. Although boundary marking has been uncontroversially shown as the major prosodic function in these languages, studies on the use of pitch accents to highlight important words in a phrase remain inconclusive. In addition, most knowledge of pitch accents is based on well-researched languages such as the ones from the Western-Germanic language family. This paper reports two word identification experiments comparing Papuan Malay with the pitch accent language American English, in order to investigate the extent to which the demarcating and highlighting function of prosody can be disentangled. To this end, target words were presented to native listeners of both languages and differed with respect to their position in the phrase (medial or final) and the shape of their f0 movement (original or manipulated). Reaction times for the target word identifications revealed overall faster responses for original and final words compared to manipulated and medial ones. The results add to previous findings on the facilitating effect of pitch accents and further improve our prosodic knowledge of underresearched languages.
    Matched MeSH terms: United States
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