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  1. Hearing risk associated with the usage of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia
    Sulaiman AH, Seluakumaran K, Husain R
    Public Health, 2013 Aug;127(8):710-5.
    PMID: 23474376 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.007
    To investigate listening habits and hearing risks associated with the use of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  2. Fulltext The clinical features and outcomes of acute liver failure associated with dengue infection in adults: a case series
    Tan SS, Bujang MA
    Braz J Infect Dis, 2013 Mar-Apr;17(2):164-9.
    PMID: 23453417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.007
    OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical manifestations and outcome of acute liver failure (ALF) associated with dengue viral infection, a rare but severe complication.
    METHODS: One hundred and fifty five consecutive patients with ALF admitted to the national liver centre from 2001 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Eight cases due to dengue infection were identified and their clinical characteristics are described.
    RESULTS: All patients had severe dengue with one dengue shock syndrome. The median (minimum, maximum) age was 33.5 (17, 47) years with 50% female. The median (minimum, maximum) duration from the onset of fever to development of ALF was 7.5 (5, 13) days and the maximum hepatic encephalopathy (HE) grade were III in five patients and II in three patients. Three patients had systemic inflammatory responses (SIRS) on admission and were in grade III HE. The presence of SIRS on admission was associated with higher grade of HE and its development during the course of hospitalization was associated with worsening HE grade. The hepatitis was characterized by marked elevations in: alanine transaminase [median admission 1140.5 u/L (639, 4161); median peak 2487 u/L (998, 5181)], serum bilirubin [median admission 29 μmol/L (23, 291); median peak 127 μmol/L (72, 592)], and prothrombin time [median admission 16.8s (15.3, 26.2); median peak 22s (15.3, 40.7)]. The survival rate with standard medical therapy alone was 100%.
    CONCLUSIONS: Dengue associated ALF manifest about one week after the onset of fever with severe hepatitis and encephalopathy. In our experience, the outcome with standard medical therapy alone is excellent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  3. Fulltext An assessment of the effectiveness of tobacco control measures on behavior changes related to tobacco use among adolescents and young adults in a district in Sri Lanka
    De Silva WD, Sinha DN, Kahandawaliyanag A
    Indian J Cancer, 2012 Oct-Dec;49(4):438-42.
    PMID: 23442410 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.107753
    Sri Lanka became a signatory to the WHO Frame Work Convention on Tobacco Control in September 2003, and this was ratified in November 2003. With a view to reduce the use of tobacco in Sri Lanka, the National Authority on Tobacco and Alcohol Act (NATA) No. 27 of 2006 was implemented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  4. Articular cartilage regeneration with autologous peripheral blood stem cells versus hyaluronic acid: a randomized controlled trial
    Saw KY, Anz A, Jee CSY, Merican S, Ching-Soong Ng R, Roohi SA, et al.
    Arthroscopy, 2013 Apr;29(4):684-94.
    PMID: 23380230 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2012.12.008
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare histologic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of articular cartilage regeneration in patients with chondral lesions treated by arthroscopic subchondral drilling followed by postoperative intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) with and without peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC).
    METHODS: Fifty patients aged 18 to 50 years with International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade 3 and 4 lesions of the knee joint underwent arthroscopic subchondral drilling; 25 patients each were randomized to the control (HA) and the intervention (PBSC + HA) groups. Both groups received 5 weekly injections commencing 1 week after surgery. Three additional injections of either HA or PBSC + HA were given at weekly intervals 6 months after surgery. Subjective IKDC scores and MRI scans were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at serial visits. We performed second-look arthroscopy and biopsy at 18 months on 16 patients in each group. We graded biopsy specimens using 14 components of the International Cartilage Repair Society Visual Assessment Scale II (ICRS II) and a total score was obtained. MRI scans at 18 months were assessed with a morphologic scoring system.
    RESULTS: The total ICRS II histologic scores for the control group averaged 957 and they averaged 1,066 for the intervention group (P = .022). On evaluation of the MRI morphologic scores, the control group averaged 8.5 and the intervention group averaged 9.9 (P = .013). The mean 24-month IKDC scores for the control and intervention groups were 71.1 and 74.8, respectively (P = .844). One patient was lost to follow-up. There were no notable adverse events.
    CONCLUSIONS: After arthroscopic subchondral drilling into grade 3 and 4 chondral lesions, postoperative intra-articular injections of autologous PBSC in combination with HA resulted in an improvement of the quality of articular cartilage repair over the same treatment without PBSC, as shown by histologic and MRI evaluation.
    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, randomized controlled trial (RCT).
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  5. Fulltext A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia
    Rafizah AA, Aziah BD, Azwany YN, Imran MK, Rusli AM, Nazri SM, et al.
    Int J Infect Dis, 2013 Jun;17(6):e394-7.
    PMID: 23357246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.012
    To determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile inpatient cases in northeastern Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  6. Fulltext Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 1: prevalence and associated key factors
    Nasr NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Roslan MA, Bulgiba A
    Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:27.
    PMID: 23356952 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-27
    Despite the continuous efforts to improve the quality of life of Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities, these communities are still plagued with a wide range of health problems including parasitic infections. The first part of this study aimed at determining the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and identifying their associated factors among rural Orang Asli children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  7. Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among prospective medical students
    Yusoff MS, Abdul Rahim AF, Baba AA, Ismail SB, Mat Pa MN, Esa AR
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Apr;6(2):128-33.
    PMID: 23466109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.09.012
    Many studies have reported that the prevalence of psychological distress among medical students during medical training was high. However, there are very few studies exploring on the psychological health of prospective medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among the prospective medical students. A cross-sectional study was done on two cohorts of applicants to a public medical school. A total of 839 applicants were invited to participate in the study. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered to the applicants after they completed interviews. A total of 743 (92.2%) applicants took part in the study. The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe level of stress, anxiety and depression were 3.6%, 54.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Stress was significantly associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001) and race (p<0.001). Anxiety was associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001), race (p<0.001), mother education level (p=0.002) and CGPA group (p=0.034). Depression was associated with academic performance in class (p<0.001) and race (p=0.004). Prevalence of stress and depression among entering medical students was low; however prevalence of anxiety was high which could be due to worry about the interviews to enter medical course. The associated factors of psychological distress among prospective medical students were related to academic, non-academic, parent education and cultural backgrounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  8. Outcome of molar pregnancies in Malaysia: a tertiary centre experience
    Nirmala CK, Nor Azlin MI, Harry SR, Lim PS, Shafiee MN, Nur Azurah AG, et al.
    J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013 Feb;33(2):191-3.
    PMID: 23445147 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2012.741150
    Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a common problem among Asian ethnics. A total of 102 women with molar pregnancies between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010, were analysed. The aim of the study was to determine the outcome of all molar pregnancies in our institution. The local incidence of molar pregnancy was 2.6 per 1,000 deliveries. A total of 48 women (47.1%) had complete hydatidiform mole and another 54 (52.9%) had partial mole. The mean age of the women with molar pregnancies was 32.0 ± 7.9 years. The mean gestational age at initial diagnosis was 11 weeks ± 3 days. The majority (97 women, 95.1%) had symptoms of vaginal bleeding and 18 (17.6%) women had a uterus larger than dates. A total of 48 (47.1%) women had ultrasound scan findings of 'snow-storm' appearance. None of the women with uncomplicated molar pregnancy had evidence of relapse following one undetectable serum β-hCG level. Four out of the 102 women (3.9%) developed persistent trophoblastic disease before attaining one undetectable serum β-hCG level. All four women required single agent methotrexate and they remained in remission. The prognosis for uncomplicated molar pregnancy is good. Establishment of a National Trophoblastic Centre is recommended to maintain optimal outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  9. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus: pooled analysis of the literature reviews and report of six new cases
    Shaharir SS, Remli R, Marwan AA, Said MS, Kong NCT
    Lupus, 2013 Apr;22(5):492-6.
    PMID: 23435619 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313478303
    INTRODUCTION:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological disorder which is increasingly recognized to occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of SLE patients with PRES and the associated factors of the poor outcome among them.
    METHODS: We investigated SLE patients who developed PRES between 2005-2011 at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. A comprehensive literature search was done to find all published cases of PRES in SLE. Pooled analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with poor outcome.
    RESULTS: There were 103 cases of PRES in SLE published in the literature but only 87 cases were included in the analysis in view of incomplete individual data in the remaining cases. The majority of the cases were Asians (74.2%), female (95.4%) with mean age of 26.3 ± 8.8 years. PRES was highly associated with active disease (97.5%), hypertension (91.7%) and renal involvement (85.1%). We found that 79 patients had a full recovery (90.8%) with a mean onset of full clinical recovery in 5.6 ± 4.1 days. On univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis the predictors of poor outcome, defined as incomplete clinical recovery or death, were intracranial hemorrhage, odds ratio (OR) 14 (1.1-187.2), p=0.04 and brainstem involvement in PRES, OR 10.9 (1.3-90.6), p=0.003.
    CONCLUSION: Intracranial hemorrhage and brainstem involvement were the two important predictors of poor outcome of PRES. Larger prospective studies are needed to further delineate the risk of poor outcome among them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  10. Paraoxonase 1 status in keratoconus: a preliminary study of activity and polymorphism
    Poh R, Tan JA, Deva JP, Poo D, Yong Y, Arjunan S
    West Indian Med J, 2012 Sep;61(6):569-73.
    PMID: 23441349
    To determine the activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in keratoconus in a Malaysian population in comparison with non-keratoconic subjects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  11. Fulltext Emotional and behavioral problems among adolescent smokers and their help-seeking behavior
    Muthupalaniappen L, Omar J, Omar K, Iryani T, Hamid SN
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2012 Sep;43(5):1273-9.
    PMID: 23431837
    We carried out a cross sectional study to detect emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents who smoke and their help-seeking behavior. This study was conducted in Sarawak, East Malaysia, between July and September 2006. Emotional and behavioral problems were measured using the Youth Self-Report (YSR/11-18) questionnaire; help seeking behavior was assessed using a help-seeking questionnaire. Three hundred ninety-nine students participated in the study; the smoking prevalence was 32.8%. The mean scores for emotional and behavioral problems were higher among smokers than non-smokers in all domains (internalizing, p = 0.028; externalizing, p = 0.001; other behavior, p = 0.001). The majority of students who smoked (94.7%) did not seek help from a primary health care provider for their emotional or behavioral problems. Common barriers to help-seeking were: the perception their problems were trivial (60.3%) and the preference to solve problems on their own (45.8%). Our findings suggest adolescent smokers in Sarawak, East Malaysia were more likely to break rules, exhibit aggressive behavior and have somatic complaints than non-smoking adolescents. Adolescent smokers preferred to seek help for their problems from informal sources. Physicians treating adolescents should inquire about smoking habits, emotional and behavioral problems and offer counseling if required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  12. Knowledge, attitudes and practices on influenza a (H1N1) among Kelantanese schoolchildren
    Wan-Arfah N, Norsa'adah B, Naing NN, Zaliha I, Azriani AR, Nik-Rosmawati NH, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2012 Nov;43(6):1489-501.
    PMID: 23413714
    Assessment of schoolchildren's knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards influenza A (H1N1) is crucial as schools play a major role in spreading the infection. The aims of this study were to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on influenza A (H1N1) and the factors associated with practices of preventive behavior.A cross sectional study was conducted from July until December 2010. Two public secondary schools for two districts in Kelantan, Malaysia were randomly selected. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of five constructs: sociodemographic, risk factors of containing influenza A (H1N1) infection, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The questionnaire had been te,sted for its construct validity and reliability. General linear regression was applied in the data analysis. A sample of 436 secondary school students were recruited in this study involved Malay students aged 16 years old. The total knowledge, attitudes and practices scores for the overall respondents were 69.4, 82.2, and 73.8%, respectively. The significant influencing factors for the practices of preventive behavior were attended talk on H1N1 and attitudes score.This study suggested that health education is important for promoting the health of adolescents and contributing to the overall health of the public so that they will take precautions against the H1N1 infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  13. Beliefs and practices surrounding postpartum period among Myanmar women
    Sein KK
    Midwifery, 2013 Nov;29(11):1257-63.
    PMID: 23415368 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2012.11.012
    to examine the postpartum beliefs and practices among young women (15-24 years)
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  14. Schizophrenia relapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: do relatives' expressed emotion and personality traits matter?
    Roseliza-Murni A, Oei TP, Fatimah Y, Asmawati D
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55(1):188-98.
    PMID: 23374905 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.12.026
    Schizophrenia which is perhaps the most disabling and puzzling form of a mental disorder is often conceptualized as 'gila' (lunacy or madness) by the Malaysian society. The debilitating nature of the disorder and recurrent relapse of its psychotic episodes have often been misunderstood and lead to confusion among the family members, who play the role as primary caregivers. While expressed emotion (EE) has been widely studied in the Western world, it is not well understood in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  15. Primary hyperparathyroidism: a rare cause of genu valgus in adolescence
    Ratnasingam J, Tan AT, Vethakkan SR, Paramasivam SS, Ibrahim L, Lim LL, et al.
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2013 Mar;98(3):869-70.
    PMID: 23337722 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3839
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  16. Fulltext Prevalence of self-reported tuberculosis, knowledge about tuberculosis transmission and its determinants among adults in India: results from a nation-wide cross-sectional household survey
    Sreeramareddy CT, Harsha Kumar HN, Arokiasamy JT
    BMC Infect Dis, 2013;13:16.
    PMID: 23324535 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-16
    BACKGROUND: Knowledge about symptoms and transmission of tuberculosis determines health seeking behavior and helps in prevention of tuberculosis transmission in the community. Such data is useful for policy makers to formulate information, education and communication strategies for tuberculosis control.
    METHODS: A secondary data analysis of India demographic and health survey, 2005/6 was carried out. Questions about self-reported tuberculosis, transmission and curability of tuberculosis were analysed. Correct knowledge (without misconceptions) about tuberculosis transmission was used as a dependant variable and the explanatory variables tested were: demographic data, education, wealth quintiles, frequency of exposure to media and the curability of tuberculosis. Determinants of correct knowledge without misconceptions were tested by univariate and multivariate analyses using national weighting factor to adjust for complex sampling design.
    RESULTS: A total of 109,070 households (response rate of 93.5%) and 198,718 participants (response rate of 91.6%) completed the survey. The samples of men and women interviewed were 74,360 and 124,358 respectively. Prevalence rate of self-reported tuberculosis was 445 per 100,000 usual household residents and 4.60 per 1,000 participants. The number of respondents who had "heard of an illness called tuberculosis" was 177,423 (89.3%). Of these 47,487 (26.8%) participants did not know and 55.5% knew about the correct mode of tuberculosis transmission i.e. "Through the air when coughing or sneezing". The common misconceptions about transmission were "Through food" (32.4%), "Sharing utensils" (18.2%), and "Touching a person with tuberculosis" (12.3%). Only 52,617 (29.7%) participants had correct knowledge without misconceptions. Being male (aOR 1.17, 95% CIs 1.14, 1.21), being a Hindu (aOR 1.20, 95% CIs 1.14, 1.26) or Muslim (aOR 1.26, 95% CIs 1.18, 1.34), listening to radio (aOR 1.08, 95% CIs 1.04, 1.13) and "Tuberculosis can be cured" (aOR 1.47, 95% CIs 1.41, 1.53) were associated with correct knowledge without misconceptions.
    CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about tuberculosis transmission is very poor and misconceptions still exist. Among the traditional mass media, the frequency of listening to radio was associated with correct knowledge about tuberculosis transmission. Strategies to deliver information, education and communication campaigns could be improved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  17. Anthropometric data reduction using confirmatory factor analysis
    Ademola James, Rohani JM, Olusegun AG, Rani MR
    Work, 2014;47(2):173-81.
    PMID: 23324693 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-121530
    OBJECTIVE: The unavailability of anthropometric data especially in developing countries has remained a limiting factor towards the design of learning facilities with sufficient ergonomic consideration. Attempts to use anthropometric data from developed countries have led to provision of school facilities unfit for the users. The purpose of this paper is to use factor analysis to investigate the suitability of the collected anthropometric data as a database for school design in Nigerian tertiary institutions.
    PARTICIPANTS: Anthropometric data were collected from 288 male students in a Federal Polytechnic in North-West of Nigeria. Their age is between 18-25 years.
    METHODS: Nine vertical anthropometric dimensions related to heights were collected using the conventional traditional equipment. Exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize the variables into a model consisting of two factors. Thereafter, confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the fit of the data to the proposed model.
    RESULTS: A just identified model, made of two factors, each with three variables was developed. The variables within the model accounted for 81% of the total variation of the entire data. The model was found to demonstrate adequate validity and reliability. Various measuring indices were used to verify that the model fits the data properly. The final model reveals that stature height and eye height sitting were the most stable variables for designs that have to do with standing and sitting construct.
    CONCLUSION: The study has shown the application of factor analysis in anthropometric data analysis. The study highlighted the relevance of these statistical tools to investigate variability among anthropometric data involving diverse population, which has not been widely used for analyzing previous anthropometric data. The collected data is therefore suitable for use while designing for Nigerian students.
    KEYWORDS: Exploratory factor analysis; measurement model; school ergonomics
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  18. Prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated factors among secondary school teachers in Malaysia
    Al-Naggar RA, Jawad AA, Bobryshev YV
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(11):5539-43.
    PMID: 23317214
    OBJECTIVE: The smoking prevalence in Malaysia is high, especially among men and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors towards cigarette smoking among school teachers in Malaysia.

    METHODOLOGY: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted among 495 secondary school teachers. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 29 questions categorized into two sections: socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program 13.0. ANOVA; t-tests were used in univariate analysis; multiple linear regression was applied for multivariate analysis.

    RESULTS: The majority of the participants were female (81.6%), in the age group ranged between 30-39 years (44%), Malay (90.1%), married (89.7%), degree holders (85.1%), with monthly income ranged between 3000-3999 Ringgit Malaysia (33.5%), from urban areas (94.7%), their specialty is social studies (33.9%) and with no family history of cancer (83.6%). The prevalence of smoking among school teachers in Malaysia was found to be 7.8%. Regarding reasons to start smoking among school teachers: the major reason was found to be relaxation (33.3%), followed by stress-relief (28.2%). Univariate analysis showed that sex, educational status, monthly income and residency were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers (p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.031, p=0.010; respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that gender and marital status were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers (p<0.001, p=0.033; respectively).

    CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking among school teachers in Malaysia was found to be relatively low. Sex, marital status, educational status, monthly income and residency were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  19. A web-based survey of attitudes toward epilepsy in secondary and tertiary students in Malaysia, using the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale
    Lim KS, Hills MD, Choo WY, Wong MH, Wu C, Tan CT
    Epilepsy Behav, 2013 Feb;26(2):158-61.
    PMID: 23314303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.12.001
    Students' attitudes toward epilepsy have been studied in several countries, but none of the studies used a quantitative scale. We aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale in a homogenous population consisting of secondary and tertiary students in Malaysia and to quantify their attitudes toward epilepsy, using a web-based survey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
  20. Contributions of phonological awareness, phonological short-term memory, and rapid automated naming, toward decoding ability in students with mild intellectual disability
    Soltani A, Roslan S
    Res Dev Disabil, 2013 Mar;34(3):1090-9.
    PMID: 23314249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.12.005
    Reading decoding ability is a fundamental skill to acquire word-specific orthographic information necessary for skilled reading. Decoding ability and its underlying phonological processing skills have been heavily investigated typically among developing students. However, the issue has rarely been noticed among students with intellectual disability who commonly suffer from reading decoding problems. This study is aimed at determining the contributions of phonological awareness, phonological short-term memory, and rapid automated naming, as three well known phonological processing skills, to decoding ability among 60 participants with mild intellectual disability of unspecified origin ranging from 15 to 23 years old. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that all three aspects of phonological processing are significantly correlated with decoding ability. Furthermore, a series of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that after controlling the effect of IQ, phonological awareness, and rapid automated naming are two distinct sources of decoding ability, but phonological short-term memory significantly contributes to decoding ability under the realm of phonological awareness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent
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