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  1. Fulltext Sweet's syndrome in Crohn's colitis
    Anwar S, Hishamuddin A, Khairul AJ, Shamsul AJ, Razlan H, Said MS
    BMJ Case Rep, 2009;2009.
    PMID: 21687021 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.01.2009.1438
    We would like to report a case involving a 38-year-old woman who presented with knee and ankle swellings 2 weeks prior to admission. There were also multiple painful oral ulcers and a few skin sores on the wrist. She also had associated diarrhoea for 2 weeks. There was also marked loss of weight (6 kg in 2 weeks). Colonoscopy examination showed macroscopic and histopathological findings of Crohn's disease; however, skin histology showed extensive neutrophilic infiltration in the dermis, predominantly in the perivascular region. Her final diagnosis was Sweet's syndrome with Crohn's disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crohn Disease
  2. Fulltext Identification and characterization of a new orthoreovirus from patients with acute respiratory infections
    Chua KB, Voon K, Crameri G, Tan HS, Rosli J, McEachern JA, et al.
    PLoS One, 2008;3(11):e3803.
    PMID: 19030226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003803
    First discovered in the early 1950s, reoviruses (respiratory enteric orphan viruses) were not associated with any known disease, and hence named orphan viruses. Recently, our group reported the isolation of the Melaka virus from a patient with acute respiratory disease and provided data suggesting that this new orthoreovirus is capable of human-to-human transmission and is probably of bat origin. Here we report yet another Melaka-like reovirus (named Kampar virus) isolated from the throat swab of a 54 year old male patient in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia who was suffering from high fever, acute respiratory disease and vomiting at the time of virus isolation. Serological studies indicated that Kampar virus was transmitted from the index case to at least one other individual and caused respiratory disease in the contact case. Sequence analysis of the four small class genome segments indicated that Kampar and Melaka viruses are closely related. This was confirmed by virus neutralization assay, showing an effective two-way cross neutralization, i.e., the serum against one virus was able to neutralize the other. Although the exact origin of Kampar virus is unknown, epidemiological tracing revealed that the house of the index case is surrounded by fruit trees frequently visited by fruit bats. There is a high probability that Kampar virus originated from bats and was transmitted to humans via bat droppings or contaminated fruits. The discovery of Kampar virus highlights the increasing trend of emergence of bat zoonotic viruses and the need to expand our understanding of bats as a source of many unknown viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  3. Fulltext Rubella outbreak amongst residential students in a military vocational school of Malaysia
    Yusof AB, Selvanesan S, Norizah I, Zuridah H, Kumarasamy V, Mariam M, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):296-301.
    PMID: 17240579 MyJurnal
    An outbreak of rubella occurred amongst 303 newly recruited residential Form IV students in a military vocational training school in Malaysia. Of the 303 Form IV students, 77 gave a history of acute illness. Rubella specific IgM was detected in the sera of 46.5% (141/303) whereas rubella specific IgG was detected in 100% of all Form IV students. Sixty five students with no clinical history of acute illness during the outbreak period had detectable rubella IgM in their sera and rubella specific IgM was detected in the sera of all symptomatic students except one. Maculopapular rash was the commonest presenting clinical feature among students with acute rubella infection in this outbreak (97.4%) followed by fever (88.2%). The duration of rash ranged from one to nine days with a mean of 4.6 days. Of the 65 students that had both fever and rash, 56 (85.2%) students had maculopapular skin eruption on the same day as the date of onset of fever, six (9.2%) developed the rash a day after the onset of fever and three (4.6%) had the rash after two days of fever. The duration of fever ranged from one to eight days with a mean of 3.5 days. The duration of conjunctivitis ranged from one to four days with a mean of 2.3 days, and all those who developed conjunctivitis had mild eye-discharge without photophobia. The duration of arthralgia ranged from one to three days with a mean of 2.1 days. The commonest type of joints affected was knee joints (66.7%, 12/18), followed by elbow and shoulder joints (27.8%, 5/18) and wrist joints (5.6%, 1/18). A good clinical history of the temporal relationship between the occurrence of rash and fever during the outbreak could easily differentiate rubella illness from that of measles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  4. Fulltext An epidemiological cluster pattern of dengue outbreak amongst close contacts in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia
    Ang KT, Ruhaini I, Chua KB
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):292-5.
    PMID: 17240578 MyJurnal
    Dengue fever is major public health problem especially among the highly urbanized states of Malaysia, such as, Selangor and Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory. We report an epidemiological cluster pattern of dengue outbreak in the district of Gombak, Selangor that may mimic other acute febrile illnesses in which the transmission mode is via close contact. This dengue outbreak consisted of two waves; an initial cluster of three cases (including the first deceased, JI) which occurred between 20th and 21st of July, followed by a later larger cluster of 11 cases that occurred between 1st and 8th of August 2005. This epidemiological clustering pattern of acute dengue virus infection among close contacts suggests an intense rate of dengue virus transmission within the vicinity of the first deceased's house.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  5. Fulltext Low dose unilateral spinal anaesthesia for lower limb amputation in critically ill patients
    Chuah KH, Thong CL, Krshnan H, Chan L
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):81-2.
    PMID: 17682582 MyJurnal
    Patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of lower limb infection and gangrene. In Malaysia, they frequently present late and are often in septic shock with multi-organ dysfunction. We report on two patients who presented for lower limb amputation in a desperate attempt to control sepsis and save their lives. Both patients were classified as ASA 5. Both patients had successfully undergone surgery under low dose unilateral spinal anaesthesia. The anaesthetic management of these critically ill patients in view of limited resources is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  6. Demographic and clinical characteristics of chronic prostatitis: prospective comparison of the University of Sciences Malaysia Cohort with the United States National Institutes of Health Cohort
    Lee SW, Cheah PY, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Schaeffer AJ, Propert K, et al.
    J Urol, 2007 Jan;177(1):153-7; discussion 158.
    PMID: 17162027
    PURPOSE: We compared demographic and clinical characteristics of the University of Sciences Malaysia Chronic Prostatitis Cohort to the United States National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants met the same definition of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Each participant had extensive demographic, medical history, previous treatment, clinical and laboratory evaluations.
    RESULTS: The University of Sciences Malaysia and National Institutes of Health cohorts proved similar in most respects. National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index total scores, pain and urinary subscores were similar for the 332 University of Sciences Malaysia Chronic Prostatitis Cohort and 488 National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort participants. Differences included worse quality of life subscore for the University of Sciences Malaysia Chronic Prostatitis Cohort, differences in the location, number of sites, and types of pain/discomfort between the 2 populations, and that the University of Sciences Malaysia participants had received less previous treatment.
    CONCLUSIONS: The demographic characteristics and clinical presentation of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome proved remarkably similar in these diverse populations. Both cohorts experienced major reduction in their quality of life from chronic pelvic pain and urinary symptoms. Comparison of diverse populations using standard clinical, laboratory and assessment instruments is feasible, and may provide important insights into chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and the factors that determine clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  7. Efficacy of VP2 protein expressed in E. coli for protection against highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus
    Omar AR, Kim CL, Bejo MH, Ideris A
    J Vet Sci, 2006 Sep;7(3):241-7.
    PMID: 16871018
    The ability of a heat-inactivated whole virus from a highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus (hvIBDV) and VP2 protein from hvIBDV expressed in E. coli provided protection against a hvIBDV challenge in specificpathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Six out of seven chickens that were injected three times with crude VP2 protein developed significant antibody titer against IBDV. However, only four out of the seven chickens survived the hvIBDV challenge. Despite showing low antibody titer profiles, all chickens immunized with the heat-inactivated whole virus also survived the challenged with hvIBDV. However, all of these chickens had bursal atrophy and mild to moderate depletion of lymphocytes. Thus, antibodies raised against IBDV VP2 protein expressed in E. coli and denatured IBDV proteins induced some degree of protection against mortality but not against bursal damage following challenge with hvIBDV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infectious bursal disease virus/genetics; Infectious bursal disease virus/immunology*; Infectious bursal disease virus/pathogenicity
  8. Fulltext Chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer
    Wong Ch, Goh K
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2006 Jul;2(3):e7.
    PMID: 21614253 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.2.3.e7
    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most well recognised human carcinogens. Since its discovery about 40 years ago, HBV has been studied extensively. This article summarises the evidence derived from various studies including epidemiological, animal model, histopathology studies and molecular genetics studies leading to the establishment of HBV as the main aetiological agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The reduction in the incidence of childhood HCC due to mass hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan is a dramatic demonstration of the critical aetiological role of hepatitis B in HCC. Thus it is essential for interventionalists to understand the epidemiological and pathogenesis of HCC to ensure optimal patient care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal
  9. Fulltext Successful pregnancy in untreated limited Wegener's granulomatosis
    Sahni V, Agarwal SK, Singh NP, Sikdar S, Yadav A, Wadhwa A, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):492-4.
    PMID: 16570714
    A thirty four year old female presented with upper and lower respiratory symptoms in the third trimester of pregnancy. After the delivery of a healthy baby, the symptoms progressed to involve multiple organ systems and eventually a diagnosis of limited Wegener's Granulomatosis (Carrington-Liebow syndrome) was made. The extremely rare combination of WG and pregnancy, especially the onset of disease in late pregnancy is discussed. The successful outcome of pregnancy even without treatment of WG is the highlight of the case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Progression
  10. Fulltext Accelerated diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy--a real and present danger
    Bastion MLC, Barkeh HJ, Muhaya M
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Oct;60(4):502-4.
    PMID: 16570717
    A 36 year-old Malay lady with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and poorly controlled hypertension developed rapid progression of diabetic retinopathy from no retinopathy to florid proliferative retinopathy over three months in her right eye. She had subsequent loss of vision due to vitreous haemorrhage in the peri-partum period. She had good final visual acuity with quiescent retinopathy following pars planar vitrectomy. A similar course was avoided in the left eye by timely pan retinal photocoagulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Progression
  11. Expression of retinoblastoma protein and P16 proteins in classic Hodgkin lymphoma: relationship with expression of p53 and presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the regulation of cell growth and death
    Kim LH, Peh SC, Poppema S
    Hum Pathol, 2006 Jan;37(1):92-100.
    PMID: 16360421
    Deregulation of several genes involved in cell cycle control has been reported in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). This study aimed to investigate the expression of tumor suppressor proteins (P16(INK4A), retinoblastoma protein, and p53) in cHL in relation to the proliferation and apoptosis of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells, correlating with the status of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A total of 66 cHL cases and 10 nonneoplastic reactive lymphoid tissues were retrieved from the archives. Immunohistochemistry technique was used for the detection of protein expression. Presence of EBV infection was detected by EBV early RNA in situ hybridization. p16(INK4A) gene deletion status was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Expression of P16(INK4A) was observed in 49.2% of the cases, whereas positive retinoblastoma protein and p53 expressions in the H/RS cells were detected in 89.1% and 81.5% of the cases, respectively. Epstein-Barr virus positivity was detected in 53.0% of the cases. Proliferation marker, Ki-67 expression, was observed in 86.7% of the cases. There was no significant correlation between the expression of the various tumor suppressor proteins and Ki-67. Retinoblastoma protein and p53 were also not associated with the presence of EBV. An inverse relationship was observed between the expression of P16(INK4A) and the presence of EBV. There were no significant homozygous or hemizygous deletions of the p16(INK4A) gene. However, an aberrant copy number of chromosome 9 with the loss of one or more p16(INK4A) loci was detected in all cases assessable by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Loss of function of one or more tumor suppressor proteins may be involved in defective cell regulation of H/RS cells. Epstein-Barr virus may have a role in inhibiting P16(INK4A) expression, thus resulting in a perturbed p16(INK4A)-Rb cell cycle checkpoint.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hodgkin Disease/metabolism*; Hodgkin Disease/pathology; Hodgkin Disease/virology
  12. Vessel density ratio: A novel approach to identify "culprit" coronary lesion by spiral computed tomography
    Chin BS, Ong TK, Seyfarth TM, Liew CK, Chan WL, Rapaee A, et al.
    J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2006 7 18;30(4):564-8.
    PMID: 16845284
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a "culprit" lesion in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) should have low overall vessel lumen and plaque density on multidetector computed tomography-assisted coronary angiography (MDCTA) because of lower calcification and the presence of occlusive thrombus. However, thrombi and calcification both can themselves blur the demarcation between vessel wall and lumen. If we calculated a "vessel density ratio" (VDR) obtained by measuring the mean density of contrast-enhancement within a region of interest (ROI), which includes the vessel wall, lumen, plaque, and thrombus, and comparing that with the aortic root mean density acting as a reference point, this ratio may be more convenient, standardized, and reproducible to test the feasibility of VDR in identifying "culprit" lesions in ACS.

    METHODS: Sixty-four patients-21 exertional angina; 17 unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI); 26 ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-provided 188 diseased segments on conventional angiography. All underwent MDCTA within a week of angiography. ROI was mapped out from maximum intensity projections of diseased segments in planar view.

    RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four segments were evaluated. Patients who presented with ACS (STEMI and unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) had lower mean VDR compared to patients with exertional angina (0.58 vs. 0.66 vs. 0.81; P < 0.001). Culprit lesions in ACS patients also had the lowest mean VDR when compared to nonculprit lesions and lesions in patients without ACS (0.51 vs. 0.68 vs. 0.81; P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: VDR is a new, convenient, and standardized approach in identifying "culprit" lesions by MDCTA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  13. Fulltext Methodology of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), Malaysia, 2011
    Omar A, Yusoff MF, Hiong TG, Aris T, Morton J, Pujari S
    Int J Public Health Res, 2013;3(2):297-305.
    PMID: 26451348 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Malaysia participated in the second phase of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 2011. GATS, a new component of the Global Tobacco Surveillance System, is a nationally representative household survey of adults 15 years old or above. The objectives of GATS Malaysia were to (i) systematically monitor tobacco use among adults and track key indicators of tobacco control and (ii) track the implementation of some of the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC)-recommended demand related policies.
    METHODS: GATS Malaysia 2011 was a nationwide cross-sectional survey using multistage stratified sampling to select 5112 nationally representative households. One individual aged 15 years or older was randomly chosen from each selected household and interviewed using handheld device. GATS Core Questionnaire with optional questions was pre-tested and uploaded into handheld devices after repeated quality control processes. Data collectors were trained through a centralized training. Manuals and picture book were prepared to aid in the training of data collectors and during data collection. Field-level data were aggregated on a daily basis and analysed twice a week. Quality controls were instituted to ensure collection of high quality data. Sample weighting and analysis were conducted with the assistance of researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
    RESULTS: GATS Malaysia received a total response rate of 85.3% from 5112 adults surveyed. Majority of the respondents were 25-44 years old and Malays.
    CONCLUSIONS: The robust methodology used in the GATS Malaysia provides national estimates for tobacco used classified by socio-demographic characteristics and reliable data on various dimensions of tobacco control.
    Study name: Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS-2011)
  14. Fulltext Familial pattern of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome in a Chinese family
    Hazmi M, Ab Aziz A, Asma A
    EXCLI J, 2013;12:118-21.
    PMID: 27034633
    Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome (LVAS) is the most common radiographic malformation in children with early onset of hearing loss. Usually its occurrence is non-familial, however intriguingly a portion of patients with LVAS is found to have evidence of genetic predisposition. We described cases of LVAS in two siblings of a Chinese family. The elder sister first presented with reduced hearing since childhood and her brother has a similar complaint upon further questioning. Their hearing test showed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and computed tomography (CT) of temporal bone showed enlarged vestibular aqueduct in both patients. We described an approach to diagnosis of LVAS and highlight the importance of hearing assessment in genetic link hearing loss.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  15. Activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 by SEW2871 improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease model rats
    Asle-Rousta M, Oryan S, Ahmadiani A, Rahnema M
    EXCLI J, 2013;12:449-61.
    PMID: 26417237
    Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is involved in a variety of cellular processes via activation of S1P receptors (S1PRs; S1PR1 to S1PR5) that are highly expressed in the brain. It has been shown that the level of S1P is reduced in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, there is no study designed to evaluate the expression of S1PRs in AD brains. The objectives of the present work are (1) to examine the expression of S1PR1-3 in the hippocampus of beta amyloid (Aβ) 1-42 injected rats and (2) to clarify the effects of chronic S1PR1 activation on S1PR1-3 levels, spatial memory deficit and hippocampal damage in AD rats. SEW2871, the S1PR1 selective agonist, repeatedly was injected intraperitoneally during a period of two weeks. Upon Western Blot data bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 decreased the expression of S1PR1 while increased S1PR2 level and did not affect that of S1PR3. We found that chronic administration of SEW2871 inhibited the reduction of S1PR1 expression and ameliorated spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze task in rats. In addition, SEW2871 attenuated the Aβ1-42-induced hippocampal neuronal loss according to Nissl staining findings. Data in the current study highlights the importance of S1PR1 signaling pathway deregulation in AD development and suggests that activation of S1PR1 may represent a potential approach for developing new therapeutics to manage memory deficit and apoptosis associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease
  16. Review of PBL 'problems' and examination questions
    Majumder AA
    Med Teach, 2005 Aug;27(5):474.
    PMID: 16231863
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
  17. Spectrum of malignant lymphomas in Klang Hospital, a public hospital in Malaysia
    Peh SC, Kim LH, Thanaletchimy N, Chai SP, Poppema S
    Malays J Pathol, 2000 Jun;22(1):13-20.
    PMID: 16329532
    Lymphoma is a relatively common group of neoplasms diagnosed in hospital practice. This study aims to elucidate the pattern of this disease encountered in a public service hospital of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hodgkin Disease/ethnology; Hodgkin Disease/pathology*; Hodgkin Disease/virology
  18. Fulltext Clinical predictors of a positive troponin T test in patients presenting with probable acute coronary syndromes
    Omar AR, Ping C, Tan HC, Lim YT
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):50-3.
    PMID: 16250280
    Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with positive troponin T (TnT) test are at higher risk for death and myocardial reinfarction. They would significantly benefit from early aggressive pharmacologic and invasive therapy. However, TnT test is not widely available. This retrospective study of 173 patients with ACS showed: that prolonged or repetitive episodes of angina at rest in the previous 24 hours (p = 0.01) and evidence of myocardial ischaemia on ECG (p < 0.001) were associated with positive TnT tests (> or = 0.1 ng/mL). The two variables in combination showed 100% positive predictive value, facilitating early identification and streamlining of therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease
  19. SARS: current overview, aetiology and epidemiology
    Cavaljuga S, Faulde M, Scharninghausen JJ
    Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2003 May;3(2):46-55.
    PMID: 16223373
    At this moment, public health authorities, physicians and scientists around the world are struggling to cope with a severe and rapidly spreading new disease in humans called severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) this appears to be the first severe and easily transmissible new disease to emerge in the 21st century. Though much about the disease remains poorly understood, including the details of the causative virus, we do know that it has features that allow it to spread rapidly along international air travel routes. As of 10 May 2003, a cumulative 7296 probable SARS cases with 526 deaths have been reported from 30 countries on three continents (WHO, ProMED). In the past week, more than 1000 new probable cases and 96 deaths were reported globally. This represents an increase of 119 new cases and 8 new deaths compared with 9 May 2003 (China (85), Taiwan (23), and Hong Kong (7) represented the overwhelming majority, with one additional case each reported from France, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States). Only in China, as of 10 May 2003 (WHO) total of 4884 with 235 deaths have been reported. Some outbreaks have reassuring features.
    Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
  20. Calcific pancreatitis: the Indian plague
    Rupa B, Rao GV, Nageshwar R
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:99-100.
    PMID: 16108186
    Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
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