Displaying publications 2321 - 2340 of 17217 in total

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  1. Fulltext Preliminary study: effects of social instability stress on depressive behaviours in ovariectomised rats
    Al-Rahbi B, Zakaria R, Muthuraju S, Othman Z, Hassan A
    Malays J Med Sci, 2013 Mar;20(2):35-40.
    PMID: 23983575 MyJurnal
    Depression is one of the common post-menopausal symptoms. In addition to estrogen deficiency, social instability stress may contribute as an additional underlying factor in the development of depressive behaviour in females. Therefore, this study was aimed at examining the influence of social instability stress on depressive behaviour in ovariectomized rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  2. Fulltext Noise exposure effect on testicular histology, morphology and on male steroidogenic hormone
    Swami CG, Ramanathan J, Charan Jeganath C
    Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jul;14(2):28-35.
    PMID: 23515367 MyJurnal
    The noise stress, after it passes through the hearing apparatus, not only affects the auditory apparatus but also other body functions. The alterations in the levels of cortical hormone, adrenocorticosterone, nor-epinephrine hormone (which are primarily considered as stress hormones) on follicular stimulating hormone, testosterone, and lutinizing hormone were reported in relation with stress. Male albino rats weighing 200 to 250 grams were exposed to 100 dB of noise for one hour and three hours in acute group and daily one hour exposure for 60 day, and 90 day in chronic group. The serum testosterone levels were measured in these animals. There was significant reduction in serum testosterone levels and this was similar with earlier reports. The tissues were collected for light and confocal microscopic study. 100dB of traffic noise exposure of varying duration had definite permanent effect on testicular histology and morphology and on the male sex hormone. The adaptation mechanism was noticed at the hormonal level only but the structural changes noticed were definite and permanent. The agglutinated dead sperms revealed the possibility of infertily when chronically exposed to noise stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  3. Fulltext Effect of early neonatal exposure to deltamethrin on the purkinje cell number in rat cerebellum
    Asari MA, Abdullah MS, Abdullah S
    Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Jul;15(3):14-21.
    PMID: 22570585 MyJurnal
    Deltamethrin is a widely used insecticide belonging to the class of pyrethroid. Although the neurotoxicity of pyrethroids including deltamethrin is well established, it is still unclear whether exposure to deltamethrin during neonatal period has any deleterious effect on the survival of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. In the study, we investigated the total number of Purkinje cells in experimental rats exposed to deltamethrin using a stereological method, the fractionator. Deltamethrin in a dose of 1 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 20% of LD(50) ) was administered through oral gavage to male pups from 2(nd) to 5(th) postnatal day (PND). At PND 21 the animals were sacrificed and their cerebelli were removed. The cerebelli were systematically sampled using the fractionator method and stained with cresyl fast violet. The number of the Purkinje cells was counted for each cerebellum. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the total number of Purkinje cells in the deltamethrin-treated group as compared to the control animals. This suggests that deltamethrin exposure at the current dosage during the neonatal period do not have any significant effect on the survival of the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  4. Fulltext Exploring community participation in vectorborne disease control in Southeast Asia: a scoping review protocol
    Naserrudin NA, Adhikari B, Culleton R, Hod R, Saffree Jeffree M, Ahmed K, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2024 May 13;14(5):e079963.
    PMID: 38740505 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079963
    INTRODUCTION: Vector borne diseases (VBDs) present significant public health challenges in Southeast Asia (SEA), and the increasing number of cases threatens vulnerable communities. Inadequate vector control and management have been linked to the spread of VBDs. To address these issues, community participation has been proposed as a promising approach to enhance health programmes and control of VBDs. This article outlines a protocol for a scoping review of the published literature on community-participation approaches to control VBDs in the SEA region. The primary research question is 'How does community participation complement the control of VBDs in SEA?' This review aims to provide an overview of various approaches and identify barriers and facilitators to effective implementation.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The research questions will guide the scoping review. In stage 1, peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus will be searched using predefined search terms related to community-based approaches and VBDs in the SEA region, English, Indonesian and Malay published between 2012 and 2022. In stage 2, the references from relevant articles will be screened for eligibility. In stage 3, eligible articles will be charted in Microsoft Excel to facilitate the review process, and studies will be characterised based on the investigated diseases; this review will also highlight the methodological context of these studies. In stage 4, a thematic analysis will be conducted to derive meaningful findings from the dataset relevant to the research inquiry, followed by writing the results in stage 5. This scoping review aims to be the first to explore community participation in VBD control in the SEA population, providing valuable insights for future research and stakeholders involved in disease control.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This scoping review does not require ethical approval because the methodology synthesises information from available articles. This review is planned for dissemination in academic journals, conference presentations and shared with stakeholders as part of knowledge sharing among those involved in VBD control.

    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  5. Telemetric EEG and the rat: a guide for neuroscientists
    Abdullah JM, Rafiqul Islam M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Oct;19(4):1-5.
    PMID: 23613643
    Telemetric EEG in the rat's brain has been used for experiments which tests the effects of an antiepileptic compound on it's antiseizures activity. A simple classification correlating epileptiform discharge and Racine's behavioral activity is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  6. Fulltext Acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to small bowel ascariasis
    Stephen DD, Siow SL
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Apr;19(2):92-5.
    PMID: 22973144 MyJurnal
    Acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to small bowel ascariasis is extremely rare. A high level of suspicion should be maintained when dealing with acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in migrants and travellers. Small bowel examination is warranted when carefully repeated upper and lower endoscopies have failed to elicit the source of bleeding. Appropriate test selection is determined by the availability of local expertise. We present a case of acute lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to jejunal ascariasis and a literature search on lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with jejunal infestation with Ascaris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  7. Regulating the humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) trade in Sabah, Malaysia
    Chen JN, Justin SR
    Ambio, 2009 Mar;38(2):123-5.
    PMID: 19431947
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  8. Leptospirosis in Malaya. I. Sporadic cases among military and civilian personnel
    MCCRUMB FR, STOCKARD JL, ROBINSON CR, TURNER LH, LEVIS DG, MAISEY CW, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1957 Mar;6(2):238-56.
    PMID: 13424900
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  9. North Borneo (Malaysia): a new locality for Schistosoma japonicum
    Kuntz RE
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1978 Jan;27(1 Pt 1):208-9.
    PMID: 415627
    Eleven pairs of schistosomes, indistinguishable from the classical Schistosoma japonicum, were found in a monkey (Macaca fascicularis) taken near Ranau in North Borneo. The new locality is within the recorded range of the species which extends from Japan, China, Taiwan, and Philippines through Southeast Asia to the Celebes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  10. Fulltext Valuing small fish from mosquito nets: A comment on Jones & Unsworth (2019)
    Tilley A, Mills D, Short R, Kolding J
    Ambio, 2020 07;49(7):1268-1270.
    PMID: 31965559 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01309-4
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  11. Potential of water-soluble chitosan Schiff bases extracted from Metapenaeus dobsoni shells as effective corrosion inhibitors
    Azmi CNA, Azahar SS, Shamsulazri NAN, Hamidon TS, Hussin MH, Nee TW, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Dec;282(Pt 4):137200.
    PMID: 39489239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137200
    Corrosion causes significant economic losses and structural failures in industries, highlighting the need for eco-friendly inhibitors. Chitosan (CS), a biodegradable and non-toxic biopolymer, shows potential, though its limited water solubility restricts its applications. To overcome this challenge, this study presents the synthesis of two water-soluble chitosan Schiff bases (CSBs) derived from the shells of Metapenaeus dobsoni (M. dobsoni). The extracted CS exhibits a remarkable degree of deacetylation exceeding 95 %, which was subsequently modified through reactions with o-vanillin (2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) (CSB I) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (CSB II). Structural characterization using spectroscopic techniques confirmed the successful formation of CSBs. Electrochemical measurements were employed to assess the corrosion resistance of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl with varying concentrations of CSB I and CSB II. The results revealed superior corrosion inhibition by CSB II (% IE = 94.48 %) compared to CSB I (% IE = 88.80 %). The methoxy group in CSB II contributed to its higher electron density and enhanced adsorption, leading to better surface coverage and corrosion resistance. Both inhibitors followed the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting a mix of physisorption and chemisorption. These CSBs are promising for corrosion control in industries like pipelines, storage tanks, construction materials, and acid pickling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  12. Fulltext Nature's Secret Neuro-Regeneration Pathway in Axolotls, Polychaetes and Planarians for Human Therapeutic Target Pathways
    Mansor NI, Balqis TN, Lani MN, Lye KL, Nor Muhammad NA, Ismail WIW, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2024 Nov 06;25(22).
    PMID: 39595973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252211904
    Despite significant improvements in the comprehension of neuro-regeneration, restoring nerve injury in humans continues to pose a substantial therapeutic difficulty. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the nerve regeneration process after injury relies on Schwann cells. These cells play a crucial role in regulating and releasing different extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin and fibronectin, which are essential for facilitating nerve regeneration. However, during regeneration, the nerve is required to regenerate for a long distance and, subsequently, loses its capacity to facilitate regeneration during this progression. Meanwhile, it has been noted that nerve regeneration has limited capabilities in the central nervous system (CNS) compared to in the PNS. The CNS contains factors that impede the regeneration of axons following injury to the axons. The presence of glial scar formation results from this unfavourable condition, where glial cells accumulate at the injury site, generating a physical and chemical barrier that hinders the regeneration of neurons. In contrast to humans, several species, such as axolotls, polychaetes, and planarians, possess the ability to regenerate their neural systems following amputation. This ability is based on the vast amount of pluripotent stem cells that have the remarkable capacity to differentiate and develop into any cell within their body. Although humans also possess these cells, their numbers are extremely limited. Examining the molecular pathways exhibited by these organisms has the potential to offer a foundational understanding of the human regeneration process. This review provides a concise overview of the molecular pathways involved in axolotl, polychaete, and planarian neuro-regeneration. It has the potential to offer a new perspective on therapeutic approaches for neuro-regeneration in humans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  13. Exosome-mediated viral nucleic acid presentation in a crustacean expounds innate immunity from a novel perspective
    Gong Y, Hu H, Zhao X, Wei W, Zhang M, Tran NT, et al.
    J Virol, 2024 Dec 17;98(12):e0151924.
    PMID: 39545727 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01519-24
    As an enduring hot topic in the field of innate immunity, apoptosis is widely considered an effective approach to eliminate pathogenic microbes and plays a crucial role during host-pathogen interactions. Recently, researchers have found that the virus-containing host cells could transmit apoptotic signals to the surrounding uninfected cells during infection, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that exosomes secreted by WSSV-infected mud crab hemocytes contain viral nucleic acid wsv277, which could be transported to the recipient cells and further expressed viral protein with phosphokinase activity. Besides, by using transcriptome, proteome, ChIP-seq, and coIP techniques, the results revealed that wsv277 could activate the transcription and translation of apoptotic genes via interacting with CBF and EF-1α so as to suppress the spread of virus infection by inducing apoptosis of the surrounding cells. Therefore, for the first time, our study proved that the components of DNA virus could be encapsulated into exosomes and elucidated the mechanism of apoptotic signal transduction between cells from the perspective of exosomes.

    IMPORTANCE: Our study revealed that the components of DNA virus could be packaged and transmitted through the exosomes of lower invertebrates, which strongly demonstrated the diversity of exosome-mediated viral immunity and its universality in animals. Furthermore, we elucidated the mechanism of apoptotic signal transduction between cells from the perspective of exosomes and revealed a novel strategy for the host to cope with viral infection.

    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  14. Fulltext Resistance to insecticides in the larvae of Culex fatigans in Malaya
    Reid JA
    Bull World Health Organ, 1955;12(5):705-10.
    PMID: 14379006
    After two years' use of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) as a larvicide in Georgetown, on Penang Island, control of Culex fatigans breeding became unsatisfactory. Two laboratory colonies of fatigans were established, one from Georgetown, and one from Kuala Lumpur where no insecticides had been used; tests were then made to determine the median lethal concentrations (MLC) of BHC, dieldrin, and DDT for the larvae of the two strains. The Georgetown strain was found to have acquired a tenfold resistance to BHC, and also to dieldrin to which it had not been exposed, but it showed no significant increase of resistance to DDT, to which it had also not been exposed. A year later, when both strains had passed through some ten generations in the laboratory without exposure to insecticides, the Georgetown strain was found to have lost much of its resistance to BHC, although the MLC was still twice that of the non-resistant Kuala Lumpur strain.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  15. Fulltext Resistance patterns in DDT-resistant Aedes aegypti
    Busvine JR, Coker WZ
    Bull World Health Organ, 1958;18(4):651-6.
    PMID: 13536807
    Colonies of three strains of Aëdes aegypti resistant to DDT were obtained from Trinidad, Haiti and Malaya and reared beside a normal colony. From their relative resistance to a series of compounds analogous to DDT, characteristic resistance "spectra" were obtained. The two colonies from the West Indies showed a similar type of resistance, rather different from the (smaller) resistance of the Malay strain. No resistance to methoxychlor or dieldrin was found.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  16. Fulltext Critical updates on oral insulin drug delivery systems for type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Low CY, Gan WL, Lai SJ, Tam RS, Tan JF, Dietl S, et al.
    J Nanobiotechnology, 2025 Jan 15;23(1):16.
    PMID: 39815320 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-03062-7
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Exogenous insulin can counteract the diminished response to insulin and effectively controlling blood glucose levels, thereby minimizing diabetes-related complications. However, given the injectable nature of exogenous insulin, apprehensions regarding its safety and the difficulties associated with its administration have hindered its widespread and prompt utilization. In this context, advanced oral insulin formulations can improve medication adherence in patients with diabetes and enhance their quality of life. Over the last 20 years, sophisticated pharmaceutical technologies have been utilized to provide insulin through oral formulations. Despite the limited absorption of oral insulin, these studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in translating clinical discoveries into commercialization. This review examines the advancements of several oral insulin formulations in preclinical and clinical trials, their effectiveness and safety characteristics, and potential implications for future treatment options.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals
  17. Genetically modified mosquito: the Malaysian public engagement experience
    Subramaniam TS, Lee HL, Ahmad NW, Murad S
    Biotechnol J, 2012 Nov;7(11):1323-7.
    PMID: 23125042 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200282
    On December 21, 2010, 6000 genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes were released in an uninhabited forest in Malaysia. The purpose of the deliberate release was a limited “marked release and recapture” (MRR) experiment, a standard ecological method in entomology, to evaluate under field conditions, the flight distance and longevity of the sterile male Aedes aegypti strain OX513A(My1), a GM strain. As with any other GM technologies, the release was received with mixed responses. As the scientific community debate over the public engagement strategies for similar GM releases, dengue incidence continues to rise with a heavy toll on morbidity, mortality and healthcare budgets. Meanwhile the wild female Aedes aegypti continues to breed offspring, surviving and evading conventional interventions for vector control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified*
  18. Fulltext Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) mediate large-scale edge effects in a lowland tropical rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia
    Fujinuma J, Harrison RD
    PLoS One, 2012;7(5):e37321.
    PMID: 22615977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037321
    Edge-effects greatly extend the area of tropical forests degraded through human activities. At Pasoh, Peninsular Malaysia, it has been suggested that soil disturbance by highly abundant wild pigs (Sus scrofa), which feed in adjacent Oil Palm plantations, may have mediated the invasion of Clidemia hirta (Melastomataceae) into the diverse tropical lowland rain forest. To investigate this hypothesis, we established three 1 km transects from the forest/Oil Palm plantation boundary into the forest interior. We recorded the distribution of soil disturbance by wild pigs, C. hirta abundance, and environmental variables. These data were analyzed using a hierarchical Bayesian model that incorporated spatial auto-correlation in the environmental variables. As predicted, soil disturbance by wild pigs declined with distance from forest edge and C. hirta abundance was correlated with the level of soil disturbance. Importantly there was no effect of distance on C. hirta abundance, after controlling for the effect of soil disturbance. Clidemia hirta abundance was also correlated with the presence of canopy openings, but there was no significant association between the occurrence of canopy openings and distance from the edge. Increased levels of soil disturbance and C. hirta abundance were still detectable approximately 1 km from the edge, demonstrating the potential for exceptionally large-scale animal mediated edge effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals; Animals, Wild*
  19. Genetic differentiation of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations in China, Nepal and south-east Asia: inferences on the region of domestication of the swamp buffalo
    Zhang Y, Vankan D, Zhang Y, Barker JS
    Anim. Genet., 2011 Aug;42(4):366-77.
    PMID: 21749419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02166.x
    Data from three published studies of genetic variation at 18 microsatellite loci in water buffalo populations in China (18 swamp type, two river type), Nepal (one wild, one domestic river, one hybrid) and south-east Asia (eight swamp, three river) were combined so as to gain a broader understanding of genetic relationships among the populations and their demographic history. Mean numbers of alleles and expected heterozygosities were significantly different among populations. Estimates of θ (a measure of population differentiation) were significant among the swamp populations for all loci and among the river populations for most loci. Differentiation among the Chinese swamp populations (which was due primarily to just one population) was much less than among the south-east Asian. The Nepal wild animals, phenotypically swamp type but genetically like river type, are significantly different from all the domestic river populations and presumably represent the ancestral Bubalus arnee (possibly with some river-type introgression). Relationships among the swamp populations (D(A) genetic distances, principal component analysis and structure analyses) show the south-east Asian populations separated into two groups by the Chinese populations. Given these relationships and the patterns of genetic variability, we postulate that the swamp buffalo was domesticated in the region of the far south of China, northern Thailand and Indochina. Following domestication, it spread south through peninsular Malaysia to Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi, and north through China, and then to Taiwan, the Philippines and Borneo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals; Animals, Domestic/genetics*
  20. Fulltext A case of cutaneous larva migrans acquired from soiled toilet floors in urban Kuala Lumpur
    Robson NZ, Othman S
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):331-2.
    PMID: 19385496 MyJurnal
    Despite being a common skin dermatosis in the tropics, physicians in the tropics may miss the diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans for other pruritic skin manifestation. This is especially in those who live in urban housing with no history of travel. Cutaneous larva migrans, an intensely pruritic skin pathology is mainly contracted by people with history of beach holiday or contact with moist soft sand which had been contaminated with dog or cat faeces. This article reports a patient who presented with intensely itchy papular spots over the dorsum of his foot after walking barefooted in an urban toilet soiled with cat faeces. The patient had initially seen an urban general practitioner who diagnosed the papular skin lesion as an allergic reaction, and prescribed antihistamines. The patient subsequently developed creeping skin lesions and was seen by the author who prescribed albendazole 400 mg twice daily for three days. The patient reported reduction in itching after two days of albendazole treatment and a follow up at ten days revealed a healed infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Animals; Animals, Domestic/parasitology
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