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  1. Appraisal of adaptive neuro-fuzzy computing technique for estimating anti-obesity properties of a medicinal plant
    Kazemipoor M, Hajifaraji M, Radzi CW, Shamshirband S, Petković D, Mat Kiah ML
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2015 Jan;118(1):69-76.
    PMID: 25453384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2014.10.006
    This research examines the precision of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy computing technique in estimating the anti-obesity property of a potent medicinal plant in a clinical dietary intervention. Even though a number of mathematical functions such as SPSS analysis have been proposed for modeling the anti-obesity properties estimation in terms of reduction in body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and body weight loss, there are still disadvantages of the models like very demanding in terms of calculation time. Since it is a very crucial problem, in this paper a process was constructed which simulates the anti-obesity activities of caraway (Carum carvi) a traditional medicine on obese women with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference (ANFIS) method. The ANFIS results are compared with the support vector regression (SVR) results using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R(2)). The experimental results show that an improvement in predictive accuracy and capability of generalization can be achieved by the ANFIS approach. The following statistical characteristics are obtained for BMI loss estimation: RMSE=0.032118 and R(2)=0.9964 in ANFIS testing and RMSE=0.47287 and R(2)=0.361 in SVR testing. For fat loss estimation: RMSE=0.23787 and R(2)=0.8599 in ANFIS testing and RMSE=0.32822 and R(2)=0.7814 in SVR testing. For weight loss estimation: RMSE=0.00000035601 and R(2)=1 in ANFIS testing and RMSE=0.17192 and R(2)=0.6607 in SVR testing. Because of that, it can be applied for practical purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/pathology
  2. Fulltext Lipoleiomyoma: a rare benign tumour of the uterus
    Johari B, Koshy M, Sidek S, Hanafiah M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2014 Oct 19;2014.
    PMID: 25331147 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205814
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/pathology
  3. Automatic lung segmentation using control feedback system: morphology and texture paradigm
    Noor NM, Than JC, Rijal OM, Kassim RM, Yunus A, Zeki AA, et al.
    J Med Syst, 2015 Mar;39(3):22.
    PMID: 25666926 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-015-0214-6
    Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) encompasses a wide array of diseases that share some common radiologic characteristics. When diagnosing such diseases, radiologists can be affected by heavy workload and fatigue thus decreasing diagnostic accuracy. Automatic segmentation is the first step in implementing a Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) that will help radiologists to improve diagnostic accuracy thereby reducing manual interpretation. Automatic segmentation proposed uses an initial thresholding and morphology based segmentation coupled with feedback that detects large deviations with a corrective segmentation. This feedback is analogous to a control system which allows detection of abnormal or severe lung disease and provides a feedback to an online segmentation improving the overall performance of the system. This feedback system encompasses a texture paradigm. In this study we studied 48 males and 48 female patients consisting of 15 normal and 81 abnormal patients. A senior radiologist chose the five levels needed for ILD diagnosis. The results of segmentation were displayed by showing the comparison of the automated and ground truth boundaries (courtesy of ImgTracer™ 1.0, AtheroPoint™ LLC, Roseville, CA, USA). The left lung's performance of segmentation was 96.52% for Jaccard Index and 98.21% for Dice Similarity, 0.61 mm for Polyline Distance Metric (PDM), -1.15% for Relative Area Error and 4.09% Area Overlap Error. The right lung's performance of segmentation was 97.24% for Jaccard Index, 98.58% for Dice Similarity, 0.61 mm for PDM, -0.03% for Relative Area Error and 3.53% for Area Overlap Error. The segmentation overall has an overall similarity of 98.4%. The segmentation proposed is an accurate and fully automated system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology*
  4. Fulltext Fibrinolytic activity and dose-dependent effect of incubating human blood clots in caffeic acid phenethyl ester: in vitro assays
    Elnager A, Hassan R, Idris Z, Mustafa Z, Wan-Arfah N, Sulaiman SA, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2015;2015:627471.
    PMID: 25664321 DOI: 10.1155/2015/627471
    Background. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been reported to possess time-dependent fibrinolytic activity by in vitro assay. This study is aimed at investigating fibrinolytic dose-dependent activity of CAPE using in vitro assays. Methods. Standardized human whole blood (WB) clots were incubated in either blank controls or different concentrations of CAPE (3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 22.50, and 30.00 mM). After 3 hours, D-dimer (DD) levels and WB clot weights were measured for each concentration. Thromboelastography (TEG) parameters were recorded following CAPE incubation, and fibrin morphology was examined under a confocal microscope. Results. Overall, mean DD (μg/mL) levels were significantly different across samples incubated with different CAPE concentrations, and the median pre- and postincubation WB clot weights (grams) were significantly decreased for each CAPE concentration. Fibrin removal was observed microscopically and indicated dose-dependent effects. Based on the TEG test, the Ly30 fibrinolytic parameter was significantly different between samples incubated with two different CAPE concentrations (15.0 and 22.50 mM). The 50% effective dose (ED50) of CAPE (based on DD) was 1.99 mg/mL. Conclusions. This study suggests that CAPE possesses fibrinolytic activity following in vitro incubation and that it has dose-dependent activities. Therefore, further investigation into CAPE as a potential alternative thrombolytic agent should be conducted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Thrombosis/pathology*
  5. Fulltext Ureteral stricture formation after ureteroscope treatment of impacted calculi: a prospective study
    Fam XI, Singam P, Ho CC, Sridharan R, Hod R, Bahadzor B, et al.
    Korean J Urol, 2015 Jan;56(1):63-7.
    PMID: 25598938 DOI: 10.4111/kju.2015.56.1.63
    Urinary calculi is a familiar disease. A well-known complication of endourological treatment for impacted ureteral stones is the formation of ureteral strictures, which has been reported to occur in 14.2% to 24% of cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ureter/pathology*
  6. Descemetorhexis for Fuchs' dystrophy
    Moloney G, Chan UT, Hamilton A, Zahidin AM, Grigg JR, Devasahayam RN
    Can J Ophthalmol, 2015 Feb;50(1):68-72.
    PMID: 25677286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2014.10.014
    To describe 2 cases of spontaneous corneal clearing after Descemetorhexis: 1 after iatrogenic trauma (Case 1) and 1 as an intentional surgical intervention for Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (Case 2).
    Matched MeSH terms: Endothelium, Corneal/pathology
  7. Predictive model of oral cancer metastasis for different cancer sites and age groups
    Siriwardena BS, Rasnayaka RM, Masood Y, Masood M, Kumarasiri PV, Tilakaratne WM
    J Investig Clin Dent, 2016 May;7(2):127-31.
    PMID: 25573428 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12145
    AIM: The high incidence rates for oral cancer (excluding lip) are especially found in the South and South-East Asia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sex, age, site, and metastasis of a large sample with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

    METHODS: A total of 989 OSCC treated with neck dissection were selected. All the relevant data were recorded from biopsy request forms. The patients were divided into seven groups, and there were nine different oral sites.

    RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio of the sample was 4:1. Most of the patients were aged between 30 and 60 years. Of the 989 patients, approximately 40% patients had metastasis. Age <30 years showed a higher probability of metastasis compared to higher age groups, but it was not statistically significant. Palate cancers had more than 14 times higher chance of metastasis, followed by maxilla (4.6 times) and tongue (2.8 times).

    CONCLUSION: The present study provides important information on the metastatic potential of OSCC in different oral sites, and identifies high-risk age groups for metastasis. This will be helpful in planning neck treatment for OSCC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*
  8. Fulltext Effect of environmental enrichment exposure on neuronal morphology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic and stressed rat hippocampus
    Pamidi N, Nayak S
    Biomed J, 2014 Jul-Aug;37(4):225-31.
    PMID: 25116719 DOI: 10.4103/2319-4170.125651
    BACKGROUND: Environmental enrichment (EE) exposure is known to influence the structural changes in the neuronal network of hippocampus. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of EE exposure on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and stressed rat hippocampus.
    METHODS: Male albino rats of Wistar strain (4-5 weeks old) were grouped into normal control (NC), vehicle control (VC), diabetes (DI), diabetes + stress (DI + S), diabetes + EE (DI + E), and diabetes + stress + EE (DI + S + E) groups (n = 8 in each group). Rats were exposed to stress and EE after inducing diabetes with STZ (40 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on Day 30 and brain sections were processed for cresyl violet staining to quantify the number of surviving neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate hilus (DH) regions of hippocampus.
    RESULTS: A significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the number of survived neurons was noticed in DI (CA1, 34.06 ± 3.2; CA3, 36.1 ± 3.62; DH, 9.83 ± 2.02) as well as DI + S (CA1, 14.03 ± 3.12; CA3, 20.27 ± 4.09; DH, 6.4 ± 1.21) group rats compared to NC rats (CA1, 53.64 ± 2.96; CA3, 62.1 ± 3.34; DH, 21.11 ± 1.03). A significant (p < 0.001) increase in the number of survived neurons was observed in DI + E (CA1, 42.3 ± 3.66; CA3, 46.73 ± 4.74; DH, 17.03 ± 2.19) and DI + S + E (CA1, 29.69 ± 4.47; CA3, 36.73 ± 3.89; DH, 12.23 ± 2.36) group rats compared to DI and DI + S groups, respectively.
    CONCLUSIONS: EE exposure significantly reduced the amount of neuronal damage caused by complications of diabetes and stress to the neurons of hippocampus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hippocampus/pathology*
  9. The kinase LMTK3 promotes invasion in breast cancer through GRB2-mediated induction of integrin β₁
    Xu Y, Zhang H, Lit LC, Grothey A, Athanasiadou M, Kiritsi M, et al.
    Sci Signal, 2014 Jun 17;7(330):ra58.
    PMID: 24939894 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005170
    Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is associated with cell proliferation and endocrine resistance in breast cancer. We found that, in cultured breast cancer cell lines, LMTK3 promotes the development of a metastatic phenotype by inducing the expression of genes encoding integrin subunits. Invasive behavior in various breast cancer cell lines positively correlated with the abundance of LMTK3. Overexpression of LMTK3 in a breast cancer cell line with low endogenous LMTK3 abundance promoted actin cytoskeleton remodeling, focal adhesion formation, and adhesion to collagen and fibronectin in culture. Using SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) proteomic analysis, we found that LMTK3 increased the abundance of integrin subunits α5 and β1, encoded by ITGA5 and ITGB1. This effect depended on the CDC42 Rho family guanosine triphosphatase, which was in turn activated by the interaction between LMTK3 and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), an adaptor protein that mediates receptor tyrosine kinase-induced activation of RAS and downstream signaling. Knockdown of GRB2 suppressed LMTK3-induced CDC42 activation, blocked ITGA5 and ITGB1 expression promoted by the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), and reduced invasive activity. Furthermore, abundance of LMTK3 positively correlated with that of the integrin β1 subunit in breast cancer patient's tumors. Our findings suggest a role for LMTK3 in promoting integrin activity during breast cancer progression and metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*
  10. Gene expression analysis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with recombinant bromelain
    Fouz N, Amid A, Hashim YZ
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2014 Aug;173(7):1618-39.
    PMID: 24928548 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0947-6
    The contributing molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of breast cancer need to be better characterized. The principle of our study was to better understand the genetic mechanism of oncogenesis for human breast cancer and to discover new possible tumor markers for use in clinical practice. We used complimentary DNA (cDNA) microarrays to compare gene expression profiles of treated Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) with recombinant bromelain and untreated MCF-7. SpringGene analysis was carried out of differential expression followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), to understand the underlying consequence in developing disease and disorders. We identified 1,102 known genes differentially expressed to a significant degree (p<0.001) changed between the treatment. Within this gene set, 20 genes were significantly changed between treated cells and the control cells with cutoff fold change of more than 1.5. These genes are RNA-binding motif, single-stranded interacting protein 1 (RBMS1), ribosomal protein L29 (RPL29), glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2), C15orf32, Akt3, B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1), C6orf62, C7orf60, kinesin-associated protein 3 (KIFAP3), FBXO11, AT-rich interactive domain 4A (ARID4A), COPS2, TBPL1|SLC2A12, TMEM59, SNORD46, glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 (GLTSCR2), and LRRFIP. Our observation on gene expression indicated that recombinant bromelain produces a unique signature affecting different pathways, specific for each congener. The microarray results give a molecular mechanistic insight and functional effects, following recombinant bromelain treatment. The extent of changes in genes is related to and involved significantly in gap junction signaling, amyloid processing, cell cycle regulation by BTG family proteins, and breast cancer regulation by stathmin1 that play major roles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*
  11. MicroRNAs: biogenesis, roles for carcinogenesis and as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis
    Kavitha N, Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Oon CE, Chen Y, Kanwar JR, et al.
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(18):7489-97.
    PMID: 25292018
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 20-24 nucleotides that play important roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, miRNAs control numerous cancer-relevant biological events such as cell proliferation, cell cycle control, metabolism and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the biogenesis of miRNAs, miRNA roles in cancer and their potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis including the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and miRNA dysregulation. Moreover, microRNA molecules are already receiving the attention of world researchers as therapeutic targets and agents. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of microRNAs has the potential not only to identify their roles in cancer, but also to exploit them as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and identify therapeutic targets for new drug discovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology*
  12. Fulltext Descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer in University Malaya Medical Centre, 2001 to 2010
    Magaji BA, Moy FM, Roslani AC, Law CW
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(15):6059-64.
    PMID: 25124558
    BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Malaysia. Nevertheless, there is little information on treatment and outcomes nationally. We aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics of colorectal cancer patients treated at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) as part of a larger project on survival and quality of life outcomes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 1,212 patients undergoing treatment in UMMC between January 2001 and December 2010 were reviewed. A retrospective-prospective cohort study design was used. Research tools included the National Cancer Patient Registration form. Statistical analysis included means, standard deviations (SD), proportions, chi square, t-test/ ANOVA. P-value significance was set at 0.05.

    RESULTS: The male: female ratio was 1.2:1. The mean age was 62.1 (SD12.4) years. Patients were predominantly Chinese (67%), then Malays (18%), Indians (13%) and others (2%). Malays were younger than Chinese and Indians (mean age 57 versus 62 versus 62 years, p<0.001). More females (56%) had colon cancers compared to males (44%) (p=0.022). Malays (57%) had more rectal cancer compared to Chinese (45%) and Indians (49%) (p=0.004). Dukes' stage data weres available in 67%, with Dukes' C and D accounting for 64%. Stage was not affected by age, gender, ethnicity or tumor site. Treatment modalities included surgery alone (40%), surgery and chemo/radiotherapy 32%, chemo and radiotherapy (8%) and others (20%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Significant ethnic differences in age and site distribution, if verified in population-based settings, would support implementation of preventive measures targeting those with the greatest need, at the right age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
  13. Testosterone decreases fluid and chloride secretions in the uterus of adult female rats via down-regulating cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) expression and functional activity
    Mohd Mokhtar H, Giribabu N, Kassim N, Muniandy S, Salleh N
    J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2014 Oct;144 Pt B:361-72.
    PMID: 25125390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.007
    Estrogen is known to stimulate uterine fluid and Cl(-) secretion via CFTR. This study investigated testosterone effect on these changes in a rat model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterus/pathology
  14. Fulltext Biomedical properties of a natural dietary plant metabolite, zerumbone, in cancer therapy and chemoprevention trials
    Rahman HS, Rasedee A, Yeap SK, Othman HH, Chartrand MS, Namvar F, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:920742.
    PMID: 25025076 DOI: 10.1155/2014/920742
    Zerumbone (ZER) is a naturally occurring dietary compound, present in many natural foods consumed today. The compound derived from several plant species of the Zingiberaceae family that has been found to possess multiple biomedical properties, such as antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, evidence of efficacy is sparse, pointing to the need for a more systematic review for assessing scientific evidence to support therapeutic claims made for ZER and to identify future research needs. This review provides an updated overview of in vitro and in vivo investigations of ZER, its cancer chemopreventive properties, and mechanisms of action. Therapeutic effects of ZER were found to be scientifically plausible and could be explained partially by in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activities. Much of the research outlined in this paper will serve as a foundation to explain ZER anticancer bioactivity, which will open the door for the development of strategies in the treatment of malignancies using ZER.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/pathology
  15. Fulltext A comparative study of the SVM and K-nn machine learning algorithms for the diagnosis of respiratory pathologies using pulmonary acoustic signals
    Palaniappan R, Sundaraj K, Sundaraj S
    BMC Bioinformatics, 2014;15:223.
    PMID: 24970564 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-223
    Pulmonary acoustic parameters extracted from recorded respiratory sounds provide valuable information for the detection of respiratory pathologies. The automated analysis of pulmonary acoustic signals can serve as a differential diagnosis tool for medical professionals, a learning tool for medical students, and a self-management tool for patients. In this context, we intend to evaluate and compare the performance of the support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbour (K-nn) classifiers in diagnosis respiratory pathologies using respiratory sounds from R.A.L.E database.
    Matched MeSH terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases/pathology
  16. Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as a sphenoid sinus mass and meningeal carcinomatosis
    Hashim H, Rahmat K, Abdul Aziz YF, Chandran PA
    Ear Nose Throat J, 2014 Jun;93(6):E20-3.
    PMID: 24932824
    We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who was referred to us for evaluation of a 2-week history of fever, headache, vomiting, bilateral ptosis, and blurred vision. Imaging obtained by the referring institution had identified a sphenoid sinus mass and diffuse meningeal infiltration, which was thought to represent an infective process. We subsequently identified the mass as a metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The patient was placed under palliative care, and she died 1 month later. Metastases to the sphenoid sinus from any primary source are very rare, and they are generally not considered in the radiologic differential diagnosis. HCC is known to metastasize to the lung, lymph nodes, and musculoskeletal system; again, reported cases of metastasis to the sphenoid sinus are rare. Indeed, our review of the English-language literature found only 6 previously reported cases of sinonasal metastasis of a primary HCC. A diagnosis of a sinonasal metastasis is more difficult in a patient who has no previous diagnosis of a primary malignancy. In presenting this case, our aim is to remind readers of this possibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/pathology*
  17. Report of a rare case of carcinosarcoma of the maxillary sinus with sternal metastasis
    Cheong JP, Rahayu S, Halim A, Khir A, Noorafidah D
    Ear Nose Throat J, 2014 Jun;93(6):E1-4.
    PMID: 24932822
    Carcinosarcoma is a highly aggressive and infiltrative tumor. A finding of this tumor in a paranasal sinus is exceedingly rare. We describe the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with a mass on the left side of his face. The mass was excised via a total maxillectomy with a modified radical neck dissection. Histologic analysis identified a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Within 1 month of surgery, the patient developed a sternal metastasis, and he died within a short period of time. The aggressive nature of this tumor and its metastases demand early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/pathology*
  18. Fulltext Extensive lip ulcers: a case report. Erythema multiforme
    Chean KY
    Aust Fam Physician, 2014 Jul;43(7):443-4.
    PMID: 25006604
    Matched MeSH terms: Lip/pathology*
  19. Fulltext Preclinical and clinical effects of mistletoe against breast cancer
    Marvibaigi M, Supriyanto E, Amini N, Abdul Majid FA, Jaganathan SK
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:785479.
    PMID: 25136622 DOI: 10.1155/2014/785479
    Breast cancer is among the most frequent types of cancer in women worldwide. Current conventional treatment options are accompanied by side effects. Mistletoe is amongst the important herbal medicines traditionally used as complementary remedies. An increasing number of studies have reported anticancer activity of mistletoe extracts on breast cancer cells and animal models. Some recent evidence suggests that cytotoxic activity of mistletoe may be mediated through different mechanisms. These findings provide a good base for clinical trials. Various studies on mistletoe therapy for breast cancer patients revealed similar findings concerning possible benefits on survival time, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), remission rate, and alleviating adverse reactions to conventional therapy. This review provides an overview of the recent findings on preclinical experiments and clinical trials of mistletoe for its cytotoxic and antitumor activity and its effect on HRQoL in breast cancer patients. Moreover, studies investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying antitumor activity of mistletoe are discussed in this paper. The analyzed trials provided evidence that there might be a combination of pharmacological and motivational aspects mediated by the mistletoe extract application which may contribute to the clinical benefit and positive outcome such as improved HRQoL and self-regulation in breast cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology
  20. Fulltext Vitamin E in sarcopenia: current evidences on its role in prevention and treatment
    Khor SC, Abdul Karim N, Ngah WZ, Yusof YA, Makpol S
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2014;2014:914853.
    PMID: 25097722 DOI: 10.1155/2014/914853
    Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome that is characterized by gradual loss of muscle mass and strength with increasing age. Although the underlying mechanism is still unknown, the contribution of increased oxidative stress in advanced age has been recognized as one of the risk factors of sarcopenia. Thus, eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be a strategy to combat sarcopenia. In this review, we discuss the potential role of vitamin E in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Vitamin E is a lipid soluble vitamin, with potent antioxidant properties and current evidence suggesting a role in the modulation of signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown its possible beneficial effects on aging and age-related diseases. Although there are evidences suggesting an association between vitamin E and muscle health, they are still inconclusive compared to other more extensively studied chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the role of vitamin E and its potential protective mechanisms on muscle health based on previous and current in vitro and in vivo studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sarcopenia/pathology
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