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An exploration of the associations between facets of interoceptive awareness and body image in adolescents

Todd J, Aspell JE, Barron D, Swami V

Body Image, 2019 Dec;31:171-180.
PMID: 31654981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.10.004

Previous research suggests that lower interoceptive awareness is associated with more negative body image during adolescence. However, studies have not distinguished between adaptive and maladaptive modes of attention toward interoceptive signals, and relationships between interoceptive awareness and positive body image remain unexplored. To address these issues, a sample of 265 British adolescents (140 girls, 125 boys) aged 13-16 years completed measures of interoceptive awareness, body appreciation, functionality appreciation, body pride, body shame, and body surveillance. Correlational analyses broadly indicated that greater interoceptive awareness was significantly associated with more positive body image. Multiple regressions revealed significant predictive relationships between interoceptive awareness and all facets of body image in both girls and boys, except body surveillance, which was not statistically significant for girls. At the univariate level, the interoceptive awareness facets of Attention Regulation, Body Listening, Self-Regulation, and Trusting emerged as significant predictors for at least one facet of positive body image, whilst the Noticing and Emotional Awareness facets did not. These findings broadly align with previous research with adults, which has indicated that the way interoceptive stimuli are appraised and responded to might be more closely associated with facets of body image than the tendency to notice interoceptive stimuli.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Discovery of the westernmost population of the genus Ansonia Stoliczka (Anura, Bufonidae) with the description of a new species from the Shan Plateau of eastern Myanmar

Quah ESH, Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Thura MK, Oaks JR, Lin A

Zootaxa, 2019 Aug 14;4656(3):zootaxa.4656.3.11.
PMID: 31716818 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.3.11

A new species of Ansonia is described from the Shan Plateau of Myanmar based on an integrative taxonomic analysis that differentiates it from all other congeners. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial genes 12S and 16S rRNA and tRNA-val recover A. kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. as the sister species to A. inthanon from Thailand but differs from it and other congeners by at least a 5.0% sequence divergence. It is further differentiated by the following combination of morphological characters: (1) maximum SVL 24 mm in males and females; (2) first finger shorter than second; (3) absence of interorbital and tarsal ridges; (4) presence of light-coloured interscapular spot; (5) presence of yellow rictal tubercle; (6) absence of wide, light-coloured patch below eye; (7) presence of large, discrete, bright-yellow submandibular spots along the underside of lower jaw; (8) iris yellow-gold; (9) presence of markings on the snout consisting of streaks below the eye to the lip, and on the canthus rostralis to the nostril; (10) dorsum grey-brown with orange-beige spots, a dark-brown X-shaped marking on the back surrounding the interscapular spot, and dark-coloured markings on rump; (11) fore- and hind limbs with orange-beige cross-bars; and (12) venter light-gray with yellow spotting, especially near flanks and underside of hind limbs. Ansonia kyaiktiyoensis sp. nov. is the westernmost known record for the genus and the only species west of the Salween Basin. Its discovery echoes the increasing number of herpetological discoveries being made in upland regions fringing the Ayeyarwady and Salween Basins.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Acupuncture management of blepharoptosis: a case report

Kim YJ

Acupunct Med, 2020 06;38(3):201-202.
PMID: 31726848 DOI: 10.1177/0964528419883283
Matched MeSH terms: Female
The age question among Asiatic girls in Malayan courts of law

Worth HI

Med J Malaya, 1947;1:252-272.

European standards on height, weight, centres of ossification and date of onset of puberty are not applicable to Asiatic girls in Malaya. " Asiatics " could not be grouped together, racial groups showed differences, especially the three main groups-Chinese, Indians and Malays. Nine tables are furnished showing the average and maximum and minimum heights and weights of the four main groups examined, as well as of some of the minor groups, arranged according to ages from 5 years to 19 years. The conclusion is drawn that the European standard of height and weight is higher than that of any of the Asiatic races in Malaya; a greater difference is noted in the weight than in the height and there is a much greater range in the weight of Asiatics but a smaller range in the height. Onset of menstruation tended to be earlier in the local Asiatic groups than in Europeans. The date of eruption of permanent teeth appeared to be earlier among Asiatic races. No deciduous teeth were found at the age of 12-13 years, the lower second molar was seen in all those examined at that age and the whole lower set was present, excluding the third molar. Earlier efuption of the canine teeth was also noticeable. Details should be consulted in the original by all those interested in medico legal work in tropical countries. P. A. Clearkin.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Length-Weight Relationships of Acetes spp. Sampled Along the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Boon YW, Han KAO, Gideon Khoo

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:379-386.

The present study describes the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of four Acetes species (Acetes indicus, A. serrulatus,
A. japonicus and A. sibogae) which were sampled from offshore trawling and inshore catches along the west coast of
Peninsular Malaysia. Morphometric measurements (total length, TL and wet weight, WW) were obtained from the samples
and LWRs were estimated. All LWRs were significant (p<0.05) for the four species, with the coefficient of determination, R2
>
0.659. The estimated b values for LWR were 2.432-3.403. The R2
value was >0.84 when the data was analysed according
to inshore and offshore samples. Male and female A. indicus and A. serrulatus demonstrated negative allometric growth
whilst male A. japonicus and A. sibogae showed isometric growth type. Positive allometric growth was depicted by a
combined group of male and female A. sibogae. This study has contributed to the knowledge of the offshore and inshore
distribution patterns of different populations of Acetes spp. in the Straits of Malacca. It also presents a comparison of
the LWRs between offshore and inshore catches of A. indicus and A. serrulatus, with the inshore catches of A. japonicus
and A. sibogae, which have not been previously reported. The findings of this study would contribute to the conservation
and management of this commercially important fisheries resource.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Arthroscopic All-Inside Repair of Tear of the Anterior Horn of Discoid Lateral Meniscus

Muniandy M, Rajagopal S, Tahir SH

Surg J (N Y), 2019 Jan;5(1):e35-e37.
PMID: 31093532 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688951

The anterior horn of lateral meniscus tear is usually repaired using outside-in technique. Although easy to perform, it was associated with several complications which may alter the outcome of the surgery. Here, we present a case of an adolescent girl presented with incomplete discoid lateral meniscus accompanied by tear of anterior horn. The tear was repaired using all-inside technique without any implants. We described the surgical technique and discussed the rationale.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
The Association of Rumination and Perfectionism to Social Anxiety

Abdollahi A

Psychiatry, 2019;82(4):345-353.
PMID: 31112491 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2019.1608783

Objective: Evaluative concerns perfectionism is related to both rumination and social anxiety. However, the mediating role of rumination between two types of perfectionism-namely, evaluative concerns perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism-and social anxiety has yet to be studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of rumination on the association between perfectionism and social anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 Malaysian undergraduate students using self-report questionnaires. Results: Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that evaluative concerns perfectionism and rumination were significant positive predictors of social anxiety. Multimodel analysis revealed that rumination partially mediated the association between evaluative concerns perfectionism and social anxiety. Conclusions: The results suggested that evaluative concerns perfectionists were more likely to engage in rumination and were consequently more likely to experience social anxiety.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Orthodontic material usage among Malaysian orthodontists

Asma Alhusna Abang Abdullah, Nurul Asyikin Yahya

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1313-1317.

Fixed orthodontic treatment requires the use of orthodontic brackets and archwires in order to correct malocclusions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of orthodontic material usages i.e. bracket and archwire among Malaysian orthodontists. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to members of the Malaysian Association of Orthodontist. Data entry and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables, frequency and percentages for categorical variables. Thirty-four orthodontists responded to the survey, with 76% (n=26) were female and the mean age was 43.31 years (SD 8.76). Most respondents used conventional metal brackets (60%, n=60) and most bracket prescription used was MBT (56%, n=19). At levelling stage, most respondents used nickel titanium archwire (84.5%, n=47). Stainless steel archwire was the most favourable choice for retraction/space closure stage (73.9%, n=34). At finishing, most respondents (60.4%, n=29) preferred to use stainless steel wire in their cases. As a conclusion, specific types of orthodontic materials were preferred and used by Malaysian orthodontists in delivering orthodontic treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Mental health literacy of maternal and paternal postnatal (postpartum) depression in British adults

Swami V, Barron D, Smith L, Furnham A

J Ment Health, 2019 May 09.
PMID: 31070064 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1608932

BACKGROUND: Postnatal depression affects between 6 and 13% of new parents, but only a small proportion of individuals who meet diagnostic criteria receive optimal treatment. One reason for this is poor mental health literacy of postnatal depression.
AIMS: Studies have examined mental health literacy of maternal postnatal depression, but there are no similar studies of paternal postnatal depression, which we sought to rectify.
METHODS: A sample of 406 British adults was presented with vignettes describing cases of either maternal or paternal postnatal depression. Based on the vignettes, participants were asked to report if they thought anything was wrong with the targets and, if so, to describe what they thought was wrong. Participants also rated the targets on a range of attitudinal dimensions.
RESULTS: Participants were more likely to indicate that something was wrong when the target was female (97.0%) compared to male (75.9%). Of those who believed something was wrong, 90.1% of participants correctly described the female target as experiencing postnatal depression, but only 46.3% did so for the male target. Participants also held more positive attitudes toward the female target than the male target.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a gender binary in symptom recognition of postnatal depression, which highlights the need for greater awareness of paternal postnatal depression.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Penggunaan daya tindak negatif di kalangan atlet Malaysia

Parnabas VA, Mahamood Y

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2009;olume 23:69-78.

The purpose of this study is to identify negative coping strategies among athletes of various levels of performance (national, state, district, university and school), ethnicity (Malay, Chinese, Indian and others) and gender. Participants in this study were 908 Malaysian athletes, of which 502 were males and 406 were females. They were selected by stratified random sampling and had completed the Negative Coping Strategies questionnaire. The results show that male, district-level athletes who were of Indian ethnicity were the highest users of negative coping strategies. The results also showed that negative coping strategies enhanced performance. Contrary to previous research, the uses of negative coping strategies in this study were found to enhance performance in sport. Implications of these findings are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Maternal education and tetanus immunisation in Indonesia

Mohamed WN

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25(4):19-29.

This paper examines the influence of maternal education on the acceptance of tetanus toxoid vaccine, using data from two villages in rural Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Maternal education results in increased tetanus toxoid uptake. Irrespective of the level of formal education, correct knowledge of the function of tetanus toxoid is positively associated with the probability of using the vaccine. It is therefore recommended that health education campaign be run to provide correct information on the importance of tetanus toxoid. This study can be used as a model for health programmes in other population with low levels of women education.
Key words: Neonatal tetanus, maternal education, tetanus toxoid, binomial logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression.
Kertas ini mengkaji pengaruh pendidikan ibu ke atas penerimaan vaksin tetanus toxoid, dengan menggunakan data daripada dua buah kampung di pendalaman Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Kajian ini mendapati pendidikan ibu dapat meningkatkan kadar pengambilan tetanus toxiod. Pengetahuan yang tepat tentang kepentingan vaksin tersebut didapati mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan pengambilannya, tanpa mengira tahap pendidikan wanita. Dengan itu dicadangkan agar kempen pendidikan kesihatan dijalankan untuk menyebarkan maklumat yang jelas ten tang kepentingan tetanus toxoid. Kajian ini boleh dijadikan model bagi program kesihatan untuk populasi lain yang mempunyai tahap pendidikan wanita yang rendah.
Kata kunci: Tetanus neonatal, pendidikan ibu, tetanus toxoid, regresi logistik binomial, regresi logistik multinomial.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fecundity, fertility and survival of red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) larvae reared on sago palm

Wahizatul Afzan Azmi, Yong Kah Wai, Aisyah Abu Bakar

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1371-1375.

AISYAH ABU BAKARRed palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus has been reported as a serious pest of coconut, sago palm and date palm in many parts of the world. In Malaysia, RPW is a lethal pest of coconut in Terengganu and sago palm in Sarawak. However, very limited information about the reproductive performance of RPW is available, specifically in Malaysia. In the present study, the reproductive performance of RPW reared on sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) were studied using nine pairs of virgin RPW under laboratory conditions. The number of eggs laid and eggs viability were recorded daily until females could not produce eggs. The total number of eggs laid were 3081 and the average number of eggs deposited by a female was 342.3+0.97 eggs (ranged from 270 to 396). The percentage of hatchability was 52.4% and out of the total 1614 hatched eggs, only 118 individuals (7.3%) were survived until late instar. However, no significant differences in fecundity, hatchability and total survived larvae in different RPW pairs were observed. Females longevity was found to be strongly influenced by the number of eggs laid; the higher number of eggs laid, the shorter is the life span of the female. This study is important to understand the biological aspects of RPW, as a first step to develop effective control strategy of the pest.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Social Profiling: A Review, Taxonomy, and Challenges

Bilal M, Gani A, Lali MIU, Marjani M, Malik N

Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2019 Jul;22(7):433-450.
PMID: 31074639 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0670

Social media has taken an important place in the routine life of people. Every single second, users from all over the world are sharing interests, emotions, and other useful information that leads to the generation of huge volumes of user-generated data. Profiling users by extracting attribute information from social media data has been gaining importance with the increasing user-generated content over social media platforms. Meeting the user's satisfaction level for information collection is becoming more challenging and difficult. This is because of too much noise generated, which affects the process of information collection due to explosively increasing online data. Social profiling is an emerging approach to overcome the challenges faced in meeting user's demands by introducing the concept of personalized search while keeping in consideration user profiles generated using social network data. This study reviews and classifies research inferring users social profile attributes from social media data as individual and group profiling. The existing techniques along with utilized data sources, the limitations, and challenges are highlighted. The prominent approaches adopted include Machine Learning, Ontology, and Fuzzy logic. Social media data from Twitter and Facebook have been used by most of the studies to infer the social attributes of users. The studies show that user social attributes, including age, gender, home location, wellness, emotion, opinion, relation, influence, and so on, still need to be explored. This review gives researchers insights of the current state of literature and challenges for inferring user profile attributes using social media data.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Perkahwinan remaja: satu kajian di Kuching, Sarawak

Nor Jana S, Suini L, Fatimah A, Noremy Md A

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:47-61.

Commonly, teenage marriage affects schooling and being gainfully employed to support the family in later life. Most studies focused on the effects of marriage at the young age. However, less research is focusing on the experience of marriage from the perspective of the teenagers who get married at the teen age. This article aims to answer the following questions: (1) what are the experiences of teenage marriages, and (2) what are their views on teenage marriage. The article is based on semi-structured interviews with seven girls recruited by snowball technique, aged 15 to 23 years, married and living in Kuching, Sarawak. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis. Seven themes emerged on marriage experiences: being independent, nourishing patience, maintaining social boundaries, developing responsible behaviour, being inspired, staying positive and doubting their ability as a husband or wife. Moreover, four main themes described informants' views on teenage marriage: to avoid immorality, immaturity, making decisions wisely and accountability. It can be concluded that a person who gets married at the teen age is in need of help from various parties, especially parents and friends as well as community not to be stigmatized for being married at the teen age.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Perbandingan tahap kualiti hidup bagi warga emas yang mendapatkan perkhidmatan di pusat aktiviti warga emas (PAWE) di kawasan bandar dan luar bandar

Sarin J, Khadijah A, Mohd Suhaimi M

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:82-90.

The quality of life is an indicator of well-being that is seen as important in the establishment of policies to improve the welfare of senior citizens. The establishment of the Elderly Activity Center (PAWE) in urban and rural areas throughout Malaysia is one of the government's initiatives in preparation to be an old country by 2030. Nevertheless, since the establishment of PAWE in 2001, there has been scarce research about services provided to senior citizens at PAWE. Therefore, this study is conducted to identify level of quality of life among senior citizens at PAWE in urban and rural areas. The survey was conducted on 156 respondents in four PAWE locations namely PAWE Sungai Buloh, PAWE Cheras, PAWE Jenjarom and PAWE Sabak Bernam. The data were collected by using Older People Quality of Life (OPQOL-35) questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) by using descriptive analysis to identify the quality of life according to the respondents' demographic information. The results showed that the quality of life among urban respondents were higher than rural respondents, quality of life of male respondents were higher than female respondents while the quality of life among Chinese respondents was higher than Malay and Indian respondents. For the quality of life according to age, respondents aged 71 to 80 years were higher in qulity of life level than respondents aged 60 to 70 years and 81 to 90 years. This study is expected to give impact on the awareness to concerned parties about the advantages of community-based activity center which can increase the qualilty of life among elderly.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Muslim female healthcare personnel dress code: a proposed guideline

Saidun, S., Akhmetova, E., Awang Abd Rahman, A.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(2):57-70.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The struggle of Muslim women to comply with Islamic teaching while working in the healthcare sector has been a long-standing issue. Following the case of a Muslim nurse who was allegedly fired for non-adherence to the short-sleeve uniform rule, the Malaysian Muslim Consumers Association highlighted the need for a uniform guideline to prevent similar instances. Yet, no guideline has been issued to date. Materials and Methods: This conceptual study employed library research method to gather relevant materials. Library research was able to retrieve guidelines from seven Muslim-minority countries but none from Muslim-majority countries. Document analysis of the materials gathered was undertaken. The different guidelines were compared, with special reference to awrah-related issues. Results: Several major issues that healthcare personnel dress code considers are the safety, health, cleanliness, and comfort for both patients and healthcare personnel. Islamic dressing requirement is not only in line with clinical practice but Islam also highly promotes maintenance of safety, health, cleanliness, and comfort. The widely adopted ‘bare below the elbows (BBE) policy is the only practice that may contradict Islamic rules. However, some healthcare institutions in Muslim-minority countries allow modifications of uniform rules on religious grounds; some of the modifications are not observed in Muslim-majority countries. When providing direct patient care that requires BBE, the use of disposable over-sleeves is a good alternative to adhere to both clinical and Islamic standards. Conclusion: Healthcare personnel dress code policy that is concordant to both clinical and Islamic standards is possible although it may require greater resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext The efficacy of art therapy on mental health outcomes among breast cancer patients: the current state of evidence based on randomised controlled trials

Azmawati M.N., Boekhtiar B., Zawiah M., Siti Aisah M., Chiew W.L., Dalila R.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(2):71-82.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Psychosocial distress, in the forms of depression and anxiety, regularly accompanies breast cancer diagnosis and throughout its treatment. Hence, it is important to objectively assess the therapy options that may help this distress. One of the most flexible psychotherapy modalities is the art therapy as it may be incorporated in many settings. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the efficacy of art therapy (via creative paintings) on the mental health outcomes of female breast cancer patients. Material and Methods: Related articles were identified from Medline (OvidSP), ScienceDirect, Pubmed, EbscoHost-Academic Search Premier and Wiley Online Library. Screenings were performed based on the criteria that the study must be a randomised control trial (RCT) that investigated the effect of art therapy in breast cancer. Data were extracted using standardised forms, followed by evaluation of quality of reporting using CONSORT Guidelines. Results: Six RCTs were identified. Based on the heuristic synthesis of data extraction results, none of the studies can be considered as studies with acceptable quality, although four of them showed promising results. Conclusion: There is inconclusive evidence of the efficacy of art therapy (via creative paintings) for the improvement of mental health outcomes among female breast cancer patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Perbezaan kecemerlangan pelajar dari perspektif pengurusan masa, keputusan akademik terdahulu dan jantina

Hamdan A, Nasir R, Khairudin R, Wan Shahrazad WS

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2015;olume 29:39-51.

The purpose of this study was to examine and identify whether factors such as previous academic result (SPM), gender and time management could determine differences among students, based on academic performance or grade point average (GPA). A total of 551 undergraduate students from four universities participated in the study. Students with a GPA of 3.50 or greater significantly differed in their level of time management than those with a GPA of less than 2.50. In terms of gender, female students were found to have higher GPA than male students. However, students enrolled with excellent SPM result did not differ significantly in term of their GPA from students enrolled with low SPM result. Results from ANOVA and t-test showed that time management and gender, not previous academic result, were the important factors to distinguish students with low or high academic performance. The implication of this study showed that academic excellence among undergraduates did not rely solely on previous academic result, but the role of time management and gender did play significant factors in distinguishing high achievers vs low achievers.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Kecerdasan emosi sosial kemahiran penyesuaian diri dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah

Lailawati Madlan E, Abdul Adib A, Chua BS, Ferlis Bullare B, Jasmine Adela M, Rosnah I

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:47-57.

Social emotional intelligence, a combination between emotion and social intelligence, is a very important aspect of one's self. It is divided into five components which is intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptation and general mood. Social emotional intelligence directly affects the behavior, emotion and decision making of an individual. Secondary school students are a group of early teenager and still in the process of identity formation. Therefore, it is important to know the social emotional intelligence of adaptability skills especially among school students as it has long-term impact on their performance. The main objective of this study is to examine the social emotional intelligence scores among high school students in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The sample in this study consisted of Form One to Form Six students from various schools around Kota Kinabalu. A set of questionnaire used in this study is The Emotional Quotient Inventory Youth Version (EQ-i: YV) designed by Bar-On and Parker (2000) contains 60 questions with four likert scale. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 24.0. The results of this study showed that the social emotional intelligence as a whole is at a moderate level. Meanwhile, there are differences in adaptability skills between male and female students, where the mean score for male students is higher than female students. As for the implication, related parties such as ministries of education, parents and the community can obtain relevant information for the purpose of implementation of programs and activities to enhance emotional intelligence and adaptability skills that are appropriate to the current generation Z.

Matched MeSH terms: Female
Fulltext Correlates of stress among female adolescents

Fam JY, Siti Nor Y

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:126-135.

Excessive stress during adolescence might contribute to various problems. Given that female adolescents tend to perceive more stress than male adolescents, the present study aimed to determine the relationships between parent-adolescent relationship, prosocial behaviour, academic self-efficacy, and stress among female adolescents in Malacca, Malaysia. Participants of the present study are 235 female school-going adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years old. Results of Pearson correlation analysis revealed that parent-adolescent relationship, prosocial behaviour, and academic self-efficacy were negatively correlated with stress. Additionally, all the three independent variables significantly predicted stress among female adolescents, where parent-adolescent relationship was the strongest predictor of stress. In essence, female adolescents who reported more positive relationship with parent, higher prosocial behaviour, and higher academic self-efficacy tend to have lower stress. The current findings highlight the significant role of parents and individual factors in combating stress among female adolescents. Parents should maintain affectionate relationship with their female adolescent-aged children. Related authorities as well as parents can help promote prosocial behaviour and academic selfefficacy among adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Female

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