Displaying publications 261 - 280 of 661 in total

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  1. Convergence in CO 2 emissions, carbon footprint and ecological footprint: evidence from OECD countries
    Solarin SA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 Feb;26(6):6167-6181.
    PMID: 30617875 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3993-8
    The aim of this paper is to augment the existing literature on convergence of CO2 emissions, by adding carbon footprint per capita and ecological footprint per capita to the convergence debate. We use the residual augmented least squares regression to examine the stochastic convergence of the environmental indices in 27 OECD countries. Furthermore, in contrast to the previous studies which mainly used the conventional beta-convergence approach to examine conditional convergence, we use a beta-convergence method that is capable of identifying the actual number of countries that contribute to conditional convergence. The sigma-convergence of the environmental indices is also examined. The results suggest that conditional convergence exists in 12 countries for CO2 emissions per capita, 15 countries for carbon footprint per capita and also 13 countries for ecological footprint per capita. There is evidence for sigma-convergence for all the three indicators. The policy implications of the results are discussed in the body of the paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  2. Calculating carbon emissions from personal travelling: insights from a top-down analysis of key calculators
    Bekaroo G, Roopowa D, Zakari A, Niemeier D
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Feb;28(7):8853-8872.
    PMID: 33078355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11179-z
    Personal travelling unfavourably contributes to the emissions of greenhouse gases, which adversely causes long-term damage to the climate. In order to reduce the associated negative impacts of such activities on the environment, there is a wide consensus that enhancements and innovations in the efficiency of vehicles will not be enough, but behavioural changes are needed. For this, individuals should be able to measure their travel-related carbon emissions, and such emissions could be determined by using personal carbon footprint calculators, which proliferated during the previous decade. However, various research questions related to such calculators are yet to be answered in published literature. As such, this paper investigates how key transport-based calculators account for emissions from personal transport-related activities following a top-down analysis. In this endeavour, ten such calculators are investigated through a set of formulated research questions to analyse their scope, calculation approach used, transparency, consistency of results, communication methods utilized and platform differences. Results revealed that the calculators have varying granularity, have limited transparency, provide significantly inconsistent results in some cases and are not fully engaging end users. Based on limitations identified, recommendations have been proposed through a taxonomy to guide policy-makers towards improving such tools.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  3. Natural disasters and Malaysian economic growth: policy reforms for disasters management
    Qureshi MI, Yusoff RM, Hishan SS, Alam AF, Zaman K, Rasli AM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2019 May;26(15):15496-15509.
    PMID: 30937745 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04866-z
    The natural catastrophic events largely damage the country's sustainability agenda through massive human fatalities and infrastructure destruction. Although it is partially supported the economic growth through the channel of "Schumpeter creative destruction" hypothesis, however, it may not be sustained in the long-run. This study examined the long-run and causal relationships between natural disasters (i.e., floods, storm, and epidemic) and per capita income by controlling FDI inflows and foreign aid in the context of Malaysia, during the period of 1965-2016. The study employed time series cointegration technique, i.e., autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that flood, storm, and epidemic disasters substantially decrease the country's per capita income, while FDI inflows and foreign aid largely supported the country's economic growth in the short-run. These results are disappeared in the long-run, where flood and storm disasters exhibit the positive association with the economic growth to support the Schumpeter creative destruction hypothesis. The foreign aid decreases the per capita income and does not maintain the "aid-effectiveness" hypotheses in a given country. The causality estimates confirmed the disaster-led growth hypothesis, as the causality estimates running from (i) storm to per capita income, (ii) epidemic to per capita income, and (iii) storm to foreign aid. The results emphasized for making disaster action plans to reduce human fatalities and infrastructure for sustainable development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  4. Drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) situation in primary schools of Pakistan: the impact of WASH-related interventions and policy on children school performance
    Ahmed J, Wong LP, Chua YP, Hydrie MZI, Channa N
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Jan;29(1):1259-1277.
    PMID: 34355319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15681-w
    The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals include the target of ensuring access to water and sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for all; however, very few studies have assessed comprehensive school WASH service in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to identify WASH services in primary schools of Pakistan, and to assess how recent WASH interventions and policies are associated with the school's academic performance. A representative cross-sectional study was conducted in primary schools in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Structured observations and interviews were done to ascertain the schools' WASH conditions. The primary exposures of interest were the implementation of previous WASH interventions and National WASH policy in the school and the WASH coverage. Outcomes of interest included WASH conditions and school performance. The structural equation modeling (SEM) using a bootstrap resampling procedure was employed to characterize how WASH exposures were associated with WASH conditions and school performance. Data were collected from 425 schools. The Basic WASH facilities coverage in the primary schools of Sindh remains overall low according to WHO WASH service ladder criteria. Also, inconsistency in all three inclusive domains of WASH (availability, accessibility, and functionality) facilities were found. The school performance was significantly associated (P<0.001) with the presence of WASH interventions and/or WASH policy, while WASH policy and/or recent WASH intervention at the school were not associated with overall water quality. Our assessment unveiled several WASH gaps that exist, including high heavy metal and fecal contamination. Adoption of national WASH policy and financing of evidence-based WASH interventions are recommended in primary schools to improve educational outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  5. Interface between energy consumption, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and macroeconomic openness in financial action task force countries through the lens of a causality approach
    Pradhan RP, Arvin M, Nair MS, Bennett S, Hall JH
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Feb;30(9):24256-24283.
    PMID: 36334209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23641-1
    There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the key drivers of global warming. Rising CO2 emissions across the globe have been traced back to increasing global trade and rapid industrial development powered by fossil fuels. High CO2 emissions have had an adverse effect on the quality of life and economic growth of communities across the globe. In this study, the Granger causality approach is used to examine scientifically some causal relationships between energy consumption, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and key macroeconomic variables (trade openness and foreign direct investment) in the panel of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) countries. FATF countries are signatories to agreements to adhere to good financial practices to ensure sustainable development of their economies. The empirical analysis was conducted for the period 1980 to 2020. Results indicate a strong endogenous relationship between the variables in the short and long run. The analysis suggests that careful co-curation of economic, trade, energy, foreign direct investment, and environmental management policies is needed to ensure sustainable economic development in the FATF countries. Global trade and foreign direct investment policies must foster new environmental-friendly industries and greater use of clean renewable energy among these countries. Note: Arrows indicate direction of possible causal links between the variables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
  6. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels
    Romanello M, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, et al.
    Lancet, 2022 Nov 05;400(10363):1619-1654.
    PMID: 36306815 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01540-9
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  7. Quantifying an influence of green credit on digital technology innovation: financial perspective of a China's case study
    Ke W, Lu S
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Apr;30(17):49744-49759.
    PMID: 36781669 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25691-5
    This paper examines the impact of green credit (GC) on digital technology innovation based on Chinese enterprises using panel data from 1990 to 2016. The study collected panel data from the 40 Chinese firms listed on the Beijing and Wuhan stock markets. Manufacturing companies were selected because they mainly contribute to green credit from pre- and post-policy periods. First, in the "two high and one surplus" sectors, the application of China's Green Credit 2012 could significantly increase total factor digital technology innovation by 1.21%. Results show a considerable drop in the variable values of digital technology innovation, 61.3%; green credit policy, 10.45%; leverage, 21.0%; and green innovation, 85.4%. The results of the absolute value of standard error after matching is much lower than 20.0%, demonstrating that the variable features of the two sets of samples are similar. In conclusion, GC's impact on the FDI of capital was asymmetrical, reflecting various impacts on businesses with various types of property rights and sizes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  8. Does foreign aid affect innovation and institutional quality in middle-income countries?
    Pradhan RP, Arvin MB, Nair MS, Bennett SE
    Eval Program Plann, 2023 Oct;100:102340.
    PMID: 37402334 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102340
    In this study, we explore the dynamics between innovation, institutional quality, and foreign-aid flows in middle-income countries. Using an appropriate econometric model, we investigate the links between these variables in 79 middle-income countries (MICs) over 2005-2020. The results from our study show that foreign aid, institutional quality, and innovation have strong endogenous relationships. The short-run outcomes show that innovation Granger-causes institutional quality; foreign aid Granger-causes innovation; and quality of institutions Granger-causes foreign aid. The long-run outcomes indicate that institutional quality and innovation significantly affect the flow of foreign aid to the MICs. These results indicate that policy-makers in both foreign aid donor and recipient countries should pursue appropriate policies on foreign aid, quality of institutions, and innovation. For instance, in the short run, planners and evaluators in donor countries can direct their aid to MICs that have persistent challenges in improving their institutions and enhancing their innovative capabilities. In the long run, recipient countries ought to recognize that their institutional quality and innovation have a considerable impact on the inflows of foreign aid to their countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  9. Fulltext E-Cigarette Markets and Policy Responses in Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review
    van der Eijk Y, Tan Ping Ping G, Ong SE, Tan Li Xin G, Li D, Zhang D, et al.
    Int J Health Policy Manag, 2022 Sep 01;11(9):1616-1624.
    PMID: 33906338 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2021.25
    BACKGROUND: The global e-cigarette market has proliferated and is increasingly dominated by transnational tobacco companies. While Southeast Asian countries have received relatively little attention in e-cigarette research, the region represents an area of potentially untapped growth for the industry. We review the e-cigarette situation in Southeast Asia in terms of the e-cigarette markets, advertising and promotion of e-cigarettes, reported health impacts of e-cigarette use, and policy responses in the region.

    METHODS: We examined e-cigarette market data from the Euromonitor Global Market Information Database (GMID) Passport database, searched in the academic literature, grey literature and news archives for any reports or studies of e-cigarette related diseases or injuries, e-cigarette marketing, and e-cigarette policy responses in Southeast Asian countries, and browsed the websites of online e-cigarette retailers catering to the region's active e-cigarette markets.

    RESULTS: In 2019, e-cigarettes were sold in six Southeast Asian markets with a total market value of $595 million, projected to grow to $766 million by 2023. E-commerce is a significant and growing sales channel in the region, with most of the popular or featured brands in online shops originating from China. Southeast Asian youth are targeted with a wide variety of flavours, trendy designs and point of sale promotions, and several e-cigarette related injuries and diseases have been reported in the region. Policy responses vary considerably between countries, ranging from strict bans to no or partial regulations.

    CONCLUSION: Although Southeast Asia's e-cigarette market is relatively nascent, this is likely to change if transnationals invest more heavily in the region. Populous countries with weak e-cigarette regulations, notably Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines, are desirable targets for the transnationals. Regulatory action is needed to prevent e-cigarette use from becoming entrenched into these societies, especially among young people.

    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  10. COVID-19 and migrants: lessons for pandemic preparedness from the Malaysian experience
    Verghis S
    Global Health, 2023 Nov 27;19(1):92.
    PMID: 38012736 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-023-00988-9
    BACKGROUND: Aligning with global evidence related to migrants and COVID-19, the pandemic highlighted and exposed long-standing structural inequities in the context of migrant populations in Malaysia who experienced a disproportionate level of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 morbidity, as well as exacerbated precarity during COVID-19 owing to disruptions to their livelihoods, health, and life.

    MAIN BODY: Focusing on COVID-19 and migrant workers in Malaysia, this review addresses two research queries: (i) what are the policy responses of the government toward migrants with regard to COVID-19? (ii) what are the lessons learned from the Malaysian experience of COVID-19 and migrants that can inform pandemic preparedness, especially regarding migrant health policy? The review used Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework refined by Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien. In addition to the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases, and Malaysian English language newspapers, including the Malay Mail, Malaysiakini, and the New Straits Times, the search also included reports from the websites of government ministries and departments, such as the Immigration Department, Ministry of Human Resources, Ministry of Health, and the International Trade and Industry Ministry.

    CONCLUSION: Using the case example of Malaysia and the policy approach toward migrant populations in Malaysia during the height of the COVID pandemic in 2020 and 2021, this paper unravels complex pathways and inter-linkages between the contexts of migration and health which coalesced to engender and exacerbate vulnerability to disease and ill-health for the migrant workers. The lack of coordination and coherence in policies addressing migrant workers during the pandemic, the normalization of cheap and disposable labor in neoliberal economic regimes, and the securitization of migration were key factors contributing to the failure of migration policies to provide protection to migrant workers during COVID-19. The review suggests that policy approaches embodying the principles of Health in All Policies, a whole-of-society approach, and the promotion of safe, just, and regular migration, predicated on equity and inclusion, are integral to a comprehensive and effective response to pandemics such as COVID-19.

    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  11. Fulltext Socioeconomic shocks, social protection and household food security amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Africa's largest economy
    Osabohien RA, Jaaffar AH, Ibrahim J, Usman O, Igharo AE, Oyekanmi AA
    PLoS One, 2024;19(1):e0293563.
    PMID: 38252674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293563
    Africa has been known to experience series of problems among which are poverty, food insecurity, lack of access to energy, lack of infrastructure among others. These problems were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a severe impact on the socioeconomic status of households in Africa. This paper examines the relationship between socioeconomic shocks, social protection, and household food security during the pandemic in Nigeria, the Africa's largest economy. Using the World Bank's COVID-19 national longitudinal baseline phone survey (2020) for the analysis and applied the multinomial logit regression, the study finds that socioeconomic shocks resulting from the pandemic have led to an increased level of food insecurity. Social protection programmes have played a crucial role in mitigating the impact of these shocks on households. However, the study also highlights the need for more targeted and effective social protection policies to ensure that vulnerable households are adequately protected from the adverse effects of the pandemic. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and stakeholders in Africa's largest economy, as they seek to address the challenges posed by the pandemic and promote household food security for the actualisation the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of food and nutrition security (SDG2). The study, therefore, recommends that efforts be made to preserve food supply chains by mitigating the pandemic's effect on food systems, increasing food production, and looking forward beyond the pandemic by building resilient food systems with the use of social protection interventions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
  12. Reducing intervention- and research-induced inequalities to tackle the digital divide in health promotion
    König LM, Krukowski RA, Kuntsche E, Busse H, Gumbert L, Gemesi K, et al.
    Int J Equity Health, 2023 Dec 04;22(1):249.
    PMID: 38049789 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02055-6
    Social inequalities are an important contributor to the global burden of disease within and between countries. Using digital technology in health promotion and healthcare is seen by some as a potential lever to reduce these inequalities; however, research suggests that digital technology risks re-enacting or evening widening disparities. Most research on this digital health divide focuses on a small number of social inequality indicators and stems from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries. There is a need for systematic, international, and interdisciplinary contextualized research on the impact of social inequality indicators in digital health as well as the underlying mechanisms of this digital divide across the globe to reduce health disparities. In June 2023, eighteen multi-disciplinary researchers representing thirteen countries from six continents came together to discuss current issues in the field of digital health promotion and healthcare contributing to the digital divide. Ways that current practices in research contribute to the digital health divide were explored, including intervention development, testing, and implementation. Based on the dialogue, we provide suggestions for overcoming barriers and improving practices across disciplines, countries, and sectors. The research community must actively advocate for system-level changes regarding policy and research to reduce the digital divide and so improve digital health for all.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  13. Green finance and environmental, social, and governance: evidence from Chinese listed companies
    Wu J, Liew CY
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Nov;30(51):110499-110514.
    PMID: 37792189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30139-x
    In recent years, academics have paid more attention to green finance, and public companies have reached a broad consensus on the concept of timely environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure. Due to the close relationship between green finance and ESG, this presents an opportunity to determine whether green finance compels companies to actively disclose ESG. The sample for this study consists of China's non-financial A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021, and the empirical findings demonstrate that green finance can positively influence the ESG performance of listed companies. Through an analysis of heterogeneity, this study reaches the following conclusions: state-owned enterprises, heavy pollution companies, and companies in low-carbon pilot cities perform better in terms of green finance's role in promoting ESG scoring. This study also introduces market concentration and social trust as the moderating variables, enriching the green finance research framework. Through the analysis of moderating variables, the 'black box' effect of green finance on ESG is disclosed, providing theoretical support for the government and companies to better comprehend the policy effect as well as a reference for reform and experimental promotion of green finance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Policy
  14. Fulltext Recognize fish as food in policy discourse and development funding
    Bennett A, Basurto X, Virdin J, Lin X, Betances SJ, Smith MD, et al.
    Ambio, 2021 May;50(5):981-989.
    PMID: 33454882 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01451-4
    The international development community is off-track from meeting targets for alleviating global malnutrition. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines that fish plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, this 'fish as food' perspective has yet to translate into policy and development funding priorities. We argue that the traditional framing of fish as a natural resource emphasizes economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives, whereas situating fish within a food systems perspective can lead to innovative policies and investments that promote nutrition-sensitive and socially equitable capture fisheries and aquaculture. This paper highlights four pillars of research needs and policy directions toward this end. Ultimately, recognizing and working to enhance the role of fish in alleviating hunger and malnutrition can provide an additional long-term development incentive, beyond revenue generation and biodiversity conservation, for governments, international development organizations, and society more broadly to invest in the sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  15. Fulltext Effectiveness of Epidemic Preventive Policies and Hospital Strategies in Combating COVID-19 Outbreak in Taiwan
    Tan TW, Tan HL, Chang MN, Lin WS, Chang CM
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Mar 26;18(7).
    PMID: 33810438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073456
    (1) Background: The implementation of effective control measures in a timely fashion is crucial to control the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to analyze the control measures implemented during the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as evaluating the responses and outcomes at different phases for epidemic control in Taiwan. (2) Methods: This case study reviewed responses to COVID-19 and the effectiveness of a range of control measures implemented for epidemic control in Taiwan and assessed all laboratory-confirmed cases between 11 January until 20 December 2020, inclusive of these dates. The confirmation of COVID-19 infection was defined as the positive result of a reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction test taken from a nasopharyngeal swab. Test results were reported by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. The incidence rate, mortality rate, and testing rate were compiled, and the risk ratio was provided to gain insights into the effectiveness of prevention measures. (3) Results and Discussion: This study presents retrospective data on the COVID-19 incidence rate in Taiwan, combined with the vital preventive control measures, in a timeline of the early stage of the epidemic that occurred in Taiwan. The implementation of multiple strategy control measures and the assistance of technologies to control the COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan led to a relatively slower trend in the outbreak compared to the neighboring countries. In Taiwan, 766 confirmed patients were included, comprised of 88.1% imported cases and 7.2% local transmission cases, within the studied period. The incidence rate of COVID-19 in Taiwan during the studied period was 32 per million people, with a mortality rate of 0.3 per million people. Our analysis showed a significantly raised incidence risk ratio in the countries of interest in comparison to Taiwan during the study period; in the range of 1.9 to 947.5. The outbreak was brought under control through epidemic policies and hospital strategies implemented by the Taiwan Government. (4) Conclusion: Taiwan's preventive strategies resulted in a drastically lower risk for Taiwan nationals of contracting COVID-19 when new pharmaceutical drug or vaccines were not yet available. The preventive strategies employed by Taiwan could serve as a guide and reference for future epidemic control strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  16. How marine tourism promote financial development in sustainable economy: new evidences from South Asia and implications to future tourism students
    Li L, Wu B, Patwary AK
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Jan;29(1):1155-1172.
    PMID: 34350576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15709-1
    The ocean economy and marine tourism policies are global economic concerns being looked at from a deeply holistic viewpoint. For South Asian countries, the ocean economy and marine tourism have successive socio-economic importance. The quantification of the ocean economy and marine tourism also poses some major challenges, and these challenges pose limitations for policymaking by the government and other relevant agencies. The study has used the newly developed hidden panel cointegration test, and the nonlinear panel autoregressive distributed lag (NPARDL) model for a relationship between economic growth and tourism is assessed. This study offers consistent and reliable results of cointegration by incorporating the findings of four approaches to cointegration. The empirical results illustrate the asymmetric relationship between ocean and marine tourism and economic growth. The findings showed that 1% increase in long-term tourism economic growth is adjusted by 2.95% annually. This research paper aims to provide a policy related to South Asia's economic activities and ocean and marine tourism economic significance. Protecting local marine protected areas (MPAs) will improve the economic benefits of the ocean and the marine economy. The policy suggests that there should be a law ensuring that marine tourism is of high quality and environment friendly. This paper provides a guideline for further research with a strong emphasis on ocean- and marine-related economic development and tourism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  17. Fulltext Supporting health education policies: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a health literacy instrument, in French
    Clément C, Lvovschi VE, Verot E, du Sartz de Vigneulles B, Darlington-Bernard A, Bourgeois D, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2023;11:1326771.
    PMID: 38179573 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326771
    BACKGROUND: Oral health is a fundamental human right and is inseparable and indivisible from overall health and well-being. Oral Health Literacy (OHL) has been proved to be fundamental to promoting oral health and reducing oral health inequalities. To our knowledge, no OHL instrument to evaluate OHL level is currently validated in French language despite the fact it is the fifth most widely spoken languages on the planet. The Oral health literacy Instrument (OHLI) appears to be the most interesting OHL instrument to adapt into French because it is already available in English, Spanish, Russian, Malaysian, and it contains both reading comprehension and numeracy sections. Its psychometric properties have been rated as adequate.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate and adapt cross-culturally the OHLI into French, to evaluate its psychometric properties and to compare its results to oral health knowledge.

    METHOD: This study followed and applied well-established processes of translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation, based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization guidelines and on the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) study design checklist for patient-reported outcomes. Two psychometric assessments were planned, the comparison of OHLI-F scores according to education level and frequency of dental visits, and the test-retest reliability of the OHLI-F.

    RESULTS: A total of 284 participants answered the OHLI-F. The OHLI-F scores were significantly different between participants with different levels of education and frequency of dental visits (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  18. Enhancing Sustainability in Healthcare Delivery-A Challenge to the New Malaysia
    Ahmad D
    Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Jan;26(1):1-4.
    PMID: 30914889 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.1.1
    There have been substantial improvements in the health indicators since Malaysia achieved independence. These were accomplished through strong primary healthcare services addressing maternal and paediatric health, as well as the successful control of communicable diseases. The rate of decline in the mortality statistics has been at a virtual standstill, or at best, almost plateaued since 2000. However, with the plethora of national health issues at both the policy and delivery levels, we cannot continue on with 'business as usual'. Therefore, we must strategise effective and practical approaches to a renewed and revamped national healthcare services for a modern 'New Malaysia' that are compatible with our quest toward the status of a 'truly developed' nation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  19. A Causal Relationship of Occupational Stress among University Employees
    Kaewanuchit C, Muntaner C, Isha N
    Iran J Public Health, 2015 Jul;44(7):931-8.
    PMID: 26576371
    Occupational stress is a psychosocial dimension of occupational health concept on social determinants of health, especially, job & environmental condition. Recently, staff network of different government universities of Thailand have called higher education commission, and Ministry of Education, Thailand to resolve the issue of government education policy (e.g. wage inequity, poor welfare, law, and job & environment condition) that leads to their job insecurity, physical and mental health problems from occupational stress. The aim of this study was to investigate a causal relationship of occupational stress among the academic university employees.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  20. Fulltext Sanitation, water, energy use, and traffic volume affect environmental quality: Go-for-green developmental policies
    Khalil L, Abbas S, Hussain K, Zaman K, Iswan, Salamun H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2022;17(8):e0271017.
    PMID: 36026488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271017
    Carbon emissions are primarily the result of human activity in urban areas. Inadequate sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, nonrenewable energy, and high traffic congestion have all impacted the natural ecosystem. Using data from 1975 to 2019, the study assessed the impact of the aforementioned variables on Pakistan's carbon emissions in light of this crucial fact. The ARDL cointegration method was used to estimate the short- and long-run parameter estimates. Urban sanitation challenges and energy consumption increase carbon emissions, which affects the natural environment by raising a country's carbon intensity. Economic expansion confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth to verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In contrast, the monotonically rising function of carbon emissions provides evidence of the nation's economic development in the short run. Access to clean drinking water improves population health and encourages the purchase of eco-friendly products. The government must improve sanitation services and use renewable energy sources to enhance air quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
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