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  1. Primary torsion of the greater omentum
    Gul YA, Jabbar MF, Moissinac K
    Acta Chir. Belg., 2001 Nov-Dec;101(6):312-4.
    PMID: 11868511
    Primary or idiopathic greater omental torsion remains a rare cause of acute surgical abdomen in adults and children. The aetiology is as yet unknown and the treatment of choice, once diagnosis is established, is resection of the torted omentum. We report our experience with three such cases encountered over the last five years, two of which were diagnosed and subsequently managed laparoscopically. The performance of diagnostic laparoscopy for acute abdominal pain of an undetermined origin may lead to an increased detection of this condition and subsequent therapeutic intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Omentum/blood supply*
  2. Fulltext The prevalence of HIV positive antenatal mothers in a routine screening programme in two states
    Japaraj RP, Sivalingam N
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56(2):180-5.
    PMID: 11771078
    This is a retrospective study of the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive mothers in two states in Malaysia i.e., Perak and Negeri Sembilan since the introduction of the HIV screening programme in antenatal mothers. The study period was from 1/9/97 to 1/9/99. A total of 29 HIV positive antenatal mothers were detected (21 from Perak and 8 from Negeri Sembilan) throughout the study period. Out of the 21 HIV positive mothers from Perak, 8 (38%) were foreign nationals whereas only 1 (12%) out of the 8 from Negeri Sembilan was a foreign national. The main risk factor identified in both the groups was multiple sexual partners. The vertical transmission rates for the patients from Perak were 14.2% and 37.5% in Negeri Sembilan. There was no significant short-term adverse obstetric outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/blood
  3. WHO plans to improve training for blood-bank personnel
    AIDS Policy Law, 2001 Oct 26;16(20):3.
    PMID: 11692478
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Banks/manpower*
  4. Risk factors and incident coronary heart disease in Chinese, Malay and Asian Indian males: the Singapore Cardiovascular Cohort Study
    Lee J, Heng D, Chia KS, Chew SK, Tan BY, Hughes K
    Int J Epidemiol, 2001 Oct;30(5):983-8.
    PMID: 11689508
    OBJECTIVE: This prospective study in Singapore investigated the relationships of established coronary risk factors with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) for Chinese, Malay, and Asian Indian males.

    SUBJECTS: A cohort (consisting of 2879 males without diagnosed CHD) derived from three previous cross-sectional surveys.

    METHODS: Individual baseline data were linked to registry databases to obtain the first event of CHD. Hazard ratios (HR) or relative risks for risk factors were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards model with adjustment for age and ethnic group and adjustment for age, ethnic group and all other risk factors (overall adjusted).

    RESULTS: There were 24,986 person-years of follow-up. The overall adjusted HR with 95% CI are presented here. Asian Indians were at greatest risk of CHD, compared to Chinese (3.0; 2.0-4.8) and Malays (3.4; 1.9-3.3). Individuals with hypertension (2.4; 1.6-2.7) or diabetes (1.7; 1.1-2.7) showed a higher risk of CHD. High low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (1.5; 1.0-2.1), high fasting triglyceride (1.5; 0.9-2.6) and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.3; 0.9-2.0) showed a lesser but still increased risk. Alcohol intake was protective with non-drinkers having an increased risk of CHD (1.8; 1.0-3.3). Obesity (body mass index > or =30) showed an increased risk (1.8; 0.6-5.4). An increased risk of CHD was found in cigarette smokers of > or =20 pack years (1.5; 0.9-2.5) but not with lesser amounts.

    CONCLUSIONS: The increased susceptibility of Asian Indian males to CHD has been confirmed in a longitudinal study. All of the examined established risk factors for CHD were found to play important but varying roles in the ethnic groups in Singapore.

    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/blood
  5. Fulltext Serum lipids and their relationship with other coronary risk factors in healthy subjects in a city clinic
    Khoo KL, Tan H, Liew YM
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Mar;52(1):38-52.
    PMID: 10968052
    Over a thousand subjects who visited a city private medical clinic for health screening and advice were examined for their lipid profile and other cardiovascular risk factors. The mean TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were 5.43, 1.45, 3.61 and 1.15 mmol/l. Their derived ratios viz, TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C were 5.11 and 3.43 respectively. The prevalence of hyperlipidaemia was moderately high. Of the subjects studied 58.5% had elevated serum cholesterol, 14.8% had raised triglycerides, 64.9% had raised LDL-C and 20.8% had low HDL-C. Male subjects generally showed higher mean values and abnormality frequency in TC, TG, LDL-C, TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C as compared to female subjects. Although significant ethnic differences were not detected for certain lipid parameters (e.g. TC, TG and HDL-C), the Indians appeared to have higher mean lipid values (except HDL-C), and higher percentage abnormality for all the lipid parameters as compared to the Chinese and the Malays. In correlation studies, the following lipid parameters:- TC versus TG, LDL-C, TC:HDL-C; TG versus TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C; LDL-C versus TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C; were positively correlated. On the other hand, TC versus HDL-C, TG versus HDL-C, LDL-C and HDL-C, and HDL-C versus TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C were negatively correlated. The coronary risk factors which generally showed positive correlations with lipid parameters were BMI and blood pressure. Positive correlations were also recorded between fasting blood glucose and TG; uric acid with TG, TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C. In contrast, risk factors of negative correlations were observed between HDL-C and the coronary risk factors of BMI, diastolic blood pressure and uric acid. Smoking showed raised per cent lipid abnormality for TG, HDL-C, TC:HDL-C and LDL:HDL-C. Alcohol consumption also increased the mean level and abnormality frequency for TG. The implication of this investigation is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
  6. Genome size variation among recent human isolates of Salmonella typhi
    Thong KL, Puthucheary SD, Pang T
    Res. Microbiol., 1997 Mar-Apr;148(3):229-35.
    PMID: 9765803
    We performed genome size estimation of 17 recent human isolates of Salmonella typhi from geographically diverse regions using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after digestion of chromosomal DNA with restriction endonucleases XbaI (5'-TCTAGA-3'), AvrII (5'-CCTAGG-3') and SpeI (5'-ACTAGT-3'), and summation of the sizes of restriction fragments obtained. All 17 isolates had circular chromosomes, and genome sizes differed by as much as 959 kb, ranging from 3,964 to 4,923 kb (mean genome size = 4,528 kb). The data obtained confirm the usefulness of PFGE in studies of bacterial genome size and are in agreement with recent results indicating considerable genetic diversity and genomic plasticity of S. typhi. The variation in genome sizes noted may be relevant to the observed biological properties of this important human pathogen, including its virulence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/blood
  7. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in Malaysian children with enteric fever
    Choo KE, Davis TM, Henry RL, Chan LP
    J Trop Pediatr, 2001 Aug;47(4):211-4.
    PMID: 11523761
    To investigate the role of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of typhoid fever, we studied 227 febrile Malaysian children hospitalized during a 12-month period. The children were: culture-positive for Salmonella typhi (Group 1; n = 108); culture-negative but with typical clinical features of typhoid fever (Group 2; n = 60); or had non-typhoidal illness (Group 3; n = 59). Group 1 children had the highest serum CRP concentrations (geometric mean [SD range]; 43 [12-150] mg/l vs. 26 [8-85] mg/l in Group 2 and 21 [4-110] mg/l in Group 3; p < 0.001). In regression analysis, age, patient group and fever duration were independently associated with serum CRP (p < 0.05) but gender was not. In Group 1 patients, there was a significant positive association between serum CRP and Widal O and H agglutinin titres. In receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of serum CRP for Groups 1 and 2 combined, compared with Group 3, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.65. These data show that the serum CRP is highest in culture-positive children with enteric fever and reflects the immune response to the infection in this group. Nevertheless, serum CRP had relatively low sensitivity and specificity for confirmed or clinically diagnosed typhoid fever (68 and 58 per cent, respectively at 'cut-off' concentration 30.0 mg/l), and an AUC value only moderately above that associated with no predictive power (0.5). Although of limited use as a primary diagnostic test, a raised serum CRP may still have a place as one of a range of features that facilitate assessment of a febrile child in a typhoid-endemic area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Typhoid Fever/blood*
  8. Fulltext The use of an in-house biotin-avidin linked immunosorbent assay to detect Aspergillus antigens in sera of immunocompromised patients
    Abdul Samad S, Yusoff H, Fadilah SAW
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):32-8.
    PMID: 11503293
    A biotin-avidin-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect Aspergillus antigens in sera of immunocompromised patients. The assay was based on a double antibody sandwich ELISA using polyclonal antibodies raised against water-soluble antigens of Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus antigens were positive in sera of 9 of 16 (56%) patients who were studied prospectively and in 13 of 73 (19%) patients studied retrospectively. The 9 prospectively studied patients who were antigen positive were febrile neutropenic hematological malignancy patients who exhibited a high risk of acquiring invasive aspergillosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Fungal/blood*
  9. Fulltext Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of a Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine with a whole-cell killed vaccine in Malaysian Air Force recruits
    Panchanathan V, Kumar S, Yeap W, Devi S, Ismail R, Sarijan S, et al.
    Bull World Health Organ, 2001;79(9):811-7.
    PMID: 11584728
    To carry out a comparative study of the safety and immunogenicity of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against whole-cell killed (WCK) typhoid vaccine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
  10. Blood lead levels of a population group not occupationally exposed to lead in Singapore
    Neo KS, Goh KT, Sam CT
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2000 Jun;31(2):295-300.
    PMID: 11127329
    A survey was conducted between 1995 and 1997 to assess the impact of introduction of unleaded petrol and other public health measures on the blood lead level of the population. The geometric mean blood lead level of 269 government employees as determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, was 66.0 microg/l, much lower than that recorded before introduction of lead-free petrol. Using multiple regression analysis, factors significantly associated with blood lead levels were: exposure to traffic, age (>50 years) and active smoking. Passive smoking, exposure to recent paint work, consumption of alcohol and traditional medicine were found not to be significantly associated with the blood lead level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lead/blood*
  11. Fulltext Distribution of blood pressure in a national sample of Malaysian adults
    Lim TO, Ding LM, Goh BL, Zaki M, Suleiman AB, Maimunah AH, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):90-107.
    PMID: 11072495 MyJurnal
    We describe the distribution of blood pressure (BP) by age, sex and ethnicity in Malaysian adults. A national sample of 21,391 individuals aged 30 or older had usable data. They were selected by stratified 2-stage cluster sampling. BP was measured using an automated oscillometric device, Visomat. Percentile tables and curves by age, sex and ethnicity are presented. The systolic and diastolic BP distribution was right skewed and showed the expected increase with age. This was markedly so in Malay and other indigenous women; as a result they had most severe hypertension.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure*
  12. Comparison of propofol and methohexitone as an induction agent in anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy
    Lim SK, Lim WL, Elegbe EO
    West Afr J Med, 1996 Oct-Dec;15(4):186-9.
    PMID: 9020593
    30 patients who received electroconvulsive therapy were anaesthetized with either Propofol or Methohexitone in a randomized cross-over study. Recovery times were shorter in those who received Propofol. The decrease in diastolic pressure after induction was greater with Propofol than with Methohexitone. There was a greater increase in the blood pressure after the electroconvulsive therapy in those who received Methohexitone. The duration of convulsion was similar for both agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  13. Interindividual variation in circulating zinc concentrations among healthy adult men and women
    Hashim Z, Woodhouse L, King JC
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 1996 Sep;47(5):383-90.
    PMID: 8889623
    Circulating zinc concentrations were measured in 73 healthy adult males and females 19-52 years of age who were volunteers for eight different metabolic studies at the University of California, Berkeley. The interindividual variation in the eight studies varied from 5 to 20%; the global coefficient of variation for all studies was 12 +/- 7% (mean +/- SD). The analysis of a reference plasma sample on six different days showed a mean coefficient of variation of 3.8%. Thus, only a small portion of the intraindividual variation is due to day-to-day analytical differences. There was no relationship between circulating zinc concentrations and age, height, or body mass index. Nor were there any significant differences due to gender. Information regarding dietary zinc and protein intakes was available from three-day weighed food intake records from 44 of the subjects. Plasma zinc concentrations were unrelated to the intake of either zinc or protein in those subjects. The results of this study show that the impact of age, gender, body size and dietary zinc or protein on circulating zinc concentrations are too small to be detected in the presence of the analytical and endogenous factors that influence plasma/serum zinc concentrations. Also, within a population of healthy adults, circulating zinc concentrations may vary by as much as 15%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zinc/blood*
  14. Fulltext Cardiovascular reactivity in Malay Moslems during Ramadan
    Husain R, Cheah SH, Duncan MT
    Singapore Med J, 1996 Aug;37(4):398-401.
    PMID: 8993142
    The investigation examined the possibility that observance of Ramadan by Moslems in Malaysia is associated with modification of circulatory parameters. Cardiovascular reactivity was investigated employing the cold hand immersion test as the stressor stimulus. Resultant data showed increased blood pressures and vascular resistance during Ramadan in the absence of cold stimulus while the magnitude of the maximal cardiac and vascular response to the applied stressor which served as indicators of reactivity was not affected by the Ramadan situation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/physiology
  15. Molecular analysis of HLA-B in the Malaysian aborigines
    Hirayama K, Zaidi AS, Lokman Hakim S, Kimura A, Ong KJ, Kikuchi M, et al.
    Tissue Antigens, 1996 Dec;48(6):692-7.
    PMID: 9008312
    We have examined 56 unrelated individuals from Malaysian aborigines for their DNA polymorphism of the HLA-B gene by sequence specific oligonucleotide probe (SSO) method. Using the SSO hybridization, we found that one specific DNA allele with a B*1513 like pattern of epitope combination (ECB1513) was dominant among the Melayu Asli (Af = 41.9%) and the Senoi (Af = 24%). To determine the nucleotide sequences of ECB1513, a DNA fragment spanning from the beginning of exon 1 to the middle of exon 4 of the HLA-B gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from two ECB1513 positive individuals, and the PCR products were cloned and sequenced. This sequencing analysis confirmed that ECB1513 was identical to HLA-B*1513 in exon 1, 2, 3, and 4. Amino acid sequence of this major allele, HLA-B*1513, in the aborigines especially around the peptide binding groove (B and F pockets), was compared with that of African B*5301 that had been suggested to confer resistance to malaria infection in Africa. The amino acid residues composing of the F pocket were completely identical in B*1513 and B*5301. These observations suggest that a common environmental factor, the malaria infection, might have independently enhanced the selection of functional change in the polymorphic portion of HLA-B gene in Africa and in South-East Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: HLA-B Antigens/blood
  16. Malaysia: damages awarded after mother infected through transfusion during pregnancy
    Elliott R
    Can HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev, 2003 Apr;8(1):77.
    PMID: 12924337
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion/adverse effects*
  17. Antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars isolated in Malaysian children
    Lee WS, Puthucheary SD, Parasakthi N, Choo KE
    J Trop Pediatr, 2003 Feb;49(1):37-41.
    PMID: 12630719
    There is widespread resistance of Salmonella species to commonly prescribed antimicrobials the world over. We aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serovar distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolated from blood cultures of Malaysian children. Positive isolates of NTS from blood cultures obtained from children admitted to the pediatric wards of University of Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), a large urban hospital from Kuala Lumpur (1991-2001), and Hospital Kota Bharu (HKB), from the predominantly rural state of Kelantan (1991-1999), Malaysia, were reviewed retrospectively. Serovar distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility were ascertained. A total of 64 and 55 isolates of NTS were obtained from blood cultures of children admitted to UMMC and HKB, respectively. The commonest serovar isolated was Salmonella enteritidis in both centers. The NTS isolated were highly sensitive to the antimicrobials tested: ampicillin 98 per cent, chloramphenicol 98 per cent, gentamicin 97 per cent, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) 98 per cent, and ceftriaxone 100 per cent in UMMC; ampicillin 100 per cent, chloramphenicol 87 per cent, kanamycin 100 per cent, streptomycin 96 per cent, TMP-SMX 93 per cent, and tetracycline 89 per cent in HKB. There were only one and five multi-resistant isolates in UMMC and HKB, respectively. In conclusion, NTS isolated from blood cultures of Malaysian children from Kuala Lumpur and Kota Bharu were highly sensitive to commonly prescribed antibiotics. We speculate that this is due to the restriction of sales of antimicrobials in Malaysia except by prescription. Continuing vigilance and frequent antmicrobial surveillance is necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salmonella Infections/blood*
  18. Improved bioavailability of vitamin E with a self emulsifying formulation
    Julianto T, Yuen KH, Noor AM
    Int J Pharm, 2000 Apr 25;200(1):53-7.
    PMID: 10845685
    A single dose study was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of a novel self-emulsifying vitamin E preparation, in comparison with that of a commercial product, Natopherol, available as soft gelatin capsules under fasted condition. The self-emulsifying preparation achieved a faster rate and higher extent of absorption. A statistically significant difference was observed between the values of the two preparations in the parameters AUC, Cmax and Tmax. Moreover, the 90% confidence interval of the logarithmic transformed AUC values of the self-emulsifying preparation over those of the soft gelatin capsule product was found to be between 2.1 and 4.1, suggesting an increase in bioavailability of between 210 and 410%. As for Cmax, the 90% confidence interval was between 2.1 and 3.0. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the t(1/2) values estimated from the plasma concentration versus time data of the two preparations. The values are also comparable to those reported in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Vitamin E/blood
  19. Fulltext The pattern of acute renal failure in Kelantan
    Zainal D, Loo CS
    Singapore Med J, 1996 Feb;37(1):44-7.
    PMID: 8783912
    Acute renal failure (ARF) has undergone many changes with advances both in diagnosis and therapy. A retrospective study covering three and a half years from June 1986 to December 1989 of adults admitted to Hospital of the University of Science Malaysia examined the various aspects of presentation of the syndrome, management and areas where improvement can be made. A total of 164 patients were included in the study. 61.6% were male and 38.4% were female. The mean age was 49.8 +/- 17.2 years with 70% of patients being more than 40 years old. The aetiologies of acute renal failure were analysed and discussed. The majority of the patients (80%) had non-oliguric acute renal failure. Oliguric acute renal failure patients have higher mortality and more frequently need dialysis. Early recognition of acute renal failure and discerning use of nephrotoxic drugs could result in decrease in incidence and severity of renal failure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Creatinine/blood
  20. Detection of circulating antigens of Parastrongylus cantonensis in human sera by sandwich ELISA with specific monoclonal antibody
    Eamsobhana P, Mak JW, Yong HS
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1995 Dec;26(4):712-5.
    PMID: 9139382
    A specific monoclonal antibody (AW-3C2) as revealed by ELISA was produced against the adult worm antigens of Parastrongylus cantonensis and used in a sandwich ELISA for the detection of circulating antigens in the sera of parastrongyliasis patients and those with other parasitic diseases. A total of 60 sera was used in this study. Of these, 10 each were from patients with parastrongyliasis, cysticercosis, filariasis, gnathostomiasis, malaria and toxocariasis. The control group consisted of 53 serum samples from normal healthy Thais and Malaysians. The mean +/- optical density (OD) values for the normal Thai and Malaysian groups were 0.126 +/- 0.028 and 0.124 +/- 0.029, respectively. The mean OD values of the parastrongyliasis patient group differed significantly from that of the normal groups as well as those of other parasitic infections. Using a cut-off point of OD +/- 3SD of the control groups as indicating a positive reading, the specificity of the assay with this monoclonal antibody was 100% while the sensitivity was 50%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Helminth/blood*
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