Displaying publications 281 - 300 of 812 in total

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  1. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin and doxorubicin in combination on the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells
    Radwan EM, Abdullah R, Al-Qubaisi MS, El Zowalaty ME, Naadja SE, Alitheen NB, et al.
    Mol Med Rep, 2016 May;13(5):3945-52.
    PMID: 26987078 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4989
    Patients with cancer often exhibit signs of anemia as the result of the disease. Thus, cancer chemotherapies often include erythropoietin (EPO) in the regime to improve the survival rate of these patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of EPO on doxorubicin-treated breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin alone or in combination with EPO against the MCF-7 and MDA-MB‑231 human breast cancer cells were determined using an MTT cell viability assay, neutral red (NR) uptake assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The estimated half maximal inhibitory concentration values for doxorubicin and the combination of doxorubicin with EPO were between 0.140 and 0.260 µg/ml for all cells treated for 72 h. Treatment with doxorubicin in combination with EPO led to no notable difference in cytotoxicity, compared with treatment with doxorubicin alone. The antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin at a concentration of 1 µg/ml on the MDA‑MB‑231 cells was demonstrated by the decrease in viable cells from 3.6x10(5) at 24 h to 2.1x10(5) at 72 h of treatment. In order to confirm apoptosis in the doxorubicin-treated cells, the activities of caspases-3/7 and ‑9 were determined using a TBE assay. The results indicated that the activities of caspases-3/7 and ‑9 were significantly elevated in the doxorubicin-treated MDA-MB-231 cells by 571 and 645%, respectively, and in the MCF 7 cells by 471 and 345%, respectively, compared with the control cells. EPO did not modify the effect of doxorubicin on these cell lines. The results of the present study suggested that EPO was safe for use in combination with doxorubicin in the treatment of patients with breast cancer and concurrent anemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  2. Fulltext Nerolidol: A Sesquiterpene Alcohol with Multi-Faceted Pharmacological and Biological Activities
    Chan WK, Tan LT, Chan KG, Lee LH, Goh BH
    Molecules, 2016 Apr 28;21(5).
    PMID: 27136520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050529
    Nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol that is present in various plants with a floral odor. It is synthesized as an intermediate in the production of (3E)-4,8-dimethy-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), a herbivore-induced volatile that protects plants from herbivore damage. Chemically, nerolidol exists in two geometric isomers, a trans and a cis form. The usage of nerolidol is widespread across different industries. It has been widely used in cosmetics (e.g., shampoos and perfumes) and in non-cosmetic products (e.g., detergents and cleansers). In fact, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also permitted the use of nerolidol as a food flavoring agent. The fact that nerolidol is a common ingredient in many products has attracted researchers to explore more medicinal properties of nerolidol that may exert beneficial effect on human health. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile and consolidate the data on the various pharmacological and biological activities displayed by nerolidol. Furthermore, this review also includes pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of nerolidol. In summary, the various pharmacological and biological activities demonstrated in this review highlight the prospects of nerolidol as a promising chemical or drug candidate in the field of agriculture and medicine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy
  3. Fulltext The Growth Inhibitory Potential and Antimetastatic Effect of Camel Urine on Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
    Romli F, Abu N, Khorshid FA, Syed Najmuddin SUF, Keong YS, Mohamad NE, et al.
    Integr Cancer Ther, 2017 12;16(4):540-555.
    PMID: 27338742 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416656051
    Although it may sound unpleasant, camel urine has been consumed extensively for years in the Middle East as it is believed to be able to treat a wide range of diseases such as fever, cold, or even cancer. People usually take it by mixing small drops with camel milk or take it directly. The project aims to study the effects of camel urine in inhibiting the growth potential and metastatic ability of 4T1 cancer cell line in vitro and in vivo. Based on the MTT result, the cytotoxicity of camel urine against 4T1 cell was established, and it was dose-dependent. Additionally, the antimetastatic potential of camel urine was tested by running several assays such as scratch assay, migration and invasion assay, and mouse aortic ring assay with promising results in the ability of camel urine to inhibit metastatic process of the 4T1 cells. In order to fully establish camel urine's potential, an in vivo study was carried out by treating mice inoculated with 4T1 cells with 2 different doses of camel urine. By the end of the treatment period, the tumor in both treated groups had reduced in size as compared to the control group. Additional assays such as the TUNEL assay, immunophenotyping, cytokine level detection assay, clonogenic assay, and proteome profiler demonstrated the capability of camel urine to reduce and inhibit the metastatic potential of 4T1 cells in vivo. To sum up, further study of anticancer properties of camel urine is justified, as evidenced through the in vitro and in vivo studies carried out. Better results were obtained at higher concentration of camel urine used in vivo. Apart from that, this project has laid out the mechanisms employed by the substance to inhibit the growth and the metastatic process of the 4T1 cell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  4. Cellular prion protein contributes to LS 174T colon cancer cell carcinogenesis by increasing invasiveness and resistance against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis
    Chieng CK, Say YH
    Tumour Biol., 2015 Sep;36(10):8107-20.
    PMID: 25983001 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3530-z
    As the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) has been implicated in carcinogenesis, we aimed to investigate the effects of cancer cell-specific PrP(C) overexpression from the invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis aspects, by performing cell motility assays, cell proliferation assays under anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent conditions, and apoptosis evasion when subjected to multiple anti-cancer drugs. Overexpression of PrP(C) in LS 174T was achieved by stable transfection. PrP(C) overexpression was shown to increase cell proliferation in anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent manners, as shown by more viable cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, more colonies formed in soft agar assay and increased resistance to anoikis in poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-coated surface. PrP(C) overexpression also increased cell motility and invasiveness of LS 174T. Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix using collagen- and fibronectin-coated surfaces revealed increased cell attachment in LS 174T cells overexpressing PrP(C). Analysis of apoptotic and necrotic cells by propidium iodide/annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate microscopy and 7-amino-actinomycin D/annexin V-phycoerythrin flow cytometry revealed that PrP(C) overexpression attenuated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Human apoptosis antibody array with 35 apoptosis-related proteins revealed that three inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)-survivin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (cIAP-1)-were upregulated in LS 174T cells overexpressing PrP(C) in doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, the overexpression of PrP(C) could enhance the invasiveness and survival of LS 174T colorectal cancer cells, indicating that PrP(C) plays a role in colorectal cancer biology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  5. Pathological case of the month. Ki-1-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma involving muscle
    Menon BS, Maziah W, Samarendra M, Toha A
    Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 2001 Mar;155(3):411-2.
    PMID: 11231812
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscle Neoplasms/drug therapy
  6. Risk assessment and microbiological profile of infections in paediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia
    Latiff Z, Zulkifli SZ, Jamal R
    Malays J Pathol, 2002 Dec;24(2):83-9.
    PMID: 12887165
    Febrile neutropenia is a common and potentially fatal problem encountered in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We carried out an observational study to evaluate the possible risk factors of developing fever amongst neutropenic children with an underlying malignancy. We also looked at the microbiological profile of causative pathogens in patients with febrile neutropenia. During a study period of 1 year, a total of 90 neutropenic episodes were recorded amongst 57 patients who were on treatment and follow-up during the study period. Multivariate analysis showed that factors such as chemotherapy status, underlying disease, existing central venous catheters, presenting white blood cell counts at chemotherapy, use of steroid therapy or hospitalisation at the onset of neutropenia, were not significant risk factors for developing fever during neutropenic episodes. Although the presence of a central venous catheter was associated with a higher risk of developing fever, it did not reach statistical significance (p=0.11). Of the 90 neutropenic episodes, 59 (65.6%) developed fever and 25 of these had positive blood cultures. The causative organisms include gram-negative bacteria (64%), gram positive bacteria (16%) and fungus (20%). Of the gram-negative organisms, Klebsiella spp. predominated (28%) with the extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing strain forming the majority (16%). Amongst those with fungaemia, Candida spp. and Candida tropicalis formed the majority (8% each) of the isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy
  7. Adverse effects of cytotoxics-platinum agents
    Selvaratnam G, Philips RH, Mohamed AK, Radzi A
    Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev, 1997 Aug;16(3):171-97.
    PMID: 9512763
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy
  8. Adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy following Wertheim radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer
    Sivanesaratnam V, Sen DK, Jayalakshmi P
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1987 Aug;27(3):231-3.
    PMID: 2449159
    Patients at high risk of recurrence or metastases following radical surgery for Stage 1B and 2A cervical carcinoma include those with pelvic node metastases, lymphatic or vascular space permeation in the cervix by tumour cells, large size of the primary tumour, involvement of the full thickness of the cervix and parametrial spread. We report the initial results of adjuvant chemotherapy using a combination of cisplatinum, bleomycin and vinblastine in 22 patients who had undergone Wertheim radical hysterectomy and were thought to be at high risk of developing recurrence. The mean duration of follow-up was 23 months. All are alive after follow-up ranging from 13 to 43 months. Three patients developed recurrences--one in the pelvis, another at the posterior aspect of the urethral meatus and the third developed pulmonary secondaries at 20 to 23 months after surgery. Toxicity from the chemotherapy was acceptable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  9. Combination cancer chemotherapy--a clinical trial on outpatients
    Ti TK, Yong NK
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Mar;28(3):165-70.
    PMID: 4278036
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  10. Fulltext Use of bevacizumab as a single agent or in adjunct with traditional chemotherapy regimens in children with unresectable or progressive low-grade glioma
    Zhukova N, Rajagopal R, Lam A, Coleman L, Shipman P, Walwyn T, et al.
    Cancer Med, 2019 01;8(1):40-50.
    PMID: 30569607 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1799
    In pediatric low-grade gliomas not amenable to complete resection, various chemotherapy regimens are the mainstream of treatment. An excellent overall survival of these patients makes justification of the intensification of chemotherapy difficult and calls for the development of new strategies. Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been successfully used in combination with irinotecan in a number of adult and pediatric studies and reports. Fifteen patients at median age of 7 years old (range 3 months to 15 years) were treated with bevacizumab in combination with conventional low-toxicity chemotherapy. The majority had chiasmatic/hypothalamic and midline tumors, seven had confirmed BRAF pathway alterations including neurofibromatosis type 1 (2). Fourteen patients had more than one progression and three had radiotherapy. No deaths were documented, PFS at 11 and 15 months was 71.5% ± 13.9% and 44.7% ± 17.6% respectively. At the end of follow-up 40% of patients has radiologically stable disease, three patients progressed shortly after completion of bevacizumab and two showed mixed response with progression of cystic component. Rapid visual improvement was seen in 6/8 patients, resolution of endocrine symptoms in 2/4 and motor function improvement in 4/6. No relation between histology or BRAF status and treatment response was observed. Treatment-limiting toxicities included grade 4 proteinuria (2) and hypertension (2) managed with cessation (1) and pausing of therapy plus antihypertensives (1). In conclusion, bevacizumab is well tolerated and appears most effective for rapid tumor control to preserve vision and improve morbidity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  11. Fulltext Effectiveness of tocotrienol-rich fraction combined with tamoxifen in the management of women with early breast cancer: a pilot clinical trial
    Nesaretnam K, Selvaduray KR, Abdul Razak G, Veerasenan SD, Gomez PA
    Breast Cancer Res, 2010;12(5):R81.
    PMID: 20929592 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2726
    Basic research has indicated that tocotrienols have potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects that would be expected to reduce the effect of breast cancer.

    Study site: Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  12. Translational genomics and recent advances in oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Chai AWY, Lim KP, Cheong SC
    Semin Cancer Biol, 2020 04;61:71-83.
    PMID: 31542510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.011
    Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are a heterogeneous group of cancers arising from the mucosal lining of the oral cavity. A majority of these cancers are associated with lifestyle risk habits including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and betel quid chewing. Cetuximab, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor was approved for the treatment of OSCC in 2006, and remains the only molecular targeted therapy available for OSCC. Here, we reviewed the current findings from genomic analyses of OSCC and discuss how these studies inform on the biological mechanisms underlying OSCC. Exome sequencing revealed that the significantly mutated genes are mainly tumour suppressors. Mutations in FAT1, CASP8, CDKN2A, and NOTCH1 are more frequently found in OSCC when compared to non-OSCC head and neck cancers and other squamous cell carcinomas, and HRAS and PIK3CA are the only significantly mutated oncogenes. The distribution of these mutations also differs in populations with distinct risk habits. Gene expression-based molecular classification showed that OSCC can be divided into distinct subtypes and these have a preferential response to different types of therapies, suggesting that these classifications could have clinical implications. More recently, with the approval of checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancers including OSCC, genomics studies also dissected the genetic signatures of the immune compartment to delineate immune-active and -exhausted subtypes that could inform on the immune status of OSCC patients and guide the development of novel therapies to improve response to immunotherapy. Taken together, genomics studies are informing on the biology of both the epithelial and stromal compartments underlying OSCC development, and we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using these to derive clinical benefit for OSCC patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
  13. Evaluation of anti-proliferative activity of medicinal plants used in Asian Traditional Medicine to treat cancer
    Siew YY, Yew HC, Neo SY, Seow SV, Lew SM, Lim SW, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2019 May 10;235:75-87.
    PMID: 30599223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.040
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The extensive biodiversity of plants in Southeast Asia and inadequate research hitherto warrant a continued investigation into medicinal plants. On the basis of a careful review of fresh medicinal plant usage to treat cancer from previous ethnobotanical interviews in Singapore and from the traditional uses of the indigenous plants, fresh leaves of seven locally grown medicinal plant species were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of local medicinal plant species Clausena lansium Skeels, Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau, Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr., Pereskia bleo (Kunth) DC., Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume, Vernonia amygdalina Delile and Vitex trifolia L.

    MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fresh, healthy and mature leaves of the seven medicinal plants were harvested from various locations in Singapore and Malaysia for Soxhlet, ultrasonication and maceration extractions in three different solvents (water, ethanol and methanol). Cell proliferation assay using water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed on twelve human cancer cell lines derived from breast (MDA-MB-231, T47D), cervical (C33A), colon (HCT116), leukemia (U937), liver (HepG2, SNU-182, SNU-449), ovarian (OVCAR-5, PA-1, SK-OV-3) and uterine (MES-SA/DX5) cancer.

    RESULTS: A total of 37 fresh leaf extracts from seven medicinal plants were evaluated for their anti-tumour activities in twelve human cancer cell lines. Of these, the extracts of C. lansium, L. indica, P. bleo, S. crispus, V. amygdalina and V. trifolia exhibited promising anti-proliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines. Further investigation of selected promising leaf extracts indicated that maceration methanolic extract of L. indica was most effective overall against majority of the cancer cell lines, with best IC50 values of 31.5 ± 11.4 µg/mL, 37.5 ± 0.7 µg/mL and 43.0 ± 6.2 µg/mL in cervical C33A, liver SNU-449, and ovarian PA-1 cancer cell lines, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide new scientific evidence for the traditional use of local medicinal plant species C. lansium, L . indica, P. bleo, S. crispus, V. amygdalina and V. trifolia in cancer treatment. These results highlight the importance of the upkeep of these indigenous plants in modern society and their relevance as resources for drug discovery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  14. Central nervous system prophylaxis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: CT brain appearance after 3 years continuous complete remission in 36 Malaysian children
    Nuruddin RN, Daud AB, Lin HP
    Australas Radiol, 1988 Feb;32(1):44-9.
    PMID: 3165633
    Matched MeSH terms: Meningeal Neoplasms/drug therapy
  15. Fulltext Polymeric Microsphere Formulation for Colon Targeted Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil Using Biocompatible Natural Gum Katira
    Karan S, Choudhury H, Chakra BK, Chatterjee TK
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 07 01;20(7):2181-2194.
    PMID: 31350983 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.7.2181
    Controlled release delivery system of chemotherapeutic agents at the site of colon endorses modern drug-entrapped
    delivery tools, which release the entrappedagents at a controlled rate for anextended period providing patient compliance
    and additional protection from the degradinggastric environment. Thus, the present study was aimed to develop
    and optimize a novel polymeric microsphere of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using natural gum katira to obtain an optimal
    therapeutic response at the colon. Due course of experimentation, in-vivo safety profile of the gum katira in an animal
    model was established. Modified solvent extraction/evaporation technique wasemployed to encapsulate 5-FU in the
    natural polymeric microsphere and was characterized using in-vitro studies to investigate particle size, morphology,
    encapsulation efficiency and release of the drug from developed formulation. Formulated and optimized polymeric
    microsphere of 5-FU using gum katira polymer own optimal physicochemical characteristics with a fine spherical particle
    with size ranged from 210.37±7.50 to 314.45±7.80 μm.Targeted microsphere exhibited good cytotoxicity and also has
    high drug entrapment efficiency, and satisfactory release pattern of the drug within a time frame of 12 h. Finally, we
    foresee that the optimized polymeric gum katiramicrosphere of 5-FU could be a promising micro-carrier for efficient
    colon drug targeting delivery tool with improved chemotherapeutic efficacy against colon cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  16. Fulltext Evaluation of Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Diosmetin against Human Colon Cancer Xenografts in Athymic Nude Mice
    Koosha S, Mohamed Z, Sinniah A, Alshawsh MA
    Molecules, 2019 Jul 10;24(14).
    PMID: 31295840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142522
    Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Diosmetin (Dis), a natural O-methylated flavone, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects against different types of cancer. Although the mechanisms of action of Dis against several cancer cell lines are well reported, in vivo anti-tumorigenesis properties of this compound are still obscure. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumorigenesis properties of Dis against HCT-116 colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. HCT-116 colon cancer cells were injected in NCr nu/nu nude mice and treatment with Dis was initiated after the tumor volumes reached 100 mm3 and continued for four weeks. On the sacrificing date nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg of Dis showed significant lower tumor volume (264 ± 238.3 mm3) as compared to the untreated group (1428.8 ± 459.6 mm3). Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was significantly downregulated, while apoptotic protein (Bax) was significantly overexpressed in nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg Dis as compared to untreated mice. In conclusion, our in vivo results indicate that Dis significantly reduces tumor growth rate of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in nude mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and has no toxic effects in ICR mice up to 2000 mg/kg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
  17. Anti-Proliferative Effects of Methanol and Water Extracts of Pyrrosia piloselloides on the Hela Human Cervical Carcinoma Cell Line
    Sul ‘ain MD, Zakaria F, Johan MF
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Jan 25;20(1):185-192.
    PMID: 30678430
    Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed neoplasms and a leading cause of cancer
    death among females worldwide. Limitations with conventional medical treatments have driven researchers to
    search for alternative approaches using natural products. This study aimed to detemine potential anti-proliferative
    effects of methanol and water extracts of Pyrrosia piloselloides (P. piloselloides) on the HeLa cell line. Methods:
    3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays were performed to determine IC50
    concentrations and apoptosis analysis was by flow cytometry. To identify chemical compounds in the extracts, gas
    chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed. Results: P. piloselloides methanol extracts (PPME) showed
    antiproliferative effects on HeL awith an IC50 of 16.25μg/mL while the P. piloselloides water extract (PPWE) was without
    influence. Neither extract showed any significant effects on apoptosis. GC-MS analysis, revealed 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
    (23.1%), allopurinol (8.66%) and 3, 5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one (7.41%) as major components in
    the PPME, while sulfolan-3-ol (10.1%), linoleic acid (9.06%) and β-sitosterol acetate (7.98%) predominated in the
    PPWE case. Conclusion: This first study of P. piloselloides showed PPME to exert potent anti-proliferative effect on
    HeLa cell lines. Further research now needs to be performed to establish the mechanisms of inhibition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  18. Surgical management of early invasive cancer of the cervix associated with pregnancy
    Sivanesaratnam V, Jayalakshmi P, Loo C
    Gynecol Oncol, 1993 Jan;48(1):68-75.
    PMID: 8423024
    The simultaneous occurrence of carcinoma of the cervix in pregnancy is uncommon. In a prospective study of 397 patients undergoing type III radical hysterectomy for early invasive cancer of the cervix, 18 were pregnant at the time of surgery; 4 of these were operated after delivery elsewhere. Two others had a type I extrafascial hysterectomy. The incidence was 1 in 4077 deliveries. The clinical and histological characteristics of these patients are presented. Routine speculum examination and cervical cytology in all pregnant patients early in pregnancy are vital for early diagnosis. Bleeding in pregnancy should not automatically be assumed to be caused by pregnancy-related conditions. The strategies in surgical management are discussed. Radical hysterectomy in pregnancy is safe. No major complications were encountered; the mean blood loss was 1.4 liters. The incidence of pelvic node metastases was similar to that seen in nonpregnant patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 77.7%. Of the 4 patients who died, 3 presented in the puerperium; all succumbed within 27 months. Poor histological prognostic features contributed to the significantly poorer survival in the puerperal patients (P = 0.0445). The 5-year survival in those presenting during the antepartum period (92.8%) was, however, similar to that in the nonpregnant patients. Metastases to the placenta or fetus were not encountered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy
  19. Activation of autophagy by stress-activated signals as a cellular self-defense mechanism against the cytotoxic effects of MBIC in human breast cancer cells in vitro
    Hasanpourghadi M, Majid NA, Mustafa MR
    Biochem Pharmacol, 2018 06;152:174-186.
    PMID: 29608909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.030
    We recently reported that methyl 2-(-5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (MBIC) is a microtubule targeting agent (MTA) with multiple mechanisms of action including apoptosis in two human breast cancer cell-lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In the present study, investigation of early molecular events following MBIC treatment demonstrated the induction of autophagy. This early (<24 h) response to MBIC was characterized by accumulation of autophagy markers; LC3-II, Beclin1, autophagic proteins (ATGs) and collection of autophagosomes but with different variations in the two cell-lines. MBIC-induced autophagy was associated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In parallel, an increased activation of SAPK/JNK pathway was detected, as an intersection of ROS production and induction of autophagy. The cytotoxic effect of MBIC was enhanced by inhibition of autophagy through blockage of SAPK/JNK signaling, suggesting that MBIC-induced autophagy, is a possible cellular self-defense mechanism against toxicity of this agent in both breast cancer cell-lines. The present findings suggest that inhibition of autophagy eliminates the cytoprotective activity of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, and sensitizes both the aggressive and non-aggressive human breast cancer cell-lines to the cytotoxic effects of MBIC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*
  20. Sulforaphane is superior to glucoraphanin in modulating carcinogen-metabolising enzymes in Hep G2 cells
    Abdull Razis AF, Noor NM
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(7):4235-8.
    PMID: 23991982
    Glucoraphanin is the main glucosinolate found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae). The objective of the study was to evaluate whether glucoraphanin and its breakdown product sulforaphane, are potent modulators of various phase I and phase II enzymes involved in carcinogen-metabolising enzyme systems in vitro. The glucosinolate glucoraphanin was isolated from cruciferous vegetables and exposed to human hepatoma cell line HepG2 at various concentrations (0-25 μM) for 24 hours. Glucoraphanin at higher concentration (25 μM) decreased dealkylation of methoxyresorufin, a marker for cytochrome P4501 activity; supplementation of the incubation medium with myrosinase (0.018 U), the enzyme that converts glucosinolate to its corresponding isothiocyanate, showed minimal induction in this enzyme activity at concentration 10 μM. Quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were unaffected by this glucosinolate; however, supplementation of the incubation medium with myrosinase elevated quinone reductase activity. It may be inferred that the breakdown product of glucoraphanin, in this case sulforaphane, is superior than its precursor in modulating carcinogen- metabolising enzyme systems in vitro and this is likely to impact on the chemopreventive activity linked to cruciferous vegetable consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
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