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Prevalence of high blood sugar, high cholesterol and high blood pressure among participants of a country-wide workplace health screening program in Malaysia

Jefferelli Shamsul Bahrin, Hanifah Bujang, Nizam Jemoin

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2011;8(2):15-18.
MyJurnal

There is a high prevalence of chronic diseases in the community. Promoting health at the workplace is an effective measure to manage such diseases. This study shares the findings of country-wide company health screening program. The prevalence of high cholesterol among participants was 29 %, high blood pressure was 8% and high blood sugar was 3%. The prevalence of high cholesterol from workplace screening was higher than the community prevalence but the prevalence of high blood pressure and high blood sugar was lower than the community prevalence. The various factors influencing these findings are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Disease Management
Socio-cultural foundations of medical practice in rural Malay communities

Chen PC

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):2-6.
PMID: 4282625
Matched MeSH terms: Disease/etiology*
STUDIES ON ECHINOSTOMATIDAE (TREMATODA) IN MALAYA. VI. THE LIFE HISTORY OF HYPODERAEUM DINGERI N. SP

JOE LK

Trop Geogr Med, 1964 Mar;16:61-71.
PMID: 14134320
Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control*
Fulltext Spontaneous biceps tendon rupture in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease

Ong SG

Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):31-3.
PMID: 25893055 MyJurnal

Tendon rupture is a rare complication that occurs in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. We report a case of a middle-aged man with mixed connective tissue disease who presented with spontaneous biceps tendon rupture 5 weeks after initiation of high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography was performed at the clinic and helped to confirm the diagnosis. It is a new imaging modality that is increasingly used in rheumatology clinics in Malaysia as it serves as an extension to physical examination. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is preferred by patients as it is noninvasive, does not involve ionising radiation, painless, relatively inexpensive and can be performed readily at the clinic.
KEYWORDS: corticosteroid; musculoskeletal ultrasonography; tendon rupture

Matched MeSH terms: Mixed Connective Tissue Disease*
AN OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA IN MALACCA

MAHONY BJ, MORAN JG

J R Army Med Corps, 1964;110:13-4.
PMID: 14125191
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*
A review of the management of the crippled child with special reference to cerebral palsy

CAMERON JA

Med J Malaya, 1955 Sep;10(1):48-59.
PMID: 13287495
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management*
Dangers of COPD and asthma under-recognised among Hajj pilgrims

Liew SM, Hussein N, Hanafi NS, Pinnock H, Sheikh A, Khoo EM

Lancet Respir Med, 2018 Aug;6(8):590.
PMID: 30006073 DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30297-2
Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/prevention & control*
Integrating Patient Concerns into Parkinson's Disease Management

Lim SY, Tan AH, Fox SH, Evans AH, Low SC

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, 2017 01;17(1):3.
PMID: 28102483 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0717-2

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex motor and non-motor disorder and management is often challenging. In this review, we explore emerging approaches to improve the care of patients, drawing from the literature regarding patient-centred care, patient and caregiver perspectives and priorities, gaps in knowledge among patients and caregivers and the need for accurate information, individual variability in disease manifestations, prognostication of disease course, new developments in health technologies and personalized medicine, specialty care, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, financial burden, lifestyle and work-related issues, support groups and palliative care.

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/therapy*
Determination of Nutrition Risk and Status in Critically Ill Patients: What Are Our Considerations?

Lee ZY, Heyland DK

Nutr Clin Pract, 2019 Feb;34(1):96-111.
PMID: 30468264 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10214

The stress catabolism state predisposes critically ill patients to a high risk of malnutrition. This, coupled with inadequate or delayed nutrition provision, will lead to further deterioration of nutrition status. Preexisting malnutrition and iatrogenic underfeeding are associated with increased risk of adverse complications. Therefore, accurate detection of patients who are malnourished and/or with high nutrition risk is important for timely and optimal nutrition intervention. Various tools have been developed for nutrition screening and assessment for hospitalized patients, but not all are studied or validated in critically ill populations. In this review article, we consider the pathophysiology of malnutrition in critical illness and the currently available literature to develop recommendations for nutrition screening and assessment. We suggest the use of the (modified) Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) for nutrition risk screening and the subjective global assessment (SGA) together with other criteria relevant to the critically ill patients, such as gastrointestinal function, risk of aspiration, determination of sarcopenia and frailty, and risk of refeeding syndrome for nutrition assessment. Further research is needed to identify suitable nutrition monitoring indicators to determine the response to the provision of nutrition.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility; Iatrogenic Disease
Fulltext Prevalence and correlates of Parkinson’s disease among elderly patients attending neurology clinic at Serdang Hospital in 2016

Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat, Abdul Syafiq A. Radzis, Ng, Yiet Fai, Nur Syazwany Nasir Khan

Int J Public Health Res, 2018;8(1):894-898.
MyJurnal

Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the most frequent sub-cortical degenerative disease, characterized by universal progressive disorder of the
nervous system that affects movement. This cross sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of PD among elderly attending the neurology clinic in Serdang Hospital.
Methods A total of 150 records of patients attended the clinic from January to December 2016 were randomly selected. Data was collected using a proforma form seeking information related to age, gender, race, locality, and presence of comorbidity particularly diabetes mellitus. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 22.0.
Results The prevalence of PD among the elderly involved in the study was 34%. Majority of the respondents were aged 60 to 70 years old (54.7%), male (53.3%), Chinese (56.7%), from urban locality (93.0%) and were not diabetic (69.3%). The inferential statistics showed no significant association between all the factors with PD. However, the associations between age and diabetes mellitus with PD were almost significant with p values of 0.07 and 0.08 respectively.
Conclusions Overall, the prevalence of PD among elderly who attended the neurology clinic in year 2016 was less than half with none of the factors under study were significantly associated with PD. However with bigger sample size, possible significant association may be obtained between age and diabetes mellitus.

Study site: neurology clinic in Hospital Serdang

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease*
New approach to calculate the denominator for the relative risk equation

Nor Azah Samat, Syafiqah Husna Mohd Imam Ma’arof

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1741-1745.

Disease frequency is used to measure the situation of the disease with reference to the population size and time period
which is in a fractional form. The lower part of the fraction, known as denominator is the important part as it was used
to calculate a rate or ratio. Since the disease frequency is based on a ratio estimator, the results are highly dependent
upon the value of denominator. Therefore, the main aim of this paper was to propose a new method in calculating the
denominator for the relative risk equation with the application to chikungunya disease data from Malaysia. The new
method of calculating the denominator of the relative risk equation includes the use of discrete time-space stochastic
SIR-SI (susceptible-infective-recovered for human population and susceptible-infective for vector population) disease
transmission model instead of the total disease counts. The results of the analysis showed that the estimation of expected
disease counts based on total posterior means can overcome the problem of expected counts estimation based on the total
number of disease especially when there is no observed disease count in certain regions. The proposed new approach to
calculate the denominator for the relative risk equation is suitable for the case of rare disease in which it offers a better
method of expected disease counts estimation.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility; Disease Vectors
Real-Time Remote-Health Monitoring Systems: a Review on Patients Prioritisation for Multiple-Chronic Diseases, Taxonomy Analysis, Concerns and Solution Procedure

Mohammed KI, Zaidan AA, Zaidan BB, Albahri OS, Alsalem MA, Albahri AS, et al.

J Med Syst, 2019 Jun 11;43(7):223.
PMID: 31187288 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1362-x

Remotely monitoring a patient's condition is a serious issue and must be addressed. Remote health monitoring systems (RHMS) in telemedicine refers to resources, strategies, methods and installations that enable doctors or other medical professionals to work remotely to consult, diagnose and treat patients. The goal of RHMS is to provide timely medical services at remote areas through telecommunication technologies. Through major advancements in technology, particularly in wireless networking, cloud computing and data storage, RHMS is becoming a feasible aspect of modern medicine. RHMS for the prioritisation of patients with multiple chronic diseases (MCDs) plays an important role in sustainably providing high-quality healthcare services. Further investigations are required to highlight the limitations of the prioritisation of patients with MCDs over a telemedicine environment. This study introduces a comprehensive and inclusive review on the prioritisation of patients with MCDs in telemedicine applications. Furthermore, it presents the challenges and open issues regarding patient prioritisation in telemedicine. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The limitations and problems of existing patients' prioritisation with MCDs are presented and emphasised. (2) Based on the analysis of the academic literature, an accurate solution for remote prioritisation in a large scale of patients with MCDs was not presented. (3) There is an essential need to produce a new multiple-criteria decision-making theory to address the current problems in the prioritisation of patients with MCDs.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease*
Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region

Lim SY, Tan AH, Ahmad-Annuar A, Klein C, Tan LCS, Rosales RL, et al.

Lancet Neurol, 2019 09;18(9):865-879.
PMID: 31175000 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30195-4

1·8 billion people of diverse ethnicities and cultures live in the Western Pacific Region. The increasing longevity of populations in this region is a major contributor to the exponential increase in Parkinson's disease prevalence worldwide. Differences exist between Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region and in Europe and North America that might provide important insights into our understanding of the disease and approaches to management. For example, some genetic factors (such as LRRK2 mutations or variants) differ, environmental exposures might play differential roles in modulating the risk of Parkinson's disease, and fewer dyskinesias are reported, with some differences in the profile of non-motor symptoms and comorbidities. Gaps in awareness of the disease and inequitable access to treatments pose challenges. Further improvements in infrastructure, clinical governance, and services, and concerted collaborative efforts in training and research, including greater representation of the Western Pacific Region in clinical trials, will improve care of patients with Parkinson's disease in this region and beyond.

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/epidemiology*
Fulltext An improved method for the rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus

Cheow PS, Tan TK, Song AA, Yusoff K, Chia SL

Biotechniques, 2020 02;68(2):96-100.
PMID: 31937115 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0110

Reverse genetics has been used to generate recombinant Newcastle disease virus with enhanced immunogenic properties for vaccine development. The system, which involves co-transfecting the viral antigenomic plasmid with three helper plasmids into a T7 RNA polymerase-expressing cell to produce viral progenies, poses a great challenge. We have modified the standard transfection method to improve the transfection efficiency of the plasmids, resulting in a higher titer of virus progeny production. Two transfection reagents (i.e., lipofectamine and polyethylenimine) were used to compare the transfection efficiency of the four plasmids. The virus progenies produced were quantitated with flow cytometry analysis of the infectious virus unit. The modified transfection method increased the titer of virus progenies compared with that of the standard transfection method.

Matched MeSH terms: Newcastle disease virus*
Incidental congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) in an adult with suspected coronary artery disease: review on radiological features and pathophysiology

Sayuti KA, Azizi MYSB

BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Apr 22;13(4).
PMID: 32327461 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-234225

We report a case of a 46-year-old woman who has presented to a peripheral hospital with progressive exertional dyspnoea and chest discomfort. The resting ECG showed features of left-sided ventricular hypertrophy. The initial chest radiograph was reported as cardiomegaly. Initial echocardiography revealed left atrial dilatation and 'left ventricular' hypertrophy with normal ejection fraction. She was treated as possible coronary artery disease and was subsequently referred to our centre for CT coronary angiography. Findings from the CT scan were consistent with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA). This report describes the radiological features of ccTGA, its associated cardiovascular anomalies, pathophysiology and potential complications.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/complications*
Fulltext Editorial: increasing burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-a call to action

Chuah KH, Chan WK

Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020 06;51(12):1429-1430.
PMID: 32445522 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15700
Matched MeSH terms: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease*
The trajectory of COVID-19 scenario in Malaysia: facing the unprecedented

Minhat HS, Kadir Shahar H

Curr Med Res Opin, 2020 08;36(8):1309-1311.
PMID: 32569488 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1786680

Background: Like other affected countries around the globe, Malaysia is shocked by the Coronavirus disease 2019, which is also known as COVID-19.Aims: This commentary article discusses the COVID-19 scenario in Malaysia, particularly in relation to the sudden increase in the number of new cases related to an international mass gathering.Findings: Projection through modelling helps the relevant authorities to act quickly and effectively, including enforcement of physical and social distancing. Modelling also assists in understanding the link between the biological processes that underpin transmission events and the population-level dynamics of the disease.Conclusion: There is no one-size-fits-all approach in managing disease outbreak. The fight against COVID-19 very much depends on their attitude during the 14-day Movement Control Order (MCO) which has been extended recently.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
Pneumothorax: Classification and Etiology

Huan NC, Sidhu C, Thomas R

Clin Chest Med, 2021 12;42(4):711-727.
PMID: 34774177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.08.007

Pneumothorax is a common problem worldwide. Pneumothorax develops secondary to diverse aetiologies; in many cases, there may be no recognizable lung abnormality. The pathogenetic mechanism(s) causing spontaneous pneumothorax may be related to an interplay between lung-related abnormalities and environmental factors such as smoking. Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for primary spontaneous pneumothorax; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is most frequently associated with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. This review article provides an overview of the historical perspective, epidemiology, classification, and aetiology of pneumothorax. It also aims to highlight current knowledge and understanding of underlying risks and pathophysiological mechanisms in pneumothorax development.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*
Serum antibody response against periodontal bacteria and coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Joshi C, Bapat R, Anderson W, Dawson D, Cherukara G, Hijazi K

J Clin Periodontol, 2021 12;48(12):1570-1586.
PMID: 34545592 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13550

AIM: The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of a reported association between elevated serum anti-periodontal bacterial antibody responses and coronary heart disease (CHD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty original studies were identified after systematically searching five databases. The majority (n = 11) compared serum anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and/or anti-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) IgG antibody responses between CHD patients and control participants. The strength of the association between serum anti-Pg antibodies and CHD (n = 10) and serum anti-Aa antibodies and CHD (n = 6) was investigated using a meta-analysis approach separately.
RESULTS: Most studies (61%) reported that the serum IgG antibody responses were elevated in CHD patients than in controls. The meta-analyses showed a significant association between elevated serum IgG antibody responses (anti-Pg and anti-Aa) and CHD, with pooled odds ratios of 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.38, p = .001] and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04-1.47, p = .0004), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: A modest increase of CHD events in individuals with higher serum anti-Pg and anti-Aa IgG antibody responses may support their use as potential biomarkers to detect and monitor at-risk populations. However, the observed inconsistencies with the design and interpretation of immunoassays warrant standardization of the immunoassays assessing antibody responses against periodontal bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease*
Historical perspective: The pros and cons of conventional outcome measures in Parkinson's disease

Lim SY, Tan AH

Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2018 Jan;46 Suppl 1:S47-S52.
PMID: 28793970 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.029

BACKGROUND: Conventional outcome measures (COMs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) refer to rating scales, questionnaires, patient diaries and clinically-based tests that do not require specialized equipment.
METHODS: It is timely at this juncture - as clinicians and researchers begin to grapple with the "invasion" of digital technologies - to review the strengths and weaknesses of these outcome measures.
RESULTS: This paper discusses advances (including an enhanced understanding of PD itself, and the development of clinimetrics as a field) that have led to improvements in the COMs used in PD; their strengths and limitations; and factors to consider when selecting and using a measuring instrument.
CONCLUSIONS: It is envisaged that in the future, a combination of COMs and technology-based objective measures will be utilized, with different methods having their own strengths and weaknesses. Judgement is required on the part of the clinician and researcher in terms of which instrument(s) are appropriate to use, depending on the particular clinical or research setting or question.

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/diagnosis*

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