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Fulltext Chronic disease management in Singapore polyclinics

Lee VKM, Tan NC, Chong MH

Malays Fam Physician, 2006;1(2):94-96.
PMID: 27570599 MyJurnal

Singapore health care has taken a major leap and invested a large amount of money and work force in chronic disease management. These changes attempt to integrate population perspectives and personcentred perspectives. Primary health care team can play a lead role in chronic illness care, but health care organisation system support and policy are critical to its success. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Disease Management
Fulltext Spontaneous biceps tendon rupture in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease

Ong SG

Malays Fam Physician, 2013;8(3):31-3.
PMID: 25893055 MyJurnal

Tendon rupture is a rare complication that occurs in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy. We report a case of a middle-aged man with mixed connective tissue disease who presented with spontaneous biceps tendon rupture 5 weeks after initiation of high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography was performed at the clinic and helped to confirm the diagnosis. It is a new imaging modality that is increasingly used in rheumatology clinics in Malaysia as it serves as an extension to physical examination. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is preferred by patients as it is noninvasive, does not involve ionising radiation, painless, relatively inexpensive and can be performed readily at the clinic.
KEYWORDS: corticosteroid; musculoskeletal ultrasonography; tendon rupture

Matched MeSH terms: Mixed Connective Tissue Disease*
Detection of polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysfunctioin via chemilumi-nescence assay in children with recurrent bacterial infections

Noah, R.M., Yusuff, Z., Jais, M.R., Noh, L.M.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(2):170-173.
MyJurnal

Chemiluminescence assay was used to assess the respiratory burst activities of polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes from paediatric patients reported to manifest with several episodes of recurrent bacterial infections. From this group of patients evaluated, only 10 cases of severe recurrent bacterial abscess exhibited more than 80% depression in the phagocytic chemilumi-nescence responses. The assay, being a sensitive method, was able to provide further useful laboratory investigation in diagnosing 4 patients with chronic granulomatous disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
Prevalence of high blood sugar, high cholesterol and high blood pressure among participants of a country-wide workplace health screening program in Malaysia

Jefferelli Shamsul Bahrin, Hanifah Bujang, Nizam Jemoin

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2011;8(2):15-18.
MyJurnal

There is a high prevalence of chronic diseases in the community. Promoting health at the workplace is an effective measure to manage such diseases. This study shares the findings of country-wide company health screening program. The prevalence of high cholesterol among participants was 29 %, high blood pressure was 8% and high blood sugar was 3%. The prevalence of high cholesterol from workplace screening was higher than the community prevalence but the prevalence of high blood pressure and high blood sugar was lower than the community prevalence. The various factors influencing these findings are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Disease Management
Fulltext Community participatory approach: an important option in cardiovascular diseases prevention and control

Khalib Abdul Latiff

Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2008;14(2):19-23.
MyJurnal

Introduction : Despite the number of information generated by researchers, cardiovascular diseases problem has not clearly declined and perhaps in certain situation it is gradually increasing, affecting people who are previously at low risk. There is a tendency to believe that favourable outcomes can always be expected once intervention activities, like exercise promotion, are carried out, but practical experience gives rise to serious doubt.
Methods : A greater understanding of the socialization mechanisms operating in the adoption of physical activity in CVD control and allow specific exercise prescriptions for communitybased prevention and control is important. This paper highlighted the author’s feeling about controlling chronic diseases by mean of community intervention.
Results : This analysis has strongly believed that the important impetus of any community intervention approach should be oriented in the form of “from people to people”.
Conclusion : More emphasis needs to be placed on effective management and parameters for assessment of its management success.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Disease Management
An outbreak of Hongkong influenza in a youth camp in West Malaysia

Tan DS, Dhillon GS, Omar M, Eapen JS

Med J Malaya, 1971 Jun;25(4):263-8.
PMID: 4261297
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*
A review of the management of the crippled child with special reference to cerebral palsy

CAMERON JA

Med J Malaya, 1955 Sep;10(1):48-59.
PMID: 13287495
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management*
Incidence of oro-dental diseases in Malaya

TRATMAN EK

Br Dent J, 1949 Aug 19;87(4):87-91.
PMID: 18134610
Matched MeSH terms: Disease*; Stomatognathic Diseases*; Mouth Diseases*; Tooth Diseases*
STUDIES ON ECHINOSTOMATIDAE (TREMATODA) IN MALAYA. VI. THE LIFE HISTORY OF HYPODERAEUM DINGERI N. SP

JOE LK

Trop Geogr Med, 1964 Mar;16:61-71.
PMID: 14134320
Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control*
AN OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA IN MALACCA

MAHONY BJ, MORAN JG

J R Army Med Corps, 1964;110:13-4.
PMID: 14125191
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*
Leptospira brings fresh challenge to adventure sports

Trubo R

Lancet Infect Dis, 2001 Sep;1(2):73.
PMID: 11871475
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks*
Fulltext Adult acute epiglottitis

Arumainathan UD, Siow SC, Subha ST

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):240-1.
PMID: 24326662

Acute epiglotiitis is a disease of rapid onset and progression of symptoms and has been well described in children. The importance of being aware of this diagnosis is to prevent an acute upper airway obstruction that can be potentially fatal. Here we describe two cases of adult acute epiglottitis where the patients had severe symptoms of sorethroat but a normal looking oropharynx.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Disease Progression
Fulltext Study Protocol for a Global Survey: Awareness and Preparedness of Hospital Staff Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak

Qarawi ATA, Ng SJ, Gad A, Luu MN, Al-Ahdal TMA, Sharma A, et al.

Front Public Health, 2021;9:580427.
PMID: 34277529 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.580427

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2) has gained attention globally and has been recognized as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the rapidly increasing number of deaths and confirmed cases. Health care workers (HCWs) are vulnerable to this crisis as they are the first frontline to receive and manage COVID-19 patients. In this multicenter multinational survey, we aim to assess the level of awareness and preparedness of hospital staff regarding COVID-19 all over the world. Methods: From February to March 2020, the web-based or paper-based survey to gather information about the hospital staff's awareness and preparedness in the participants' countries will be carried out using a structured questionnaire based on the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) checklist and delivered to participants by the local collaborators for each hospital. As of March 2020, we recruited 374 hospitals from 58 countries that could adhere to this protocol as approved by their Institutional Review Boards (IRB) or Ethics Committees (EC). Discussion: The awareness and preparedness of HCWs against COVID-19 are of utmost importance not only to protect themselves from infection, but also to control the virus transmission in healthcare facilities and to manage the disease, especially in the context of manpower lacking and hospital overload during the pandemic. The results of this survey can be used to inform hospitals about the awareness and preparedness of their health staff regarding COVID-19, so appropriate policies and practice guidelines can be implemented to improve their capabilities of facing this crisis and other future pandemic-prone diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
Fulltext The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 Promoter Polymorphisms in Perinatal Disease

Nakasone R, Ashina M, Abe S, Tanimura K, Van Rostenberghe H, Fujioka K

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 03 29;18(7).
PMID: 33805292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073520

Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway, which degrades heme into equimolar amounts of carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. Its inducible isoform, HO-1, has multiple protective functions, including immune modulation and pregnancy maintenance, showing dynamic alteration during perinatal periods. As its contribution to the development of perinatal complications is speculated, two functional polymorphisms of the HMOX1 gene, (GT)n repeat polymorphism (rs3074372) and A(-413)T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs2071746), were studied for their association with perinatal diseases. We systematically reviewed published evidence on HMOX1 polymorphisms in perinatal diseases and clarified their possible significant contribution to neonatal jaundice development, presumably due to their direct effect of inducing HO enzymatic activity in the bilirubin-producing pathway. However, the role of these polymorphisms seems limited for other perinatal complications such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We speculate that this is because the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effect is not directly mediated by HO but by its byproducts, resulting in a milder effect. For better understanding, subtyping each morbidity by the level of exposure to causative environmental factors, simultaneous analysis of both polymorphisms, and the unified definition of short and long alleles in (GT)n repeats based on transcriptional capacity should be further investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
Serum antibody response against periodontal bacteria and coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Joshi C, Bapat R, Anderson W, Dawson D, Cherukara G, Hijazi K

J Clin Periodontol, 2021 12;48(12):1570-1586.
PMID: 34545592 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13550

AIM: The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the strength of a reported association between elevated serum anti-periodontal bacterial antibody responses and coronary heart disease (CHD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty original studies were identified after systematically searching five databases. The majority (n = 11) compared serum anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and/or anti-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) IgG antibody responses between CHD patients and control participants. The strength of the association between serum anti-Pg antibodies and CHD (n = 10) and serum anti-Aa antibodies and CHD (n = 6) was investigated using a meta-analysis approach separately.
RESULTS: Most studies (61%) reported that the serum IgG antibody responses were elevated in CHD patients than in controls. The meta-analyses showed a significant association between elevated serum IgG antibody responses (anti-Pg and anti-Aa) and CHD, with pooled odds ratios of 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.38, p = .001] and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.04-1.47, p = .0004), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: A modest increase of CHD events in individuals with higher serum anti-Pg and anti-Aa IgG antibody responses may support their use as potential biomarkers to detect and monitor at-risk populations. However, the observed inconsistencies with the design and interpretation of immunoassays warrant standardization of the immunoassays assessing antibody responses against periodontal bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease*
Fulltext Use of movement restrictions during an outbreak of COVID-19 in Selangor, Malaysia

Suleiman A, Ngadiman S, Ramly M, Yusoff AF, Yusof MP

Western Pac Surveill Response J, 2021 06 22;12(2):51-56.
PMID: 34540313 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.008

Objective: Various public health and social measures have been used during the COVID-19 outbreak, including lockdowns, contact-tracing, isolation and quarantine. The objective of this manuscript is to describe outbreaks of COVID-19 in Selangor, Malaysia, the public health strategies used and the observed impact of the measures on the epidemic curve.
Methods: Information on all confirmed COVID-19 cases in Selangor between 25 January and 28 April 2020 was obtained. Clusters were identified, and cases were disaggregated into linked, unlinked and imported cases. Epidemic curves were constructed, and the timing of movement control orders was compared with the numbers of cases reported.
Results: During the study period, 1395 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported to the Selangor Health Department, of which 15.8% were imported, 79.5% were linked and 4.7% were unlinked cases. For two main clusters, the number of cases decreased after control measures were instituted, by contact-tracing followed by isolation and home quarantine for the first cluster (n = 126), and with the addition of the movement control order for the second, much larger cluster (n = 559).
Discussion: The findings suggest that appropriate, timely public health interventions and movement control measures have a synergistic effect on controlling COVID-19 outbreaks.

Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration*
Pneumothorax: Classification and Etiology

Huan NC, Sidhu C, Thomas R

Clin Chest Med, 2021 12;42(4):711-727.
PMID: 34774177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.08.007

Pneumothorax is a common problem worldwide. Pneumothorax develops secondary to diverse aetiologies; in many cases, there may be no recognizable lung abnormality. The pathogenetic mechanism(s) causing spontaneous pneumothorax may be related to an interplay between lung-related abnormalities and environmental factors such as smoking. Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for primary spontaneous pneumothorax; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is most frequently associated with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. This review article provides an overview of the historical perspective, epidemiology, classification, and aetiology of pneumothorax. It also aims to highlight current knowledge and understanding of underlying risks and pathophysiological mechanisms in pneumothorax development.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*
Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in Peninsular Malaysia from 2001 to 2007

Ramanoon SZ, Robertson ID, Edwards J, Hassan L, Isa KM

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2013 Feb;45(2):373-7.
PMID: 22826115 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0226-x

This is a retrospective study of the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Peninsular Malaysia between 2001 and May 2007. In total, 270 outbreaks of FMD were recorded. Serotype O virus (89.95 %) and serotype A (7.7 %) had caused the outbreaks. Significant differences on the occurrence of FMD were found between the years (t = 5.73, P = 0.000, df = 11), months (t = 4.7, P = 0.000, df = 11), monsoon season (t = 2.63, P = 0.025, df = 10) and states (t = 4.84, P = 0.001, df = 10). A peak of outbreaks observed in 2003 could be due to increased animal movement and the other peak in 2006 could be due to a compromised FMD control activities due to activities on the eradication of highly pathogenic avian influenza. Cattle (86 % of outbreaks) suffered the most. However, no difference in disease occurrence between species was observed. The populations of cattle (r = 0.672, P = 0.023) and sheep (r = 0.678, P = 0.022) were significantly correlated with occurrence of FMD. Movement of animals (66 % of outbreaks) was the main source for outbreaks. A combination of control measures were implemented during outbreaks. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that FMD is endemic in Peninsular Malaysia, and information gained could be used to improve the existing control strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks/veterinary*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/virology; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/classification*; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/isolation & purification
Development and validation of non-adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation questionnaire: a clinical tool for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

Ayiesah R, Leonard JH, Chong CY

Clin Ter, 2014;165(3):123-8.
PMID: 24999563 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2014.1708

OBJECTIVE: Non-adherence is a serious issue among the participants in pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP). Till date, no clinical tool is available to screen participants who will show poor adherence towards PRP. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool called "Adherence to Pulmonary Rehabilitation Questionnaire (APRQ)", a self-administered questionnaire to screen the risk of non-adherence to PRP among the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. APRQ comprises of 6 main constructs such as disease management behaviour, perceived treatment benefits, emotional factors, perceived severity of disease, barriers towards treatment and coping attitude.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a preliminary validity study carried out in the physiotherapy department and respiratory clinic in an university teaching hospital. A total of 109 patients with average age of 58.8 ± 1 year participated in the study. The inclusion criteria for subjects were: patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (Stage II and III). Exclusion criteria include those COPD patients with mental problems and disabled patients. The tool was developed based on thematic analysis and in-depth interview with focus group and literature search on the factors that lead to non-adherence among the PRP's participants. Principal component analysis was carried out to examine the construct validity and content validity of APRQ.
RESULTS: A total of 20 items were created under 6 constructs. However, 2 items (smoking and hospital admission) were eliminated due to poor correlations. Thus, the final version of APRQ was developed and validated with 18 items. Reliability was measured using internal consistency and achieved Cronbach's Alpha of 0.762.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this preliminary study supports that APRQ may be a valid and reliable tool to screen adherence towards PRP among chronic lung disease patients.
Study site: Respiratory clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*
Fulltext Contemporary surgical management of advanced end stage emphysema: an evidence based review

Sachithanandan A, Badmanaban B

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):253-8.
PMID: 23082412 MyJurnal

Emphysema is a progressive unrelenting component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a major source of mortality and morbidity globally. The prevalence of moderate to severe emphysema is approximately 5% in Malaysia and likely to increase in the future. Hence advanced emphysema will emerge as a leading cause of hospital admission and a major consumer of healthcare resources in this country in the future. Patients with advanced disease have a poor quality of life and reduced survival. Medical therapy has been largely ineffective for many patients however certain subgroups have disease amenable to surgical palliation. Effective surgical therapies include lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplantation and bullectomy. This article is a comprehensive evidence based review of the literature evaluating the rationale, efficacy, safety and limitations of surgery for advanced emphysema highlighting the importance of meticulous patient selection and local factors relevant to Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*

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