Displaying publications 3441 - 3460 of 4701 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Prevalence of plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women who visited obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Malaysia
    Yeow TC, Wong WF, Sabet NS, Sulaiman S, Shahhosseini F, Tan GM, et al.
    BMC Microbiol, 2016 Mar 18;16:45.
    PMID: 26987367 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0671-1
    BACKGROUND: The 7.5 kb cryptic plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis has been shown to be a virulence factor in animal models, but its significance in humans still remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and potential involvement of the C. trachomatis cryptic plasmid in causing various clinical manifestations; including infertility, reproductive tract disintegrity, menstrual disorder, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) among genital C. trachomatis-infected patients.
    RESULTS:A tot l of 180 female patients of child bearing age (mean 30.9 years old, IQR:27-35) with gynecological complications and subfertility issues, who visited Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were recruited for the study. Prevalence of genital chlamydial infection among these patients was alarmingly high at 51.1% (92/180). Of the 92 chlamydia-infected patients, 93.5% (86/92) were infected with plasmid-bearing (+) C. trachomatis while the remaining 6.5% (6/92) were caused by the plasmid-free (-) variant. Our data showed that genital C. trachomatis infection was associated with infertility issues, inflammation in the reproductive tract (mucopurulent cervicitis or endometriosis), irregular menstrual cycles and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). However, no statistical significance was detected among patients with plasmid (+) versus plasmid (-) C. trachomatis infection. Interestingly, plasmid (+) C. trachomatis was detected in all patients with PCOS, and the plasmid copy numbers were significantly higher among PCOS patients, relative to non-PCOS patients.
    CONCLUSION: Our findings show a high incidence of C. trachomatis infection among women with infertility or gynecological problems in Malaysia. However, due to the low number of plasmid (-) C. trachomatis cases, a significant role of the plasmid in causing virulence in human requires further investigation of a larger cohort.
    KEYWORDS: Chlamydia trachomatis; Infertility; Plasmid; Reproductive system disorders
    Study site: Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Chlamydia trachomatis/isolation & purification*
  2. Fulltext Whole genome amplification approach reveals novel polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases (PhaCs) from Japan Trench and Nankai Trough seawater
    Foong CP, Lau NS, Deguchi S, Toyofuku T, Taylor TD, Sudesh K, et al.
    BMC Microbiol, 2014;14:318.
    PMID: 25539583 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0318-z
    Special features of the Japanese ocean include its ranges of latitude and depth. This study is the first to examine the diversity of Class I and II PHA synthases (PhaC) in DNA samples from pelagic seawater taken from the Japan Trench and Nankai Trough from a range of depths from 24 m to 5373 m. PhaC is the key enzyme in microorganisms that determines the types of monomer units that are polymerized into polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and thus affects the physicochemical properties of this thermoplastic polymer. Complete putative PhaC sequences were determined via genome walking, and the activities of newly discovered PhaCs were evaluated in a heterologous host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acyltransferases/isolation & purification*
  3. Fulltext Population structure of Helicobacter pylori among ethnic groups in Malaysia: recent acquisition of the bacterium by the Malay population
    Tay CY, Mitchell H, Dong Q, Goh KL, Dawes IW, Lan R
    BMC Microbiol, 2009;9:126.
    PMID: 19538757 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-126
    Helicobacter pylori is a major gastric bacterial pathogen. This pathogen has been shown to follow the routes of human migration by their geographical origin and currently the global H. pylori population has been divided into six ancestral populations, three from Africa, two from Asia and one from Europe. Malaysia is made up of three major ethnic populations, Malay, Chinese and Indian, providing a good population for studying recent H. pylori migration and admixture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification*
  4. Fulltext Genomic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain SO-1977 from Sudan
    Ali MS, Isa NM, Abedelrhman FM, Alyas TB, Mohammed SE, Ahmed AE, et al.
    BMC Microbiol, 2019 06 11;19(1):126.
    PMID: 31185900 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1470-2
    BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Investigation of the MRSA's virulence and resistance mechanisms is a continuing concern toward controlling such burdens through using high throughput whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and molecular diagnostic assays. The objective of the present study is to perform whole-genome sequencing of MRSA isolated from Sudan using Illumina Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform.

    RESULTS: The genome of MRSA strain SO-1977 consists of 2,827,644 bp with 32.8% G + C, 59 RNAs and 2629 predicted coding sequences (CDSs). The genome has 26 systems, one of which is the major class in the disease virulence and defence. A total of 83 genes were annotated to virulence disease and defence category some of these genes coding as functional proteins. Based on genome analysis, it is speculated that the SO-1977 strain has resistant genes to Teicoplanin, Fluoroquinolones, Quinolone, Cephamycins, Tetracycline, Acriflavin and Carbapenems. The results revealed that the SO-1977, strain isolated from Sudan has a wide range of antibiotic resistance compared to related strains.

    CONCLUSION: The study reports for the first time the whole genome sequence of Sudan MRSA isolates. The release of the genome sequence of the strain SO-1977 will avail MRSA in public databases for further investigations on the evolution of resistant mechanism and dissemination of the -resistant genes of MRSA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
  5. Fulltext Infected aneurysm after returning from Southeast Asia: think Burkholderia pseudomallei!
    Auvens C, Neuwirth C, Piroth L, Blot M
    BMJ Case Rep, 2019 May 22;12(5).
    PMID: 31122956 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228856
    Melioidosis is a protean disease which is endemic to Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Here, we report a case of infected aortic aneurysm due to Burkholderia pseudomallei in an immunocompetent man 6 months after a trip to northern Malaysia. This patient initially received inappropriate surgical and antibiotic treatment, leading to a peri-prosthetic aortic infection with lumbar spondylitis and contiguous psoas muscle abscess. This case highlights the difficulty of diagnosing melioidosis given its diverse clinical manifestations and the limits of routine microbiological methods to identify B. pseudomallei Melioidosis should be considered a possible diagnosis in individuals with unexplained fever subsequent to travel in an endemic area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Burkholderia pseudomallei/isolation & purification*
  6. Fluorescence-based immunoassay for the detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice leaf
    Awaludin N, Abdullah J, Salam F, Ramachandran K, Yusof NA, Wasoh H
    Anal Biochem, 2020 12 01;610:113876.
    PMID: 32750357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113876
    The identification of rice bacterial leaf blight disease requires a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and quantitative approach that can be applied as an early detection monitoring tool in rice health. This paper highlights the development of a turn-off fluorescence-based immunoassay for the early detection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), a gram-negative bacterium that causes rice bacterial leaf blight disease. Antibodies against Xoo bacterial cells were produced as specific bio-recognition molecules and the conjugation of these antibodies with graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles was performed and characterized, respectively. The combination of both these bio-probes as a fluorescent donor and metal quencher led to changes in the fluorescence signal. The immunoreaction between AntiXoo-GQDs, Xoo cells, and AntiXoo-AuNPs in the immuno-aggregation complex led to the energy transfer in the turn-off fluorescence-based quenching system. The change in fluorescence intensity was proportional to the logarithm of Xoo cells in the range of 100-105 CFU mL-1. The limit of detection was achieved at 22 CFU mL-1 and the specificity test against other plant disease pathogens showed high specificity towards Xoo. The detection of Xoo in real plant samples was also performed in this study and demonstrated satisfactory results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Xanthomonas/isolation & purification*
  7. Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing dual carbapenemases (NDM-1 and OXA-232) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA) isolated from a Malaysian patient returning from India
    Al-Marzooq F, Ngeow YF, Tay ST
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2015 Apr;45(4):445-6.
    PMID: 25631676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.013
    Matched MeSH terms: Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification
  8. Emergence of mcr-1-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli in Malaysia
    Yu CY, Ang GY, Chin PS, Ngeow YF, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2016 Jun;47(6):504-5.
    PMID: 27208898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.004
    Matched MeSH terms: Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
  9. Aeromonas aquariorum clinical isolates: antimicrobial profiles, plasmids and genetic determinants
    Puah SM, Puthucheary SD, Liew FY, Chua KH
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2013 Mar;41(3):281-4.
    PMID: 23312608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.11.012
    The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of 47 clinical isolates of Aeromonas aquariorum and to identify the presence of plasmids and the relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by the standard disc diffusion method. The presence of plasmids and ARGs was detected by gel electrophoresis and monoplex PCR. Resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%), amoxicillin (91%), gentamicin (13%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (11%) and kanamycin (6%) was observed, whilst no ciprofloxacin- or amikacin-resistant strains were detected. All isolates harboured plasmids with sizes ranging from ca. 2 kb to 10 kb. PCR revealed that A. aquariorum carried three β-lactam resistance genes (bla(TEM), bla(MOX) and bla(PSE)) and two sulphonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2). This study provides further understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of multiresistant A. aquariorum clinical isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aeromonas/isolation & purification
  10. Epidemiology and trends in the antibiotic susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients with intra-abdominal infections in the Asia-Pacific region, 2010-2013
    Chang YT, Coombs G, Ling T, Balaji V, Rodrigues C, Mikamo H, et al.
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2017 Jun;49(6):734-739.
    PMID: 28435019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.030
    This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) from 2010-2013. A total of 17 350 isolates were collected from 54 centres in 13 countries in the APR. The three most commonly isolated GNB were Escherichia coli (46.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%). Overall, the rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 38.2% and 24.3%, respectively, and they were highest in China (66.6% and 38.7%, respectively), Thailand (49.8% and 36.5%, respectively) and Vietnam (47.9% and 30.4%, respectively). During 2010-2013, the rates of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing community-associated (CA) IAIs (collected <48 h after admission) were 26.0% and 13.5%, respectively, and those causing hospital-associated (HA) IAIs were 48.0% and 30.6%, respectively. Amikacin, ertapenem and imipenem were the most effective agents against ESBL-producing isolates. Piperacillin/tazobactam displayed good in vitro activity (91.4%) against CA ESBL-producing E. coli. For other commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolones, cefepime and carbapenems exhibited better in vitro activities than third-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin possessed high in vitro activity against all GNB isolates (>80%) causing IAIs, except for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex (30.9% for HA-IAI isolates). All of the antimicrobial agents tested exhibited <45% in vitro activity against ACB complex. Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat in the APR and continuous monitoring of evolutionary trends in the susceptibility patterns of GNB causing IAIs in this region is mandatory.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification
  11. Heterogeneity of mycolactones produced by clinical isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans: implications for virulence
    Mve-Obiang A, Lee RE, Portaels F, Small PL
    Infect Immun, 2003 Feb;71(2):774-83.
    PMID: 12540557
    Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a severe necrotizing skin disease endemic in tropical countries. Clinical evidence suggests that M. ulcerans isolates from Asia, Mexico, and Australia may be less virulent than isolates from Africa. In vivo studies suggest that mycolactone, a polyketide-derived macrolide toxin, plays a major role in the tissue destruction and immune suppression which occur in cases of Buruli ulcer. Mycolactones were extracted from 34 isolates of M. ulcerans representing strains from Africa, Malaysia, Asia, Australia, and Mexico. Thin-layer chromatography, mass spectroscopic analysis, and cytopathic assays of partially purified mycolactones from these isolates revealed that M. ulcerans produces a heterogeneous mixture of mycolactone variants. Mycolactone A/B, the most biologically active mycolactone species, was identified by mass spectroscopy as [M(+)Na](+) at m/z 765.5 in all cytotoxic isolates except for those from Mexico. Mycolactone C [M+Na](+) at m/z 726.3 was the dominant mycolactone species in eight Australian isolates, and mycolactone D [M+Na](+) m/z 781.2 was characteristic of two Asian strains. Mycolactone species are conserved within specific geographic areas, suggesting that there may be a correlation between mycolactone profile and virulence. In addition, the core lactone, [M+Na](+) m/z 447.4, was identified as a minor species, supporting the hypothesis that mycolactones are synthesized by two polyketide synthases. A cytopathic assay of the core lactone showed that this molecule is sufficient for cytotoxicity, although it is much less potent than the complete mycolactone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Toxins/isolation & purification
  12. Fulltext Selection and characterisation of Affimers specific for CEA recognition
    Shamsuddin SH, Jayne DG, Tomlinson DC, McPherson MJ, Millner PA
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 12;11(1):744.
    PMID: 33436840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80354-6
    Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the only blood based protein biomarker at present, used for preoperative screening of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to determine the appropriate curative treatments and post-surveillance screening for tumour recurrence. Current diagnostics for CRC detection have several limitations and development of a highly sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic device is required. The majority of such devices developed to date are antibody-based and suffer from shortcomings including multimeric binding, cost and difficulties in mass production. To circumvent antibody-derived limitations, the present study focused on the development of Affimer proteins as a novel alternative binding reagent for CEA detection. Here, we describe the selection, from a phage display library, of Affimers specific to CEA protein. Characterization of three anti-CEA Affimers reveal that these bind specifically and selectively to protein epitopes of CEA from cell culture lysate and on fixed cells. Kinetic binding analysis by SPR show that the Affimers bind to CEA with high affinity and within the nM range. Therefore, they have substantial potential for used as novel affinity reagents in diagnostic imaging, targeted CRC therapy, affinity purification and biosensor applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cystatin A/isolation & purification*
  13. Fulltext A novel strain of acetic acid bacteria Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS97 involved in riboflavin production
    Noman AE, Al-Barha NS, Sharaf AM, Al-Maqtari QA, Mohedein A, Mohammed HHH, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 08 11;10(1):13527.
    PMID: 32782276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70404-4
    A novel bacterial strain of acetic acid bacteria capable of producing riboflavin was isolated from the soil sample collected in Wuhan, China. The isolated strain was identified as Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS97 based on several phenotype characteristics, biochemicals tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequence conducted. Furthermore, the complete genome sequencing of the isolated strain has showed that it contains a complete operon for the biosynthesis of riboflavin. In order to obtain the maximum concentration of riboflavin production, Gluconobacter oxydans FBFS97 was optimized in shake flask cultures through response surface methodology employing Plackett-Burman design (PBD), and Central composite design (CCD). The results of the pre-experiments displayed that fructose and tryptone were found to be the most suitable sources of carbon and nitrogen for riboflavin production. Then, PBD was conducted for initial screening of eleven minerals (FeSO4, FeCl3, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, MgSO4, ZnSO4, NaCl, CaCl2, KCl, ZnCl2, and AlCl3.6H2O) for their significances on riboflavin production by Gluconobacter oxydans strain FBFS97. The most significant variables affecting on riboflavin production are K2HPO4 and CaCl2, the interaction affects and levels of these variables were optimized by CCD. After optimization of the medium compositions for riboflavin production were determined as follows: fructose 25 g/L, tryptone 12.5 g/L, K2HPO4 9 g/L, and CaCl2 0.06 g/L with maximum riboflavin production 23.24 mg/L.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gluconobacter oxydans/isolation & purification
  14. Fulltext Molecular phylogenetics of a recently isolated goat pox virus from Vietnam
    Pham TH, Rahaman NYA, Lila MAM, Lai HLT, Nguyen LT, Van Nguyen G, et al.
    BMC Vet Res, 2021 Mar 08;17(1):115.
    PMID: 33685458 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02777-1
    BACKGROUND: After a decade of silence, an outbreak of the contagious and Asian endemic disease, goat pox re-emerged in North Vietnam affecting more than 1800 heads with a mortality rate of 6.5%. The inevitable impact of goat pox on hide quality, breeding, chevon and milk production has resulted in a significant economic losses to the developing goat industry of Vietnam. In the act of establishing an effective control of this devastating disease, tracing the source of re-emergence via a phylogenetic study was carried out to reveal their genetic relatedness. Either skin scab or papule from the six affected provinces were collected, cultured into Vero cells followed by restricted enzyme digestion of targeted P32 gene DNA encoding. The P32 gene was then cloned and transformed into E.coli competent cells for further sequencing.

    RESULTS: The isolated sequence is deposited into GenBank under Accession No. MN317561/VNUAGTP1. The phylogenetic tree revealed high similarity of nucleotide and amino acid sequences to references goat pox strains accounting for 99.6 and 99.3, respectively. The Vietnamese strain is clustered together with currently circulating goat pox virus in China, India and Pakistan which suggested the origin of South China.

    CONCLUSIONS: This Vietnam isolate is clustered together with other Asian goat pox strains indicating the dissemination of a common goat pox virus within this continent.

    Matched MeSH terms: Capripoxvirus/isolation & purification
  15. Fulltext Whole-genome sequencing to establish relapse or re-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a retrospective observational study
    Bryant JM, Harris SR, Parkhill J, Dawson R, Diacon AH, van Helden P, et al.
    Lancet Respir Med, 2013 Dec;1(10):786-92.
    PMID: 24461758 DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70231-5
    BACKGROUND: Recurrence of tuberculosis after treatment makes management difficult and is a key factor for determining treatment efficacy. Two processes can cause recurrence: relapse of the primary infection or re-infection with an exogenous strain. Although re-infection can and does occur, its importance to tuberculosis epidemiology and its biological basis is still debated. We used whole-genome sequencing-which is more accurate than conventional typing used to date-to assess the frequency of recurrence and to gain insight into the biological basis of re-infection.

    METHODS: We assessed patients from the REMoxTB trial-a randomised controlled trial of tuberculosis treatment that enrolled previously untreated participants with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection from Malaysia, South Africa, and Thailand. We did whole-genome sequencing and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing of pairs of isolates taken by sputum sampling: one from before treatment and another from either the end of failed treatment at 17 weeks or later or from a recurrent infection. We compared the number and location of SNPs between isolates collected at baseline and recurrence.

    FINDINGS: We assessed 47 pairs of isolates. Whole-genome sequencing identified 33 cases with little genetic distance (0-6 SNPs) between strains, deemed relapses, and three cases for which the genetic distance ranged from 1306 to 1419 SNPs, deemed re-infections. Six cases of relapse and six cases of mixed infection were classified differently by whole-genome sequencing and MIRU-VNTR. We detected five single positive isolates (positive culture followed by at least two negative cultures) without clinical evidence of disease.

    INTERPRETATION: Whole-genome sequencing enables the differentiation of relapse and re-infection cases with greater resolution than do genotyping methods used at present, such as MIRU-VNTR, and provides insights into the biology of recurrence. The additional clarity provided by whole-genome sequencing might have a role in defining endpoints for clinical trials.

    FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, European Union, Medical Research Council, Global Alliance for TB Drug Development, European and Developing Country Clinical Trials Partnership.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
  16. Gut bacteria of Varanus salvator possess potential antitumour molecules
    Soopramanien M, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R
    Int Microbiol, 2021 Jan;24(1):47-56.
    PMID: 32737845 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00139-9
    Pollution, unhygienic conditions and organic waste are detrimental to human health. On the contrary, animals living in polluted environments, feeding on organic waste and exposed to noxious agents such as heavy metals must possess remarkable properties against contracting diseases. Species such as cockroaches and water monitor lizards thrive in unhygienic conditions and feed on decaying matter. Here, we investigated the antitumour properties of metabolites produced by gut bacteria isolated from Varanus salvator (Asian water monitor lizard). An adult water monitor lizard and a juvenile water monitor lizard were acquired, and dissected. Their aerobic gut bacteria were isolated and identificated through 16S rDNA sequencing. Next, bacterial conditioned media (CM) were prepared and utilised for subsequent assays. Growth inhibition, MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay, cytotoxicity and cell survival assays were accomplished against a panel of cancer cells as well as a normal cell line. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to identify potential antitumour molecules. A plethora of bacteria were isolated from the gut of juvenile and adult V. salvator respectively. Moreover, CM prepared from selected bacteria exhibited antitumour activity. Of note, LC-MS results indicated the presence of several molecules with reported antitumour activity, namely, 3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide, C75, enigmol, estrone 16-oxime, proglumide and S-allyl-L-cysteine. Furthermore, 356 potentially novel molecules from juvenile V. salvator and 184 from adult V. salvator were depicted. Thus, the gut microbiota of V. salvator might be considered as a great niche of antitumour molecules; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to assess the antitumour properties of these molecules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/isolation & purification
  17. Summary of avian influenza activity in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, 2002-2006
    Alexander DJ
    Avian Dis, 2007 Mar;51(1 Suppl):161-6.
    PMID: 17494548
    Between December 2003 and January 2004 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 infections of poultry were declared in China, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. In 2004 an outbreak was reported in Malaysia. In 2005 H5N1 outbreaks were recorded in poultry in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine, and virus was isolated from swans in Croatia. In 2004 HPAI H5N1 virus was isolated from smuggled eagles detected at the Brussels Airport and in 2005 imported caged birds held in quarantine in England. In 2006 HPAI was reported in poultry in Iraq, India, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, and Israel in Asia; Albania, France, and Sweden in Europe; and Nigeria, Cameroon, and Niger in Africa; as well as in wild birds in some 24 countries across Asia and Europe. In 2003, over 25,000,000 birds were slaughtered because of 241 outbreaks of HPAI caused by virus of H7N7 subtype in the Netherlands. The virus spread into Belgium (eight outbreaks) and Germany (one outbreak). HPAI H5N2 virus was responsible for outbreaks in ostriches in South Africa during 2005. HPAI H7N3 virus was isolated in Pakistan in 2004. Low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H5 or H7 viruses were isolated from poultry in Italy (H7N3 2002-2003; H5N2 2005), The Netherlands (H7N3 2002), France (H5N2 2003), Denmark (H5N7 2003), Taiwan (H5N2 2004), and Japan (H5N2 2005). Many isolations of LPAI viruses of other subtypes were reported from domestic and wild birds. Infections with H9N2 subtype viruses have been widespread across Asia during 2002-06.
    Matched MeSH terms: Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification*
  18. Extracellular urease from Arthrobacter creatinolyticus MTCC 5604: scale up, purification and its cytotoxic effect thereof
    Rajendran R, Pandi A, Ramchary A, Thiagarajan H, Panneerselvam J, Niraikulam A, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2019 Feb;46(1):133-141.
    PMID: 30374769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4453-8
    Urease is a potent metalloenzyme with diverse applications. This paper describes the scale up and purification of an extracellular urease from Arthrobacter creatinolyticus MTCC 5604. The urease production was scaled-up in 3.7 L and 20 L fermentor. A maximum activity of 27 and 27.8 U/mL and a productivity of 0.90 and 0.99 U/mL/h were obtained at 30 h and 28 h in 3.7 and 20 L fermentor, respectively. Urease was purified to homogeneity with 49.85-fold purification by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography with a yield of 36% and a specific activity of 1044.37 U/mg protein. The enzyme showed three protein bands with molecular mass of 72.6, 11.2 and 6.1 kDa on SDS-PAGE and ~ 270 kDa on native PAGE. The cytotoxic effect of urease was assessed in vitro using cancer cell lines (A549 and MG-63) and normal cell line (HEK 293). Urease showed its inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines through the generation of toxic ammonia, which in turn increased the pH of the surrounding medium. This increase in extracellular pH, enhanced the cytotoxic effect of weak base chemotherapeutic drugs, doxorubicin (50 µM) and vinblastine (100 µM) in the presence of urease (5 U/mL) and urea (0-4 mM) significantly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urease/isolation & purification*
  19. Electrochemical DNA detection of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 using PbS quantum dot labelling
    Ngo DB, Chaibun T, Yin LS, Lertanantawong B, Surareungchai W
    Anal Bioanal Chem, 2021 Feb;413(4):1027-1037.
    PMID: 33236225 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03061-1
    The aim of this study was to develop a highly specific electrochemical DNA sensor using functionalized lead sulphide (PbS) quantum dots for hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3) DNA target detection. Functionalized-PbS quantum dots (QDs) were used as an electrochemical label for the detection of HEV3-DNA target by the technique of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The functionalized-PbS quantum dots were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM and zeta potential techniques. As-prepared, functionalized-PbS quantum dots have an average size of 4.15 ± 1.35 nm. The detection platform exhibited LOD and LOQ values of 1.23 fM and 2.11 fM, respectively. HEV3-DNA target spiked serum is also reported.Graphical abstract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification*
  20. Disseminated thymic B-cell lymphoma in a Holstein heifer
    Hishamnuri WNAD, Nakagun S, Maezawa M, Sakaguchi K, Akiyama N, Watanabe KI, et al.
    J Vet Diagn Invest, 2019 Nov;31(6):852-855.
    PMID: 31551023 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719875501
    A 19-mo-old Holstein heifer was inactive and dyspneic. Physical examination revealed wheezing, exophthalmos, a cervical mass, and lymphadenopathy. Cytology of the cervical mass and lymph nodes showed predominantly large atypical lymphocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase and thymidine kinase activities were elevated. Although nested PCR for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) using blood was positive, quantitative PCR showed a low number of provirus copies. Autopsy revealed enlargement of most lymph nodes examined, as well as white masses of various sizes in muscles of the left hindlimb and thoracic and abdominal organs. Histopathology revealed severe infiltration with neoplastic lymphocytes in these organs. The cervical mass was immune-positive for B-cell markers. The final diagnosis was thymic B-cell lymphoma with BLV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leukemia Virus, Bovine/isolation & purification
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links