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Fulltext The Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Standard: Systematic Literature Review of Implementations, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities

Ayaz M, Pasha MF, Alzahrani MY, Budiarto R, Stiawan D

JMIR Med Inform, 2021 07 30;9(7):e21929.
PMID: 34328424 DOI: 10.2196/21929

BACKGROUND: Information technology has shifted paper-based documentation in the health care sector into a digital form, in which patient information is transferred electronically from one place to another. However, there remain challenges and issues to resolve in this domain owing to the lack of proper standards, the growth of new technologies (mobile devices, tablets, ubiquitous computing), and health care providers who are reluctant to share patient information. Therefore, a solid systematic literature review was performed to understand the use of this new technology in the health care sector. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of comprehensive systematic literature reviews that focus on Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-based electronic health records (EHRs). In addition, FHIR is the latest standard, which is in an infancy stage of development. Therefore, this is a hot research topic with great potential for further research in this domain.
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to explore and perform a systematic review of the literature related to FHIR, including the challenges, implementation, opportunities, and future FHIR applications.
METHODS: In January 2020, we searched articles published from January 2012 to December 2019 via all major digital databases in the field of computer science and health care, including ACM, IEEE Explorer, Springer, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. We identified 8181 scientific articles published in this field, 80 of which met our inclusion criteria for further consideration.
RESULTS: The selected 80 scientific articles were reviewed systematically, and we identified open questions, challenges, implementation models, used resources, beneficiary applications, data migration approaches, and goals of FHIR.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature analysis performed in this systematic review highlights the important role of FHIR in the health care domain in the near future.
Fulltext Mapping healthy aisles in Makassar city, Indonesia: implications for community empowerment

Palutturi S, Saleh LM, Rachmat M, Malek JA

Gac Sanit, 2021 4 10;35 Suppl 1:S42-S45.
PMID: 33832624 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.012

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to map healthy aisles in Makassar City and how its implication is for community empowerment.
METHOD: This research was a descriptive survey. One hundred and sixty aisles in Rappocini and Ujung Tanah Sub-Districts, Makassar were surveyed.
RESULTS: The development of healthy aisles is under maintenance of Puskesmas (Public Health Center) consisting of 20 aisles of 117 aisles in Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi and 3 aisles of 43 aisles in Puskesmas Pattingalloang. Ten healthy aisles indicators were established: aisles's cleanliness, beauty, drainage, garbage transportation, utilization, Siskamling (neighborhood security system), Non-Smoking Area (Kawasan Tanpa Rokok=KTR), active Posyandu (Integrated Health Post), the presence of educational media and the existence of working groups (Pokja).
CONCLUSIONS: Based on 10 healthy aisles indicators, aspects of beauty, educational media, and aisles work group activity need to be strengthened, while others need to be maintained and even improved.
Risk & rescuing issue: outdoor adventure accidents in protected areas of Gunung Ledang, Johor National Park, Malaysia

M Adli Mohd Sidi, Muhammad Syakir Sulaiman, Mohd Rifqi Remeli

Journal of Hospitality and Networks, 2019;2019(1):13-17.
MyJurnal

This paper presents a study on outdoor recreational risk factors at Johor National Park of Gunung Ledang. It located at Southern of Malaysia and consists by tropical rainforest. The biodiversity richness and the wilderness of the natural resources has become attraction for local and international tourists to visit this national park to enjoying their outdoor recreational activities. But they are exposed with the risks and hazard in the wilderness tropical rainforest and the rescuing process for the victims is difficult too. This case study data collected using semi structured interviews conducted towards the National Park Managers from each study sites. The data analyzed using NVivo 11 version. As findings, the storm seems as the main outdoor recreational risk factors identified at this national park that may cause falling tree cases in this national park. Secondly, if the accident occurs at the deep forest, the rescuing assistance procedure for the victims is very difficult and takes time to reach the accident location. As conclusion, extreme recreationists were highly expose with outdoor recreational risks in outdoor nature wilderness settings and national park operator should look into this risk issue seriously in order to ensure the visitors’ safety during their visitation to the national parks. Highly recommended, for national park operator to have a look on the necessity of helipad installation at the risky areas of national park to smoothen the rescuing process for the victims in the wilderness areas.
Fulltext Tensile properties of alkaline treated coconut meat husk reinforced polyester composites

Muhammad Faiz Ghazali, Mohamad Juraidi Jamal, Syed Azuan Syed Ahmad

Journal of Engineering and Science Research, 2017;1(1):4-7.
MyJurnal

Synthetic fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber are traditionally used as reinforcement in engineering composites. The increasing of environmental concerns has led to the use of natural fibers as renewable alternatives reinforcement. Among them, coconut meat husk fiber which abundant availability can be used as reinforcement fiber. However, the coconut meat husk fiber, same as other natural fibers, has the issues of fiber/matrix bonding and moisture absorption. Chemical treatments are needed to modify the surface of fiber, aiming at improving the adhesion with polymer matrix and reducing the hydrophilicity of the fiber. Alkalization was used in this study to treat the coconut meat husk fiber. The effects of chemical treatments for 1hr and 24 hr treatment time on the coconut meat husk fibers reinforced composites were investigated. A result showed that the 24 hr alkali treatment gave the highest tensile stenght compared to the 1hr treatment and RO water.
Fulltext Assessment of patient satisfaction with the preoperative anaesthetic evaluation

Lee, S.Y., Cheah, S.K., Muhammad, M., Aniza, I.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):156-165.
MyJurnal

Penilaian anestetik pra-operasi adalah penting semasa penjagaan perioperatif. Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk menilai tahap kepuasaan pesakit dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasaan pesakit terhadap klinik pra-anestetik. Sejumlah 304 orang pesakit yang menghadiri klinik pra-anestetik telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Kajian kepuasaan selidik dwibahasa (Bahasa Inggeris dan Bahasa Melayu) dengan berjumlah 18 soalan menguji faktor-faktor bukan penyedia (kemudahan klinik, kesesuaian masa menunggu) dan faktor-faktor penyedia (perkhidmatan doktor, pegawai kaunter, jururawat dan kakitangan sokongan) telah dikaji. Kajian kepuasaan selidik menggunakan format skala Likert lima mata skor sangat setuju/tidak setuju telah digunakan untuk menilai tahap kepuasaan pesakit. Secara keseluruhan, peratusan kepuasaan pesakit terhadap penilaian pra-anestetik dilaporkan sebagai 98.7% dengan skor purata untuk perkhidmatan doktor (4.49 + 0.60), pegawai kaunter (4.48 + 0.61), kakitangan sokongan (4.47 + 0.62), kemudahan klinik dan kesesuaian masa menunggu (4.40 + 0.62). Semua faktor-faktor yang dikaji menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p
Fulltext Challenges of anti-smoking campaign in Malaysia from the healthcare provider perspective

Mohamad Helmy, J., Normalina, A., Afzan, M.Y., Muhammad Lokman, M.I.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):119-128.
MyJurnal

Kajian ini menemui faktor-faktor cabaran kempen anti-merokok dari perspektif petugas kesihatan di Kuantan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menerokai cabaran kempen anti-merokok daripada pandangan petugas kesihatan, kesedaran tentang kewujudan Klinik Berhenti Merokok dan cara untuk menambah baik kempen antimerokok. Kajian ini adalah penting untuk membantu pihak berkuasa Malaysia untuk membangunkan strategi yang lebih baik dalam mempromosikan kempen anti-merokok pada masa akan datang. Persampelan “purposive” digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dan wawancara separa berstruktur telah dilakukan di kalangan lima petugas kesihatan dari tiga Klinik Berhenti Merokok yang terpilih. Kajian ini mendapati petugas kesihatan berpendapat bahawa perokok yang menerima rawatan dari Pusat Kesihatan mempunya pemahaman yang rendah mengenai tatacara piawai (SOP) dalam pemberhentian merokok, komitmen yang rendah dan senang dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat. Petugas kesihatan juga berpendapat tugas pelbagai disiplin menyebabkan tumpuan yang rendah terhadap pesakit yang merokok. Di samping itu, responden merasakan bahawa kewujudan Klinik Berhenti Merokok perlu diperluaskan penghebahannya kepada komuniti. Melalui penemuan ini, beberapa strategi dicadangkan untuk menambah baik pendekatan semasa dalam pengurangan bilangan perokok di Malaysia seperti penambahbaikan penghebahan kepada orang ramai, meningkatkan penguatkuasaan undang-undang serta menyediakan insentif.
Fulltext A qualitative study: the perception on antismoking campaign among smokers in Kuantan

Muhammad Lokman, M.I., Normalina, A., Afzan, M.Y., Mohamad Helmy, J.

Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):129-140.
MyJurnal

Tabiat merokok adalah perilaku yang tidak sihat malah membahayakan bukan sahaja diri sendiri malahan masyarakat sekeliling. Walaupun terdapat banyak kempen anti-merokok telah diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan, namun keberkesanannya masih di tahap rendah. Oleh itu objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka faktor utama kegagalan kempen anti-merokok di Malaysia, meneroka keberkesanan “Klinik Berhenti Merokok” dan menemui penyelesaian terbaik untuk memastikan kempen yang dijalankan berkesan pada masa akan datang. Ini adalah kajian rentas kualitatif di mana temuduga dijalankan di kalangan lima sukarela responden yang terdiri dari perokok dan bekas perokok di kawasan awam dan tiga klinik berhenti merokok yang terpilih. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis bertema. Kajian ini mendapati beberapa faktor penyumbang dari perspektif perokok dan pihak berkuasa perlu diberi keutamaan untuk penambahbaikan iaitu kurang kreativiti yang minimum dalam menguruskan promosi anti-merokok, kurang kreatitivi dah terhadap kesihatan, permintaan bahan pencetus semangat di tempat kerja, dan dalam pengurusan tekanan yang lemah. Hasil kajian mengesyorkan bahawa kempen bermula di sekolah rendah dan menengah, improvisasi tanda amaran penyakit, meluaskan kawasan promosi, memberi ganjaran semasa kempen dan perokok perlu mengambil inisiatif melibatkan diri dalam program ini. Kerajaan perlu menumpukan perhatian kepada program pencegahan merokok terlebih dahulu, daripada program intervensi berhenti merokok yang mungkin melibatkan kos kewangan yang tinggi.
The perceptions among international tourists toward environment impacts at Tanjung Tuan

Siti Mahera Ahmat Amin, Muhammad Arif Nasir, Fatimah Jinal

Journal of Hospitality and Networks, 2018;1(1):18-24.
MyJurnal

The challenge to tourism that is presented by sustainable approach is how to preserve and conserve many natural attractions and today in tourism industry development will have an impacts on environmental. Environment, either physical, social and economics have a positive and negative impacts. The purpose of this study was to examined the perception among international students from University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia toward environmental impacts at Tanjung Tuan Melaka. For this purpose, qualitative method was used in order to get a perception toward environmental issues among international students from interviews activities. The results show that environmental issues at Tanjung Tuan is not serious and have a good perception among international students, just need to develop some facilities to faced many tourists.
Fulltext Biochemical Properties and Potential Application of Proteases from Alkalophilic Bacillus lehensis G1

Nur Zazarina Ramly, Nor Muhammad Mahadi, Noorul Aini Sulaiman

Trop Life Sci Res, 2019;30(2):1-14.
MyJurnal

Pencirian enzim ekstraselular protease daripada bakteria Alkalophilic Bacillus lehensis G1 dari Malaysia telah dikaji. Enzim protease yang dirembeskan diuji pada agar susu skim 2%. Keputusan menunjukkan protease ekstraselular mampu mengekalkan aktiviti sehingga suhu 60°C di dalam julat pH yang luas iaitu 3 hingga 11 dengan suhu optimum pada 40°C dan pH optimum pada 7.0. Aktiviti enzim juga diperhatikan akan meningkat dengan penambahan beberapa ion iaitu Mn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ dan Co2+. Manakala aktiviti protease didapati sedikit direncat dengan kehadiran ion Ca2+, K+ dan Ni2+ dengan baki aktiviti sebanyak 85%, 81% dan 75%. Protease ekstraselular juga didapati serasi dengan beberapa cecair detergen komersial dari Malaysia, yang menunjukkan protease ini boleh dimanfaatkan sebagai pembersih kotoran pada pakaian. Selain itu, potensi kegunaan protease yang dihasilkan oleh B. lehensis G1 ke atas penguraian gelatin dari filem X-ray yang telah digunakan juga telah dilakukan di dalam kajian ini.
Fulltext Review on the Control of Waterborne Diseases –The Islamic Approach.

Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Afzan Mat Yusof, Mohammed Abdullah Jainul

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(102):137-140.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Scarcity of fresh water is currently blighting the population of the least developed countries around the world. According to WHO, waterborne diseases accounts for 4.1% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) with a mortality rate of 1.8 million per year. Numerous pathogens and chemicals may be the potential sources of water contamination that leads to waterborne diseases in humans. Some pathogens are only active and express disease whilst within the host. The aim of this article is to identify the cause of water-borne diseases and how to control it from the Islamic perspective. Material and Methods: In this review we had compiled the latest scientific findings related to waterborne diseases and integrated them with Islamic approach of cleanliness. There are many Hadithsof the Prophet (peace be upon him) (PBUH) regarding methods of cleanliness with scientific background to control waterborne diseases. Water pollution may be a natural process, men made, intentional or accidental. More often than not, man are infected after accidently consuming or coming in contact with contaminated water Results: Scientific literature search reveals that individual hygiene and sanitation is the most prominent way to prevent waterborne diseases. In Islam, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) puts a great emphasize on purification in terms of personal cleanliness and made it mandatory to follow rule to remain pure both physically and spiritually. Conclusions: Sunnaticapproaches of cleanliness may hinder waterborne disease.
Fulltext Effect of small-sided games rule changes on time spent in different intensity zones, frequency of technical actions and distance covered during soccer training

Muhammad Taufiq Cheng Abdullah, Kok, Lian-Yee, Chee, Chen-Soon

Movement Health & Exercise, 2020;9(2):71-84.
MyJurnal

Purpose: The efficacy of SSGs has been difficult to assess as researchers have used a wide-ranging number of players, pitch dimensions and game rules, making comparisons complicated. Therefore, this study compared four SSG rules [one (SSG1T), two (SSG2T), three (SSG3T), and unlimited touches (SSGFT)] on time spent in different heart-rate (HR) intensity zones, frequency of technical actions and distance covered involving the starting 11 players and the reserve goalkeeper of a national soccer league team. Methods: The participants (age: 24.3±4.0 yr; height: 171.2±5.9 cm: weight: 61.9±7.4 kg) were measured for previously mentioned dependent variables during each SSG format. Results: Analysis found no significant difference among the four SSGs formats [F(3, 27) = 2.897, p = .053] for time spent in the low-intensity zone, but significant differences were observed for time spent in moderate [F(3, 27) = 13.642, p = .001] and high [F(3, 27) = 13.431, p = .001] intensity zones. Significantly more time was spent in the high intensity zone [F(3, 27) = 13.431, p = .001] when players performed SSG2T and SSGFT when compared SSG1T (p = .002 and p = .009) respectively. SSG1T induced most unsuccessful passing [F(3,27) = 500.498, p = .001] but no differences was observed among SSG2T, SSG3T and SSGFT. SSG2T, SSG3T and SSG3T obtained significantly more shots on goal shots on goal [F(3,27) = 25.398, p = .001], with SSGFT achieving higher numbers than the other three formats. There were no significant differences in goals scored (p = .537) and distance covered (p = 0.574) for all SSG formats. Conclusion: The main findings of this study revealed that all four SSG formats stimulated moderate to high heart rate intensities that could induce positive aerobic and anaerobic adaptations depending on frequency of technical actions and players’ skill level. Therefore, coaches could select specific SSG formats to help players achieved intended intensity and technical objectives programmed for different phases of periodized training.
Fulltext Social & behavioral risk factors and early childhood caries – a cross-sectional study on preschool children in Shah Alam

Norashikin,Yusof,, Luqman,Arif,Muhammad,Ghazali,, Nur,Shahirah,Zulkifle,

Compendium of Oral Science, 2021;8(1):12-17.
MyJurnal

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) remains a major challenge among the 5-6 year olds in Malaysia
with a caries prevalence of 71.3% as indicated in the last survey of preschool children in 2015. Studies have
shown that behavior and income status can influence development of ECC. Objectives: The aim of this study
was to measure the caries prevalence among 2 – 5 years old preschool children and to study the association of
parents’ socio behavioral factors on ECC. Materials and methods: 140 preschool children participated in this
study. Parents were given a set of structured questionnaires and oral examination was conducted on their children
after receiving consent. Results: Findings showed prevalence of dental caries was 50.1% with mean dft score
of 2.51. There was significant association between dental caries and children drinking formula milk and sweet
drinks in their bottles: (p
Fulltext Correction: The Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR) Standard: Systematic Literature Review of Implementations, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities

Ayaz M, Pasha MF, Alzahrani MY, Budiarto R, Stiawan D

JMIR Med Inform, 2021 Aug 17;9(8):e32869.
PMID: 34403353 DOI: 10.2196/32869

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/21929.].
Fulltext Expression of a key gene involved in the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin E in red pericarp and white rice grains

Fasahat, P., Abdullah, A., Muhammad, K., Wickneswari, R.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(6):3395-3401.
MyJurnal

Tocochromanols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) unitedly known as vitamin E, are the necessary antioxidant components of both human and animal diets. There is a considerable interest in plants with increased or customized vitamin E content, due to their potential health benefits. To quantify the tocochromanol content and determine the expression of a key tocotrienol biosynthesis gene among a set of contrasting red pericarp and light brown rice genotypes of advanced breeding lines together with their parents; expression pattern of homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), the key gene was studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in milky and matured grain stages. Vitamin E analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The chloroform-methanolic extracts prepared from red pericarp and light brown rice advanced breeding lines showed significant differences for vitamin E content. Averaged across all samples, the content of γ-tocotrienol > α-tocopherol > α-tocotrienol > γ-tocopherol > δ-tocotrienol, and total E vitamin content ranged from 10.30 to 31.65 µg/g. Genotype G37 (red pericarp) was found to have higher expression than G7 (light brown) and G33 (red pericarp) at both grain development stages but lower than both parents whereas their transcript levels were comparatively lower in mature grain, which indicates their possible regulation by plant growth stage. HPLC results of γ-tocotrienol content supported gene expression results with the exception of the recurrent parent MR219.
Fulltext Factors affecting dining satisfaction and acceptability of food item among athletes during a sporting event

Mohalijah, M.A., Boo, H.C., Muhammad Shahrim, A.K., Ainul Zakiah, A.B.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(5):1719-1724.
MyJurnal

Athletes are a special group of consumers whose specific diet requirement is important during training and competition to ensure their success. As commercial foodservice establishments are increasing involved in providing foods to this group of consumers on one hand and the lack of research investigating the athletes’ dining satisfaction, especially meeting their diet requirement on the other hand, this study was conducted to investigate the influence of nutritional factors in athletes’ dining satisfaction and the acceptance of various foods provided in an international sporting event. Following a stratified random sampling, 700 athletes were selected from the entire population of 1330 participants. The final usable sample size was 450 (64.3% response rate). Regression analysis revealed that overall service, overall food quality, grooming of server, and nutritional information tag significantly influence the overall dining satisfaction among athletes. In addition, nutritional value, menu variety, fat content, freshness, and taste were found as the most important determinant in almost all food categories. It is intriguing that meeting diet requirement is not a significant factor but nutritional information tag is. Important implications were discussed. Nutrition education is recommended for foodservice operators especially when they are involved in providing food for sporting events. It is advisable that an appointed specialized sport dietitian or nutritionist to a sporting event works together with the foodservice operators to ensure that the menu meets the nutritional requirement of athletes.
Fulltext Modelling of single and binary adsorptions of heavy metals onto activated carbon-equilibrium studies

Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Saidatul Shima, J., Choong, Thomas S.Y., Muhammad

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2010;18(1):-.
MyJurnal

A series of batch laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the suitability of activated carbon SA2 for the removal of cadmium ions and zinc ions from their aqueous solutions. The single component equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Overall, the Langmuir isotherm showed a better fitting for all adsorptions under investigation in terms of correlation coefficient and error analysis (SSE only 18.2 for Cd2+ and 47.95 for Zn2+). As the binary adsorption is competitive, extended Langmuir models could not predict the binary component isotherm well. The modified extended Langmuir models were used to fit the binary system equilibrium data. The binary isotherm data could be described reasonably well by the modified
extended Langmuir model, as indicated in the error analysis.
Fulltext New red rice transgressive variants with high antioxidant capacity

Fasahat, P., Wickneswari, R., Abdullah, A., Musa, K.H., Muhammad, K.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1497-1501.
MyJurnal

Red coloured rice, has been shown to contain high levels of bioactive properties. The aim of this study was to quantify the major antioxidant compounds in the whole grain of two new red rice transgressive variants together with their parents which was determined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method, measured in methanol extract. A Thailand commercial red rice was used as a control. Although, the ORAC values for some red rice samples were similar, they were higher than light brown rice control, MR219. The antioxidant capacity was also evaluated by ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay. FRAP result was well correlated with ORAC (r = 0.94).
Fulltext Safety assessment of a new developed fruit juice product - mixed fruit Juice in experimental rats

Hadijah, H., Norazlanshah, H., Muhammad, I., Roowi, S.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(6):2657-2663.
MyJurnal

The interest in dietary antioxidants which are mainly found in fruits, has prompted research in
the field of commercial high antioxidant juice for healthy purposes. Fruits also are rich with antioxidants that help in reducing of degenerative diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular
disease and inflammation. Based on the health claims from the natural antioxidants, a new healthy juice called Mixed Fruit Juice (MFJ) has been developed by using three combinations of local fruits (soursop, mango and kasturi lime). In order to promote the commercial use of this product, the safety evaluation is needed to be carried out. The 28-days repeated toxicity test has been conducted in female and male rats for pre-clinical safety assessment prior to human study. There was no mortality observed when varying doses of the MFJ (5, 10 and 20%) administered to all rats. Hematological analysis showed no significant differences in most parameters examined. There were no significant changes observed in the liver and kidney functions tests of all treated-rats as compared to control normal rats. Furthermore, lipid profiles and blood glucose level were also within the normal range as noted in control rats. The present data demonstrate that the supplementation of MFJ did not produce adverse effects on the body system of experimental rats. This is the first documented report on the safety assessment of
MFJ in rats.
Fulltext Research notes on the prevalence and ovipositional tendency of forensically important scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) found in an urban area in Malaysia

Tan, Yap Hoon, Raja Muhammad Zuha, Baharudin Omar

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2012;10(1):57-60.
MyJurnal

Phorid flies play an important role in forensic cases and can cause myiasis in humans. Studies on phorid flies species diversity are still limited in Malaysia. This research was carried out to collect information about species and frequency distribution of phorid flies as to provide more information on their roles in forensic and medical entomology. Bait trap was used with 100 g beef liver as baits. The species of the flies were identified using identification keys from Disney as well as Brown and Oliver. There were 449 phorid flies found in Kepong, Kuala Lumpur including Megaselia scalaris, Megaselia spiracularis, Megaselia sp. and phorid flies of genus X. Female phorid flies (98.89%) were found more prone to be trapped compared to male phorid flies (1.11%). Most phorid flies trapped in Kepong, Kuala Lumpur were from genus Megaselia and consisted of female flies. A total of five species of phorid flies probably new to science were also discovered. This study showed that Megaselia flies were found indoors rather than in open spaces. This was corresponding to their discoveries among the decomposing corpse found inside premises.
Fulltext Oleic acid enhancement of Moringa oleifera seed oil by enzymatic transesterification and fractionation

Abdulkarim, S.M., Lai, O.M., Muhammad, S.K.S., Long, K., Ghazali, H.M.

International Food Research Journal, 2007;14(2):91-102.
MyJurnal

Solvent-extracted Moringa oleifera seed oil was transesterified using immobilized lipase (Lipozyme IM 60) (Novozymes Bagsvaerd Denmark) at 1% (w/w) concentration, shaken at 60oC and 200 rpm for up to 24h. After transesterification, the oil was fractionated with acetone at -18oC and without acetone at 10oC to obtain two fractions, stearin and olein fractions. Incubation of the transesterified oil at 10oC for 24 h resulted in the formation of fat crystals, which settled at the bottom of the flask in sample transesterified for 24 h, while the control (0 h) sample became rather viscous with fat crystals in suspension. Transesterification resulted in a change in the triacylglycerol (TAG) profile of the oil, which in turn affected its solid fat content (SFC) and thermal behavior. The SFC value at 0oC after 24 h of reaction was 10.35% and significantly (P

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