Displaying publications 341 - 360 of 799 in total

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  1. A robust real-time gait event detection using wireless gyroscope and its application on normal and altered gaits
    Gouwanda D, Gopalai AA
    Med Eng Phys, 2015 Feb;37(2):219-25.
    PMID: 25619613 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.12.004
    Gait events detection allows clinicians and biomechanics researchers to determine timing of gait events, to estimate duration of stance phase and swing phase and to segment gait data. It also aids biomedical engineers to improve the design of orthoses and FES (functional electrical stimulation) systems. In recent years, researchers have resorted to using gyroscopes to determine heel-strike (HS) and toe-off (TO) events in gait cycles. However, these methods are subjected to significant delays when implemented in real-time gait monitoring devices, orthoses, and FES systems. Therefore, the work presented in this paper proposes a method that addresses these delays, to ensure real-time gait event detection. The proposed algorithm combines the use of heuristics and zero-crossing method to identify HS and TO. Experiments involving: (1) normal walking; (2) walking with knee brace; and (3) walking with ankle brace for overground walking and treadmill walking were designed to verify and validate the identified HS and TO. The performance of the proposed method was compared against the established gait detection algorithms. It was observed that the proposed method produced detection rate that was comparable to earlier reported methods and recorded reduced time delays, at an average of 100 ms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology/instrumentation*
  2. Fulltext Green communication for cognitive radio networks based on game and utility-pricing theories
    Mukhlif F, Noordin KAB, Abdulghafoor OB, Izam TFTMN
    PLoS One, 2020;15(8):e0235953.
    PMID: 32841253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235953
    The most crucial challenge in the functioning of the wireless networks is the efficient utilization of radio resources. A significant element of resource handling is power regulation. With increasing requirement of wireless data transmission services, it is essential to devise energy harvesting techniques for mobile devices. In this research, a new methodology has been proposed for distributed power regulation in cognitive radio, networks of CR are grounded on non-cooperation game phenomenon and pricing technique. QoS (Quality of service) of the user of CR is anticipated as a beneficial activity through pricing as well as dissemination of energy generating as an unbeneficial game wherein the consumers increase their overall efficacy. The price is defined as an actual function of transmission power to upraise the pricing of the most distant consumers. The proposed mathematical model shows that the proposed game model has a Nash equilibrium and is also unique. Furthermore, in order to make the proposed algorithm valid for green communication within the wireless network, the best response technique was proposed. Finally, simulation results showed that the proposed energy harvesting technique, grounded on a unique function of the utilization, reduces the consumption of transmission power and greatly improves the convergence speed; which are suitable for the vision of the 5G networks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology/economics*
  3. Fulltext Potential application of Aloe Vera-derived plant-based cell in powering wireless device for remote sensor activation
    Chong PL, Singh AK, Kok SL
    PLoS One, 2019;14(12):e0227153.
    PMID: 31881078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227153
    It is well proven that electrical energy can be harvested from the living plants which can be used as a potential renewable energy source for powering wireless devices in remote areas where replacing or recharging the battery is a difficult task. Therefore, harvesting electrical energy from living plants in remote areas such as in farms or forest areas can be an ideal source of energy as these areas are rich with living plants. The present paper proposes a design of a power management circuit that can harness, store and manage the electrical energy which is harvested from the leaves of Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera) plants to trigger a transmitter load to power a remote sensor. The power management circuit consists of two sections namely; an energy storage system that acts as an energy storage reservoir to store the energy harvested from the plants as well as a voltage regulation system which is used to boost and manage the energy in accordance to a load operation. The experimental results show that the electrical energy harvested from the Aloe Vera under a specific setup condition can produce an output of 3.49 V and 1.1 mA. The harvested energy is being channeled to the power management circuit which can boost the voltage to 10.9 V under no load condition. The harvested energy from the plants boosted by the power management circuit can turn ON the transmitter automatically to activate a temperature and humidity sensor to measure the environmental stimuli periodically with a ton of 1.22 seconds and toff of 0.46 seconds. This proves that this new source of energy combined with a power management circuit can be employed for powering the wireless sensor network for application in the Internet of Things (IoT).
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology/instrumentation*
  4. Technology, knowledge systems, population dynamics, and coastal ecosystems
    Williams MJ
    Ambio, 2002 Jun;31(4):337-9.
    PMID: 12174604
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology*
  5. Fulltext Optimized backoff scheme for prioritized data in wireless sensor networks: A class of service approach
    Onwuegbuzie IU, Abd Razak S, Fauzi Isnin I, Darwish TSJ, Al-Dhaqm A
    PLoS One, 2020;15(8):e0237154.
    PMID: 32797055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237154
    Data prioritization of heterogeneous data in wireless sensor networks gives meaning to mission-critical data that are time-sensitive as this may be a matter of life and death. However, the standard IEEE 802.15.4 does not consider the prioritization of data. Prioritization schemes proffered in the literature have not adequately addressed this issue as proposed schemes either uses a single or complex backoff algorithm to estimate backoff time-slots for prioritized data. Subsequently, the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance scheme exhibits an exponentially increasing range of backoff times. These approaches are not only inefficient but result in high latency and increased power consumption. In this article, the concept of class of service (CS) was adopted to prioritize heterogeneous data (real-time and non-real-time), resulting in an optimized prioritized backoff MAC scheme called Class of Service Traffic Priority-based Medium Access Control (CSTP-MAC). This scheme classifies data into high priority data (HPD) and low priority data (LPD) by computing backoff times with expressions peculiar to the data priority class. The improved scheme grants nodes the opportunity to access the shared medium in a timely and power-efficient manner. Benchmarked against contemporary schemes, CSTP-MAC attained a 99% packet delivery ratio with improved power saving capability, which translates to a longer operational lifetime.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology*
  6. Fulltext Cerium oxide nanoparticles: green synthesis and biological applications
    Charbgoo F, Ahmad MB, Darroudi M
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2017;12:1401-1413.
    PMID: 28260887 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S124855
    CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising approaches as therapeutic agents in biology and medical sciences. The physicochemical properties of CeO2-NPs, such as size, agglomeration status in liquid, and surface charge, play important roles in the ultimate interactions of the NP with target cells. Recently, CeO2-NPs have been synthesized through several bio-directed methods applying natural and organic matrices as stabilizing agents in order to prepare biocompatible CeO2-NPs, thereby solving the challenges regarding safety, and providing the appropriate situation for their effective use in biomedicine. This review discusses the different green strategies for CeO2-NPs synthesis, their advantages and challenges that are to be overcome. In addition, this review focuses on recent progress in the potential application of CeO2-NPs in biological and medical fields. Exploiting biocompatible CeO2-NPs may improve outcomes profoundly with the promise of effective neurodegenerative therapy and multiple applications in nanobiotechnology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Green Chemistry Technology/methods*
  7. Fulltext Sustainable strategies for using natural extracts in smart food packaging
    Sheibani S, Jafarzadeh S, Qazanfarzadeh Z, Osadee Wijekoon MMJ, Mohd Rozalli NH, Mohammadi Nafchi A
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 May;267(Pt 1):131537.
    PMID: 38608975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131537
    The growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly food packaging has prompted research on innovative solutions to environmental and consumer health issues. To enhance the properties of smart packaging, the incorporation of bioactive compounds derived from various natural sources has attracted considerable interest because of their functional properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. However, extracting these compounds from natural sources poses challenges because of their complex chemical structures and low concentrations. Traditional extraction methods are often environmentally harmful, expensive and time-consuming. Thus, green extraction techniques have emerged as promising alternatives, offering sustainable and eco-friendly approaches that minimise the use of hazardous solvents and reduce environmental impact. This review explores cutting-edge research on the green extraction of bioactive compounds and their incorporation into smart packaging systems in the last 10 years. Then, an overview of bioactive compounds, green extraction techniques, integrated techniques, green extraction solvents and their application in smart packaging was provided, and the impact of bioactive compounds incorporated in smart packaging on the shelf lives of food products was explored. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges and opportunities within this field and presents recommendations for future research, aiming to contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient smart packaging solutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Green Chemistry Technology/methods
  8. Preparing future doctors for evidence-based practice: a study on health technology assessment awareness and its predictors in Malaysia
    Mohamad NF, Mansor Z, Mahmud A, Mohamed Ghazali IM, Sarimin R
    Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 2024 Feb 28;40(1):e18.
    PMID: 38415300 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462324000102
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of awareness of health technology assessment (HTA) and its predictors among clinical year medical students in public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study using the stratified random sampling method was conducted among clinical year medical students in four public universities in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data on the level of awareness of HTA and its associated factors were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 27 to determine the level of awareness of HTA and its predictors.

    RESULTS: Majority (69 percent) of participants had a low level of awareness of HTA. The predictors of high-level awareness of HTA were attitude toward HTA (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.417, 95 percent confidence interval (CI): 3.491, 15.758), peer interaction on HTA (AOR = 0.320, 95 percent CI: 0.115, 0.888), and previous training on HTA (AOR = 4.849, 95 percent CI: 1.096, 21.444).

    CONCLUSIONS: Most future doctors in public universities exhibit a low awareness of HTA. This study highlights the interplay between attitudes toward HTA, peer interaction, and previous training as influential predictors of HTA awareness. An integrated and comprehensive educational approach is recommended to cultivate a positive attitude and harness the positive aspects of peer interaction while mitigating the potential negative impact of misconceptions. Emphasizing early exposure to HTA concepts through structured programs is crucial for empowering the upcoming generation of healthcare professionals, enabling them to navigate HTA complexities and contribute to evidence-based healthcare practices in Malaysia and beyond.

    Matched MeSH terms: Technology Assessment, Biomedical*
  9. Fulltext A comprehensive study of data collection schemes using mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks
    Khan AW, Abdullah AH, Anisi MH, Bangash JI
    Sensors (Basel), 2014 Feb 05;14(2):2510-48.
    PMID: 24504107 DOI: 10.3390/s140202510
    Recently sink mobility has been exploited in numerous schemes to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Contrary to traditional WSNs where sensory data from sensor field is ultimately sent to a static sink, mobile sink-based approaches alleviate energy-holes issues thereby facilitating balanced energy consumption among nodes. In mobility scenarios, nodes need to keep track of the latest location of mobile sinks for data delivery. However, frequent propagation of sink topological updates undermines the energy conservation goal and therefore should be controlled. Furthermore, controlled propagation of sinks' topological updates affects the performance of routing strategies thereby increasing data delivery latency and reducing packet delivery ratios. This paper presents a taxonomy of various data collection/dissemination schemes that exploit sink mobility. Based on how sink mobility is exploited in the sensor field, we classify existing schemes into three classes, namely path constrained, path unconstrained, and controlled sink mobility-based schemes. We also organize existing schemes based on their primary goals and provide a comparative study to aid readers in selecting the appropriate scheme in accordance with their particular intended applications and network dynamics. Finally, we conclude our discussion with the identification of some unresolved issues in pursuit of data delivery to a mobile sink.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology
  10. Fulltext Investigation of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in MoS2- and WS2-Protected Titanium Side-Polished Optical Fiber as a Humidity Sensor
    Zakaria R, Zainuddin NAM, Leong TC, Rosli R, Rusdi MF, Harun SW, et al.
    Micromachines (Basel), 2019 Jul 11;10(7).
    PMID: 31336745 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070465
    In this paper, we report the effects of a side-polished fiber (SPF) coated with titanium (Ti) films in different thicknesses, namely 5 nm, 13 nm, and 36 nm, protected by a thin layer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), which provide ultra-sensitive sensor-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) covering from the visible to mid-infrared region. The SPF deposited with Ti exhibits strong evanescent field interaction with the MoS2 and WS2, and good optical absorption, hence resulting in high-sensitivity performance. Incremental increases in the thickness of the Ti layer contribute to the enhancement of the intensity of transmission with redshift and broad spectra. The findings show that the optimum thickness of Ti with 36 nm combined with MoS2 causes weak redshifts of the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mode, while the same thickness of Ti with WS2 causes large blueshifts. The redshifts are possibly due to a reduced plasmon-coupling effect with the excitonic region of MoS2. The observed blueshifts of the LSPR peak position are possibly due to surface modification between WS2 and Ti. Changing the relative humidity from 58% to 88% only elicited a response in Ti/MoS2. Thus, MoS2 shows more sensitivity on 36-nm thickness of Ti compared with WS2. Therefore, the proposed fiber-optic sensor with integration of 2D materials is capable of measuring humidity in any environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fiber Optic Technology
  11. Fulltext Sensitivities of Rheological Properties of Magnetoactive Foam for Soft Sensor Technology
    Norhaniza R, Mazlan SA, Ubaidillah U, Sedlacik M, Aziz SAA, Nazmi N, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2021 Feb 28;21(5).
    PMID: 33670872 DOI: 10.3390/s21051660
    Magnetoactive (MA) foam, with its tunable mechanical properties and magnetostriction, has the potential to be used for the development of soft sensor technology. However, researchers have found that its mechanical properties and magnetostriction are morphologically dependent, thereby limiting its capabilities for dexterous manipulation. Thus, in this work, MA foam was developed with additional capabilities for controlling its magnetostriction, normal force, storage modulus, shear stress and torque by manipulating the concentration of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and the magnetic field with regard to morphological changes. MA foams were prepared with three weight percentages of CIPs, namely, 35 wt.%, 55 wt.% and 75 wt.%, and three different modes, namely, zero shear, constant shear and various shears. The results showed that the MA foam with 75 wt.% of CIPs enhanced the normal force sensitivity and positive magnetostriction sensitivity by up to 97% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of the storage modulus, torque and shear stress were 8.97 Pa/mT, 0.021 µN/mT, and 0.0096 Pa/mT, respectively. Meanwhile, the magnetic dipolar interaction between the CIPs was capable of changing the property of MA foam from a positive to a negative magnetostriction under various shear strains with a low loss of energy. Therefore, it is believed that this kind of highly sensitive MA foam can potentially be implemented in future soft sensor systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  12. Fulltext Sustaining the authentic Malay cuisine: a qualitative inquiry on the practices of Malay professional chefs at hotels in the Klang valley
    NURUL ASIKIN ISMAIL, MOHHIDIN OTHMAN, M. SHAHRIM AB KARIM
    Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2017;4(1):33-52.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to identify the practices of Malay chefs in preparing traditional Malay dishes at hotels in the Klang Valley. In addition, this study aimed to identify the level of knowledge and practices of these chefs with regard to traditional cooking and to analyse how the knowledge could be passed on to the younger generation of Malay chefs. In reality, these practices and traditions which include the practices in food preparation, skills and cooking techniques to maintain the authenticity and sustainability of the traditional Malay cuisine are slowly being neglected, especially among those in the hotel industry. The younger generation of Malay chefs no longer seems to take pride in the traditional way of cooking. In addition, the use of processed food in Malay kitchens is very common today. In order to achieve the aims of the study, a qualitative research was conducted. Chefs at various hotels in the Klang Valley were interviewed to determine their current practices. The findings showed that the techniques of cooking traditional Malay foods have been tainted with modern culinary techniques due to a lack of exposure and knowledge in traditional Malay cuisine. In general, traditional cooking methods are viewed as outdated, obsolete and not in accordance to modernisation. By conforming to the style of cooking with modern equipment and technology, this has indirectly altered the prevailing practices of the traditional food preparation in hotels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  13. Aquaculture industry: Supply and demand, best practices, effluent and its current issues and treatment technology
    Ahmad A, Sheikh Abdullah SR, Hasan HA, Othman AR, Ismail N'
    J Environ Manage, 2021 Jun 01;287:112271.
    PMID: 33706093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112271
    The aquaculture industry has become increasingly important and is rapidly growing in terms of providing a protein food source for human consumption. With the increase in the global population, demand for aquaculture is high and is estimated to reach 62% of the total global production by 2030. In 2018, it was reported that the demand for aquaculture was 46% of the total production, and with the current positive trends, it may be possible to increase tremendously in the coming years. China is still one of the main players in global aquaculture production. Due to high demand, aquaculture production generates large volumes of effluent, posing a great danger to the environment. Aquaculture effluent comprises solid waste and dissolved constituents, including nutrients and contaminants of emerging concern, thereby bringing detrimental impacts such as eutrophication, chemical toxicity, and food insecurity. Waste can be removed through culture systems, constructed wetlands, biofloc, and other treatment technologies. Some methods have the potential to be applied as zero-waste discharge treatment. Thus, this article analyses the supply and demand for aquaculture products, the best practices adopted in the aquaculture industry, effluent characteristics, current issues, and effluent treatment technology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  14. Fulltext Detection and Mitigation of RPL Rank and Version Number Attacks in the Internet of Things: SRPL-RP
    A Almusaylim Z, Jhanjhi NZ, Alhumam A
    Sensors (Basel), 2020 Oct 22;20(21).
    PMID: 33105891 DOI: 10.3390/s20215997
    The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the massive propagation of wireless technologies has revealed recent opportunities for development in various domains of real life, such as smart cities and E-Health applications. A slight defense against different forms of attack is offered for the current secure and lightweight Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) of IoT resource-constrained devices. Data packets are highly likely to be exposed in transmission during data packet routing. The RPL rank and version number attacks, which are two forms of RPL attacks, can have critical consequences for RPL networks. The studies conducted on these attacks have several security defects and performance shortcomings. In this research, we propose a Secure RPL Routing Protocol (SRPL-RP) for rank and version number attacks. This mainly detects, mitigates, and isolates attacks in RPL networks. The detection is based on a comparison of the rank strategy. The mitigation uses threshold and attack status tables, and the isolation adds them to a blacklist table and alerts nodes to skip them. SRPL-RP supports diverse types of network topologies and is comprehensively analyzed with multiple studies, such as Standard RPL with Attacks, Sink-Based Intrusion Detection Systems (SBIDS), and RPL+Shield. The analysis results showed that the SRPL-RP achieved significant improvements with a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 98.48%, a control message value of 991 packets/second, and an average energy consumption of 1231.75 joules. SRPL-RP provided a better accuracy rate of 98.30% under the attacks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology
  15. Fulltext Comparison between conventional human energy measurement and physical human energy measurement methods in wetland rice production
    Elsoragaby S, Yahya A, Nawi NM, Mahadi MR, Mairghany M, Muazu A, et al.
    Heliyon, 2020 Nov;6(11):e05332.
    PMID: 33294651 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05332
    Measurement of human energy expenditure during crop production helps in the optimization of production operations and costs by identifying steps which that can benefit from the use of appropriate mechanization technologies. This study measures human energy expenditure associated with all 6 major rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation operations using two measurement methods-i.e. conventional human energy expenditure method and direct measurement with a Garmin forerunner 35 body media. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed comparison of these two methods and document the human energy costs in a manner that will identify steps to be taken to help optimize agricultural practices. Results (mean + 95%CL) revealed that the total human energy expenditure obtained through the conventional method was 25.5% higher (33.3 ± 1 versus 26.6 ± 1.3) in transplanting and 26.1% higher (30.3 ± 1.9 versus 24.0 ± 2.1) than the human energy expenditure recorded using the Garmin method in broadcast seeding method. Similarly, during the harvesting operation, the conventional measurement and Garmin measurement methods differed significantly, with the conventional method the human energy expenditure was 89.9% higher (3.2 ± 0.4 versus 1.68 ± 0.2) in the fields using the transplanting and 88.7% higher (3.3 ± 0.5 versus 1.8 ± 0.3) in the fields using the broadcast seeding than the human energy expenditure recorded using the Garmin method. When using Garmin method, the human energy expenditure in the case of using the midsize combine harvester was 13.49% lesser (592.4 ± 67.2 versus 522.0 ± 75.1) than the case of using conventional one. Results based on heart rate also indicated that operations such as tillage were less intensive (72 ± 3.3 bpm) compared with operations such as chemicals spraying (135 ± 4 bpm). Although we did not have a criterion measure available to determine which method was the most accurate, the Garmin measurement gives an estimate of actual physical human energy expended in performing a specific task with consider all conditions and thus more information to aid in identifying critical operations that could be optimized and mechanized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  16. Fulltext Measurement and Mapping of Wi-Fi Radiation Level at Hamdan Tahir Library, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus
    Supardi, N. F., Mohd Taib, N. H., Abu Amat, N. H., Yusoff, M. N. S.
    Physics and Technology in Medicine, 2020;1(1):52-57.
    MyJurnal
    Wi-Fi is a wireless communication technology that uses specific electromagnetic frequencies. The increasing use of Wi-Fi has raised public concerns about the impact of electromagnetic radiation on the environment and human health. Since the exposure level of the electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation differs between different locations, it is important to measure the strength of the EMF at various locations under observation. This study aimed to obtain specific values related to the radiofrequency and microwave EMF which is described by four specific parameters, that are 1) the frequency of the wave, 2) the electric field strength E, 3) the magnetic field strength H, and 4) the power density S. This study was carried out at the first floor area of Hamdan Tahir Library, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus. Mapping of Wi-Fi signal and measurement of Wi-Fi radiation level was performed at four specific locations, that are Laptop zone 1, Laptop zone 2, Computer lab, and Cozy corner. The average radiation level was compared with the ICNIRP standard limit for public user. It was observed that the Wi-Fi signal was highest in Laptop zone 2 followed by Laptop zone 1 which displayed a moderate signal strength. Whereas moderate but lower signal level was detected in Computer lab zone and Cozy corner. The electric and magnetic fields as well as power density were found highest in Laptop zone 1, followed by Laptop zone 2, Cozy corner, and Computer lab. Comparison with standard ICNIRP limit showed that the radiation level is still far below the ICNIRP limit, which is only 2% of exposure level. To conclude, Laptop zone 2 exhibited the strongest Wi-Fi signal whereas Laptop zone 1 displayed the highest radiation level. However, the strength of the electric and magnetic fields as well as power density is still far below the ICNIRP limit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wireless Technology
  17. Prostate organoid technology - the new POT of gold in prostate stem cell and cancer research
    Mai CW, Shu Y, Cheong SK, Chua CW
    Sheng Li Xue Bao, 2021 Apr 25;73(2):181-196.
    PMID: 33903880
    Organoids are self-organized cellular clusters in three-dimensional culture, which can be derived from a single stem cell, progenitor or cell clusters of different lineages resembling in vivo tissue architecture of an organ. In the recent years, organoids technology has contributed to the revolutionary changes in stem cell and cancer fields. In this review, we have briefly overviewed the emerging landscape of prostate organoid technology (POT) in prostate research. In addition, we have also summarized the potential application of POT in the understanding of prostate stem cell and cancer biology and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. Lastly, we have critically discussed key challenges that lie in the current state of POT and provided a future perspective on the second-generation of POT, which should better recapitulate cellular behaviors and drug responses of prostate cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  18. Fulltext A Study on Arrhythmia via ECG Signal Classification Using the Convolutional Neural Network
    Wu M, Lu Y, Yang W, Wong SY
    Front Comput Neurosci, 2020;14:564015.
    PMID: 33469423 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2020.564015
    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death today. The current identification method of the diseases is analyzing the Electrocardiogram (ECG), which is a medical monitoring technology recording cardiac activity. Unfortunately, looking for experts to analyze a large amount of ECG data consumes too many medical resources. Therefore, the method of identifying ECG characteristics based on machine learning has gradually become prevalent. However, there are some drawbacks to these typical methods, requiring manual feature recognition, complex models, and long training time. This paper proposes a robust and efficient 12-layer deep one-dimensional convolutional neural network on classifying the five micro-classes of heartbeat types in the MIT- BIH Arrhythmia database. The five types of heartbeat features are classified, and wavelet self-adaptive threshold denoising method is used in the experiments. Compared with BP neural network, random forest, and other CNN networks, the results show that the model proposed in this paper has better performance in accuracy, sensitivity, robustness, and anti-noise capability. Its accurate classification effectively saves medical resources, which has a positive effect on clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  19. Fulltext Cholinesterase-based biosensor for preliminary detection of toxic heavy metals in the environment and agricultural-based products
    Sabullah, M. K., Khalidi, S. A. M., Abdullah, R., Sani, S. A., Gansau, J. A., Ahmad, S. A., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(4):597-609.
    MyJurnal
    Heavy metals with high chemical activity from sludge and waste release, agriculture, and
    mining activity are a major concern. They should be carefully managed before reaching the
    main water bodies. Excessive exposure to heavy metal may cause toxic effect to any types of
    organism from the biomolecular to the physiological level, and ultimately cause death. Monitoring is the best technique to ensure the safety of our environment before a rehabilitation is
    needed. Nowadays, enzyme-based biosensors are utilised in biomonitoring programmes as
    this technique allows for a real-time detection and rapid result. It is also inexpensive and easy
    to handle. Enzyme-based biosensors are an alternative for the preliminary screening of
    contamination before a secondary screening is performed using high-performance technology.
    This review highlights the current knowledge on enzyme-based biosensors, focusing on
    cholinesterase for toxic metal detection in the environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
  20. Fulltext Potential for Natural Fiber Reinforcement in PLA Polymer Filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing: A Review
    Lee CH, Padzil FNBM, Lee SH, Ainun ZMA, Abdullah LC
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Apr 27;13(9).
    PMID: 33925266 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091407
    In this review, the potential of natural fiber and kenaf fiber (KF) reinforced PLA composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D-printing technology is highlighted. Additive manufacturing is a material-processing method in which the addition of materials layer by layer creates a three-dimensional object. Unfortunately, it still cannot compete with conventional manufacturing processes, and instead serves as an economically effective tool for small-batch or high-variety product production. Being preformed of composite filaments makes it easiest to print using an FDM 3D printer without or with minimum alteration to the hardware parts. On the other hand, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite filaments have gained great attention in the market. However, uneven printing, clogging, and the inhomogeneous distribution of the fiber-matrix remain the main challenges. At the same time, kenaf fibers are one of the most popular reinforcements in polymer composites. Although they have a good record on strength reinforcement, with low cost and light weight, kenaf fiber reinforcement PLA filament is still seldom seen in previous studies. Therefore, this review serves to promote kenaf fiber in PLA composite filaments for FDM 3D printing. To promote the use of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite in AM, eight challenges must be solved and carried out. Moreover, some concerns arise to achieve long-term sustainability and market acceptability of KF/PLA composite filaments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Technology
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