Displaying publications 3781 - 3800 of 8213 in total

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  1. A simplified multiplex PCR assay for fast and easy discrimination of globally distributed staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Nor Shamsudin M, Sekawi Z, van Belkum A, Neela V
    J Med Microbiol, 2010 Oct;59(Pt 10):1135-1139.
    PMID: 20616192 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.021956-0
    A multiplex PCR assay was developed for the identification of major types and subtypes of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The method uses a novel 9 valent multiplex PCR plus two primer pairs for S. aureus identification and detection of meticillin resistance. All 389 clinical MRSA isolates from Malaysia and 18 European isolates from the Harmony collection harbouring different SCCmec types that we tested were correctly characterized by our PCR assay. SCCmec type III and V were by far the most common types among both hospital- and community-acquired Malaysian MRSA isolates, with an apparent emergence of MRSA harbouring the IVh type.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics*; DNA Primers/genetics; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics*
  2. Regional and accelerated molecular evolution in group I snake venom gland phospholipase A2 isozymes
    Chuman Y, Nobuhisa I, Ogawa T, Deshimaru M, Chijiwa T, Tan NH, et al.
    Toxicon, 2000 Mar;38(3):449-62.
    PMID: 10669032
    In accordance with detection of a few phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isozyme genes by Southern blot analysis, only two cDNAs, named NnkPLA-I , and NnkPLA-II, encoding group I PLA2s, NnkPLA-I and NnkPLA-II, respectively, were isolated from the venom gland cDNA library of Elapinae Naja naja kaouthia of Malaysia. NnkPLA-I and NnkPLA-II showed four amino acid substitutions, all of which were brought about by single nucleotide substitution. No existence of clones encoding CM-II and CM-III, PLA2 isozymes which had been isolated from the venom of N. naja kaouthia of Thailand, in Malaysian N. naja kaouthia venom gland cDNA library was verified by dot blot hybridization analysis with particular probes. NnkPLA-I and NnkPLA-II differed from CM-II and CM-III with four and two amino acid substitutions, respectively, suggesting that their molecular evolution is regional. The comparison of NnkPLA-I, NnkPLA-II and cDNAs encoding other group I snake venom gland PLA2s indicated that the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions are more conserved than the mature protein-coding region and that the number of nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site is almost equal to that per synonymous site in the protein-coding region, suggesting that accelerated evolution has occurred in group I venom gland PLA2s possibly to acquire new physiological functions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Isoenzymes/genetics; Phospholipases A/genetics; Snake Venoms/genetics
  3. Fulltext A real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Shigella species
    Liew PS, Teh CS, Lau YL, Thong KL
    Trop Biomed, 2014 Dec;31(4):709-20.
    PMID: 25776596 MyJurnal
    Shigellosis is a foodborne illness caused by the genus Shigella and is an important global health issue. The development of effective techniques for rapid detection of this pathogen is essential for breaking the chain of transmission. Therefore, we have developed a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the invasion plasmid antigen H (ipaH) gene to rapidly detect Shigella species. This assay could be performed in 90 min at an optimal temperature of 64ºC, with endpoint results visualized directly. Notably, the method was found to be more sensitive than conventional PCR. Indeed, the detection limit for the LAMP assay on pure bacterial cultures was 5.9 x 10(5) CFU/ml, while PCR displayed a limit of 5.9 x 10(7) CFU/ml. In spiked lettuce samples, the sensitivity of the LAMP assay was 3.6 x 10(4) CFU/g, whereas PCR was 3.6 x 10(5) CFU/g. Overall, the assay accurately identified 32 Shigella spp. with one enteroinvasive Escherichia coli displaying positive reaction while the remaining 32 non-Shigella strains tested were negative.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Shigella/genetics
  4. Fulltext Low efficacy of delthamethrin-treated net against Singapore Aedes aegypti is associated with kdr-type resistance
    Pang SC, Chiang LP, Tan CH, Vythilingam I, Lam-Phua SG, Ng LC
    Trop Biomed, 2015 Mar;32(1):140-50.
    PMID: 25801264 MyJurnal
    There has been a worldwide surge in the number and severity of dengue in the past decades. In Singapore, relentless vector control efforts have been put in to control the disease since the 1960's. Space spraying, fogging, chemical treatment and source reduction are some commonly used methodologies for controlling its vectors, particularly Aedes aegypti. Here, as we explored the use of a commercially available delthamethrin-treated net as an alternative strategy and the efficacy of the treated net was found to be limited. Through bioassays and molecular studies, the failure of the treated net to render high mortality rate was found to be associated with the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation. This is the first report of kdr- mutations in Singapore's Ae. aegypti. At least one point mutation, either homozygous or heterozygous, at amino acid residue V1016G of DIIS6 or F1269C of DIIIS6 was detected in 93% of field strains of Ae. aegypti. Various permutations of wild type and mutant amino acids of the four alleles were found to result in varying degree of survival rate among local field Ae. aegypti when exposed to the deltamethrin treated net. Together with the association of higher survival rate with the presence of both V1016G and F1269C, the data suggest the role of these mutations in the resistance to the deltamethrin. The high prevalence of these mutations were confirmed in a country wide survey where 70% and 72% of the 201 Ae. aegypti analysed possessed the mutations at residues 1016 and 1269 respectively. The highest mutated frequency combination was found to be heterozygous alleles (VG/FC) at both residues 1016 and 1269 (37.8%), followed by homozygous mutation at allele 1269 (24.4%) and homozygous mutation at allele 1016 (22.9%). The kdr- type of resistance among the vector is likely to undermine the effectiveness of pyrethroids treated materials against these mosquitoes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aedes/genetics*; Sodium Channels/genetics*; Mutant Proteins/genetics
  5. Fulltext Application of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis in identification of Acinetobacter baumannii from a tertiary teaching hospital, Malaysia
    Kong BH, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY, Thong KL
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Dec;28(3):563-8.
    PMID: 22433885 MyJurnal
    Acinetobacter baumannii, genomic species 3 and 13TU are being increasingly reported as the most important Acinetobacter species that cause infections in hospitalized patients. These Acinetobacter species are grouped in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus- Acinetobacter baumannii (Acb) complex. Differentiation of the species in the Acb-complex is limited by phenotypic methods. Therefore, in this study, amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was applied to confirm the identity A. baumannii strains as well as to differentiate between the subspecies. One hundred and eighty-five strains from Intensive Care Unit, Universiti Malaya Medical Center (UMMC) were successfully identified as A. baumannii by ARDRA. Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU and 15TU were identified in 3 and 1 strains, respectively. ARDRA provides an accurate, rapid and definitive approach towards the identification of the species level in the genus Acinetobacter. This paper reports the first application ARDRA in genospecies identification of Acinetobacter in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics; Acinetobacter baumannii/genetics
  6. Fulltext Anti-Candida activity and biofilm inhibitory effects of secreted products of tropical environmental yeasts
    Tan HW, Tay ST
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):175-80.
    PMID: 21602784
    This study describes the killer phenotypes of tropical environmental yeasts and the inhibition effects of the culture filtrates on the biofilm of Candida albicans. A total of 26 (10.5%) of 258 yeast isolates obtained from an environmental sampling study demonstrated killer activity to Candida species. The killer yeasts were identified as species belonging to the genus Aureobasidium, Pseudozyma, Ustilago and Candida based on sequence analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the yeasts. Pseudozyma showed the broadest killing effects against sensitive strains of Candida. New species of Ustilago and Pseudozyma demonstrating killer phenotypes were identified in this study. Interestingly, more than 50% reduction in the metabolic activity of Candida albicans biofilm was noted after exposure to the culture filtrates of the nine killer yeasts. Purification and characterization of toxin and metabolites are essential for understanding the yeast killing effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Fungal/genetics; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/genetics
  7. Fulltext Capsular serotyping of Pasteurella multocida from various animal hosts - a comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods
    Arumugam ND, Ajam N, Blackall PJ, Asiah NM, Ramlan M, Maria J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):55-63.
    PMID: 21602769
    One hundred and fourteen strains of Pasteurella multocida were isolated from different domestic animals species (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, rabbit, dog, cat), avian species (chicken, duck, turkey) and wild animals (deer, tiger, orang utan, marmoset). The serogroups of P. multocida were determined by both conventional capsular serotyping and a multiplex PCR assay targeting specific capsular genes. Based on the conventional serotyping method, the 114 strains of P. multocida were subtyped into 55 species-specific (untypeable strains) P. multocida, 15 serogroup A, 23 serogroup B and 21 serogroup D. Based on the multiplex PCR assay on the specific capsular genes associated with each serogroup, the 114 strains were further divided to 22 species-specific P. multocida (KMT1 - 460 bp), 53 serogroup A (A - 1,044 bp), 33 serogroup B (B - 760 bp) and 6 serogroup D (D - 657 bp). No serogroup E (511 bp) or F (851 bp) was detected among the Malaysian P. multocida. PCR-based typing was more discriminative and could further subtype the previously untypeable strains. Overall, there was a significant and positive correlation between both methods in serogrouping P. multocida (r = 0.7935; p<0.4893). Various serogroups of P. multocida were present among the livestock with 75% of the strains belonging to serogroups A or B. PCR serotyping was therefore a highly species-specific, sensitive and robust method for detection and differentiation of P. multocida serogroups compared to conventional serotyping. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Malaysia of the application of a PCR to rapidly define the species-specific P. multocida and its serogroups as an important zoonotic pathogen in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics; Bacterial Capsules/genetics; Pasteurella multocida/genetics
  8. Co-existence of Marfan syndrome and systemic sclerosis: A case report and a hypothesis suggesting a common link
    Yap WF, Chong HC
    Int J Rheum Dis, 2020 Nov;23(11):1568-1573.
    PMID: 32969582 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.13965
    FBN1 gene encodes for the connective tissue protein fibrillin-1 which can also regulate the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1. Mutations in the FBN1 gene cause Marfan syndrome (MFS), a genetic condition with defective connective tissues. FBN1 haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms have also been reported to be associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc), a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of multiple organs. Furthermore, the duplication of the Fbn1 gene causes a SSc-like disease in the TsK1 mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of MFS and SSc co-existing in a patient. Here, we describe a 46-year-old woman who presented with cardiac failure. She had a family history of MFS. Physical examination revealed marfanoid habitus and scleroderma features. Echocardiography demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy with aortic root dilatation, aortic regurgitation and mitral regurgitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy, mid-wall fibrosis at basal septal wall and dilated aortic root. Extractable nuclear antigen panel detected anti-Scl 70. She fulfilled Ghent criteria for MFS and satisfied American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for SSc. Although we do not have the FBN1 sequence in our patient, the co-existence of MFS and SSc in this patient raises the possibility of co-existence of distinct mutations in the FBN1 gene that could affect TGF-β signaling differently, resulting in divergent pathologic consequences - loss of structural integrity in MFS versus increased extracellular matrix deposition in SSc, and different clinical manifestations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Marfan Syndrome/genetics; Scleroderma, Systemic/genetics; Fibrillin-1/genetics*
  9. Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C19 in healthy Malaysian subjects
    Pang YS, Yang YS, Wong LP, Lee TC, Mustafa AM, Mohamed Z, et al.
    Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2004 Sep;58(3):332-5.
    PMID: 15327595
    Impaired S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation is a well-described genetic polymorphism affecting drug metabolism in humans. Although ethnic differences in its distribution of polymorphism has been described, it is not known whether there is an ethnic heterogeneity of the structure and expression of the CYP2C19 enzyme in the Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics*; Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics*; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics*
  10. Fulltext Functional Insights into Silymarin as an Antiviral Agent against Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71)
    Lalani S, Masomian M, Poh CL
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Aug 15;22(16).
    PMID: 34445463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168757
    Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major neurovirulent agent capable of causing severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with neurological complications and death. Currently, no FDA-approved antiviral is available for the treatment of EV-A71 infections. The flavonoid silymarin was shown to exert virucidal effects, but the binding site on the capsid was unknown. In this study, the ligand interacting site of silymarin was determined in silico and validated in vitro. Moreover, the potential of EV-A71 to develop resistance against silymarin was further evaluated. Molecular docking of silymarin with the capsid of EV-A71 indicated that silymarin binds to viral protein 1 (VP1) of EV-A71, specifically at the GH loop of VP1. The in vitro binding of silymarin with VP1 of EV-A71 was validated using recombinant VP1 through ELISA competitive binding assay. Continuous passaging of EV-A71 in the presence of silymarin resulted in the emergence of a mutant carrying a substitution of isoleucine by threonine (I97T) at position 97 of the BC loop of EV-A71. The mutation was speculated to overcome the inhibitory effects of silymarin. This study provides functional insights into the underlying mechanism of EV-A71 inhibition by silymarin, but warrants further in vivo evaluation before being developed as a potential therapeutic agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral/genetics; Enterovirus A, Human/genetics; Capsid Proteins/genetics
  11. Fulltext Metabolic potential of the moderate halophile Yangia sp. ND199 for co-production of polyhydroxyalkanoates and exopolysaccharides
    Romero Soto L, Thabet H, Maghembe R, Gameiro D, Van-Thuoc D, Dishisha T, et al.
    Microbiologyopen, 2021 01;10(1):e1160.
    PMID: 33650793 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1160
    Yangia sp. ND199 is a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from mangrove samples in Northern Vietnam, which was earlier reported to grow on several sugars and glycerol to accumulate poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA). In this study, the potential of the bacterium for co-production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and PHA was investigated. Genome sequence analysis of the closely related Yangia sp. CCB-M3 isolated from mangroves in Malaysia revealed genes encoding enzymes participating in different EPS biosynthetic pathways. The effects of various cultivation parameters on the production of EPS and PHA were studied. The highest level of EPS (288 mg/L) was achieved using sucrose and yeast extract with 5% NaCl and 120 mM phosphate salts but with modest PHA accumulation (32% of cell dry weight, 1.3 g/L). Growth on fructose yielded the highest PHA concentration (85% of CDW, 3.3 g/L) at 90 mM phosphate and higher molecular weight EPS at 251 mg/L yield at 120 mM phosphate concentration. Analysis of EPS showed a predominance of glucose, followed by fructose and galactose, and minor amounts of acidic sugars.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Genome, Bacterial/genetics; Rhodobacteraceae/genetics
  12. Development and structural characterisation of human scFv targeting MDM2 spliced variant MDM215kDa
    Lim CC, Chan SK, Lim YY, Ishikawa Y, Choong YS, Nagaoka Y, et al.
    Mol Immunol, 2021 07;135:191-203.
    PMID: 33930714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.016
    The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein is a major negative regulator of the tumour suppressor protein p53. Under normal conditions, MDM2 constantly binds to p53 transactivation domain and/or ubiquinates p53 via its role as E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote p53 degradation as well as nuclear export to maintain p53 levels in cells. Meanwhile, amplification of MDM2 and appearance of MDM2 spliced variants occur in many tumours and normal tissues making it a prognostic indicator for human cancers. The mutation or deletion of p53 protein in half of human cancers inactivates its tumour suppressor activity. However, cancers with wild type p53 have its function effectively inhibited through direct interaction with MDM2 oncoprotein. Here, we described the construction of a MDM2 spliced variant (rMDM215kDa) consisting of SWIB/MDM2 domain and its central region for antibody generation. Biopanning with a human naïve scFv library generated four scFv clones specific to rMDM215kDa. Additionally, the selected scFv clones were able to bind to the recombinant full length MDM2 (rMDM2-FL). Computational prediction showed that the selected scFv clones potentially bind to exon 7-8 of MDM2 while leaving the MDM2/SWIB domain free for p53 interaction. The developed antibodies exhibit good specificity can be further investigated for downstream biomedical and research applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics*; Protein Domains/genetics
  13. Validation of Bifurcohaptor spp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) reported from India using molecular methods with inclusion of insilico study: A brief report on its host-specificity
    Rajvanshi S, Verma J, Nirupama A
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):726-741.
    PMID: 33597495
    A total of 17 species of the genus Bifurcohaptor Jain, 1958 have been reported from two fish families namely Bagridae Bleeker, 1858 (Mystus vittatus (Bloch, 1794), M. tengara (Hamilton, 1822), M. keletius (Valenciennes, 1840), Hemibagrus nemurus (Valenciennes, 1840), Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) and Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839)) and Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 (Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton, 1822)). Out of these, only two species viz. B. indicus and B. giganticus are found valid in India, parasitizing gills of Mystus spp. and Bagarius sp. Taxonomic studies suggest, present specimen of B. indicus and B. giganticus, both are morphologically close to species described by Jain (1958), except morphometric variations and posses 7 pairs of marginal hooks instead of 6 pairs. Present manuscript delves with the characterization of B. indicus and B. giganticus reported from India, using molecular techniques. Partial mt COI nucleotide sequence based insilico protein analysis and partial 28S and ITS-1 rDNA based phylogenetic analysis, estimated by Neighbour-joining (NJ) and Minimum Evolution (ME) methods revealed that the species of the genus Bifurcohaptor are genetically distinct and valid. The grouping of Bifurcohaptor spp. with other representatives of family Dactylogyridae supports morphology based placement into family Dactylogyridae. Present and previous host-parasite information suggests both Bifurcohaptor spp. are species specialist however, the genus Bifurcohaptor is generalist at generic level.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Ribosomal/genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics; DNA, Helminth/genetics
  14. Fulltext 'Movers and shakers' in the regulation of fruit ripening: a cross-dissection of climacteric versus non-climacteric fruit
    Cherian S, Figueroa CR, Nair H
    J Exp Bot, 2014 Sep;65(17):4705-22.
    PMID: 24994760 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru280
    Fruit ripening is a complex and highly coordinated developmental process involving the expression of many ripening-related genes under the control of a network of signalling pathways. The hormonal control of climacteric fruit ripening, especially ethylene perception and signalling transduction in tomato has been well characterized. Additionally, great strides have been made in understanding some of the major regulatory switches (transcription factors such as RIPENING-INHIBITOR and other transcriptional regulators such as COLOURLESS NON-RIPENING, TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs), that are involved in tomato fruit ripening. In contrast, the regulatory network related to non-climacteric fruit ripening remains poorly understood. However, some of the most recent breakthrough research data have provided several lines of evidences for abscisic acid- and sucrose-mediated ripening of strawberry, a non-climacteric fruit model. In this review, we discuss the most recent research findings concerning the hormonal regulation of fleshy fruit ripening and their cross-talk and the future challenges taking tomato as a climacteric fruit model and strawberry as a non-climacteric fruit model. We also highlight the possible contribution of epigenetic changes including the role of plant microRNAs, which is opening new avenues and great possibilities in the fields of fruit-ripening research and postharvest biology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/genetics; Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics; Fragaria/genetics
  15. MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Breast Cancer
    Aggarwal T, Wadhwa R, Gupta R, Paudel KR, Collet T, Chellappan DK, et al.
    Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2020;20(10):1597-1610.
    PMID: 32342824 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200428113051
    Regardless of advances in detection and treatment, breast cancer affects about 1.5 million women all over the world. Since the last decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been extensively conducted for breast cancer to define the role of miRNA as a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that are associated with the regulation of key cellular processes such as cell multiplication, differentiation, and death. They cause a disturbance in the cell physiology by interfering directly with the translation and stability of a targeted gene transcript. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of non-coding RNAs, which regulate target gene expression and protein levels that affect several human diseases and are suggested as the novel markers or therapeutic targets, including breast cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are not only associated with metastasis, tumor genesis but also used as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or prognosis. These are explained in detail in the following review. This review will also provide an impetus to study the role of microRNAs in breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/genetics; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics; MicroRNAs/genetics
  16. Effect of gamma radiation on the expression of mRNA growth factors in glycerol cryopreserved human amniotic membrane
    Yatim RM, Kannan TP, Ab Hamid SS
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2016 Dec;17(4):643-651.
    PMID: 27535136
    Human amniotic membrane (HAM) due to its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, anti-microbial, anti-viral properties as well as the presence of growth factors has been used in various clinical applications. The growth factors play an important role in wound healing. The current study aimed to explore the effect of 15 kGy gamma radiation dose on selected growth factors and receptors mRNA present in HAM. Eight growth factors, namely, EGF, HGF, KGF, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and bFGF and two growth factor receptors, HGFR and KGFR were evaluated in this study. The total RNA was extracted and converted to complimentary DNA using commercial kits. Subsequently, the mRNA expressions of these growth factors were evaluated using real-time PCR and the results were statistically analyzed using REST-MCS software. This study confirmed the presence of these mRNA growth factors and receptors in fresh, glycerol cryopreserved and irradiated glycerol cryopreserved HAM. In glycerol cryopreserved HAM, the results showed up-regulation of HGF and bFGF and down-regulation of EGF, HGFR, KGF, KGFR, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 relative to the fresh HAM which acted as the control, whereas in irradiated glycerol cryopreserved HAM, the results showed up-regulation of EGF, HGF, KGF, KGFR, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 and down-regulation of HGFR, TGF-α and bFGF relative to the glycerol cryopreserved HAM which acted as the control. However, these mRNA expressions did not show any statistical significant difference compared to the control groups. This study concluded that a dose of 15 kGy of gamma radiation did not affect the mRNA expression for the growth factors' and receptors' in the glycerol cryopreserved HAM.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Messenger/genetics*; Receptors, Growth Factor/genetics; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics*
  17. Fulltext Genetic Analysis of the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Gene Polymorphisms among Essential Hypertensive Patients in Malaysia
    Ghodsian N, Ismail P, Ahmadloo S, Eskandarian N, Etemad A
    Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:6712529.
    PMID: 27413750 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6712529
    Background. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) considerably influences blood pressure regulation through water and sodium homoeostasis. Several of the studies have utilized anonymous genetic polymorphic markers and made inconsequent claims about the ANP relevant disorders. Thus, we screened Insertion/Deletion (ID) and G191A polymorphisms of ANP to discover sequence variations with potential functional significance and to specify the linkage disequilibrium pattern between polymorphisms. The relationships of detected polymorphisms with EH with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) status were tested subsequently. Method. ANP gene polymorphisms (I/D and A191G) were specified utilizing mutagenically separated Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 320 subjects including 163 EH case subjects and 157 controls. Result. This case-control study discovered a significant association between I/D polymorphisms of ANP gene in EH patient without T2DM. However, the study determined no association between G191A polymorphisms of ANP in EH with or without T2DM. In addition, sociodemographic factors in the case and healthy subjects exhibited strong differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion. As a risk factor, ANP gene polymorphisms may affect hypertension. Despite the small sample size in this study, it is the first research assessing the ANP gene polymorphisms in both EH and T2DM patients among Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics*; Hypertension/genetics*; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics*
  18. Mangrovimonas xylaniphaga sp. nov. isolated from estuarine mangrove sediment of Matang Mangrove Forest, Malaysia
    Dinesh B, Furusawa G, Amirul AA
    Arch Microbiol, 2017 Jan;199(1):63-67.
    PMID: 27506901 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1275-8
    A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow-orange-pigmented, gliding bacterium, designated as strain ST2L12(T), was isolated from estuarine mangrove sediment from Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak, Malaysia. Strain ST2L12(T) grew at 15-39 °C, pH 6-8 and in 1-6 % (w/v) NaCl. This strain was able to degrade xylan and casein. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 95.3-92.8 % similarity to members of the genera Mangrovimonas, Meridianimaribacter, Sediminibacter, Gaetbulibacter and Hoppeia. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that it belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae. Respiratory quinone present was menaquinone-6 (MK-6), and the DNA G+C content was 38.3 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1, C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH. Moreover, previous genome comparison study showed that the genome of ST2L12(T) is 1.4 times larger compared to its closest relative, Mangrovimonas yunxiaonensis LYYY01(T). Phenotypic, fatty acid, 16S rRNA gene sequence and previous genome data indicate that strain ST2L12(T) represents a novel species of the genus Mangrovimonas in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Mangrovimonas xylaniphaga sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Mangrovimonas xylaniphaga is ST2L12(T) (=LMG 28914(T)=JCM 30880(T)).
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Bacterial/genetics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Flavobacteriaceae/genetics
  19. Human mesenchymal stromal cells modulate T-cell immune response via transcriptomic regulation
    Vellasamy S, Tong CK, Azhar NA, Kodiappan R, Chan SC, Veerakumarasivam A, et al.
    Cytotherapy, 2016 10;18(10):1270-83.
    PMID: 27543068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.017
    BACKGROUND AIMS: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified as pan-immunosuppressant in various in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. Although the immunosuppressive activity of MSCs has been explored in various contexts, the precise molecular signaling pathways that govern inhibitory functions remain poorly elucidated.

    METHODS: By using a microarray-based global gene expression profiling system, this study aimed to decipher the underlying molecular pathways that may mediate the immunosuppressive activity of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on activated T cells.

    RESULTS: In the presence of UC-MSCs, the proliferation of activated T cells was suppressed in a dose-depended manner by cell-to-cell contact mode via an active cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The microarray analysis revealed that particularly, IFNG, CXCL9, IL2, IL2RA and CCND3 genes were down-regulated, whereas IL11, VSIG4, GFA1, TIMP3 and BBC3 genes were up-regulated by UC-MSCs. The dysregulated gene clusters associated with immune-response-related ontologies, namely, lymphocyte proliferation or activation, apoptosis and cell cycle, were further analyzed.

    CONCLUSIONS: Among the nine canonical pathways identified, three pathways (namely T-helper cell differentiation, cyclins and cell cycle regulation, and gap/tight junction signalling pathways) were highly enriched with these dysregulated genes. The pathways represent putative molecular pathways through which UC-MSCs elicit immunosuppressive activity toward activated T cells. This study provides a global snapshot of gene networks and pathways that contribute to the ability of UC-MSCs to suppress activated T cells.

    Matched MeSH terms: Immunity, Cellular/genetics; Lymphocyte Activation/genetics*; Cell Proliferation/genetics
  20. Phylogeny of the most species-rich freshwater bivalve family (Bivalvia: Unionida: Unionidae): Defining modern subfamilies and tribes
    Lopes-Lima M, Froufe E, Do VT, Ghamizi M, Mock KE, Kebapçı Ü, et al.
    Mol Phylogenet Evol, 2017 01;106:174-191.
    PMID: 27621130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.08.021
    Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are key elements of freshwater habitats and are responsible for important ecological functions and services. Unfortunately, these bivalves are among the most threatened freshwater taxa in the world. However, conservation planning and management are hindered by taxonomic problems and a lack of detailed ecological data. This highlights the urgent need for advances in the areas of systematics and evolutionary relationships within the Unionida. This study presents the most comprehensive phylogeny to date of the larger Unionida family, i.e., the Unionidae. The phylogeny is based on a combined dataset of 1032bp (COI+28S) of 70 species in 46 genera, with 7 of this genera being sequenced for the first time. The resulting phylogeny divided the Unionidae into 6 supported subfamilies and 18 tribes, three of which are here named for the first time (i.e., Chamberlainiini nomen novum, Cristariini nomen novum and Lanceolariini nomen novum). Molecular analyses were complemented by investigations of selected morphological, anatomical and behavioral characters used in traditional phylogenetic studies. No single morphological, anatomical or behavioral character was diagnostic at the subfamily level and few were useful at the tribe level. However, within subfamilies, many tribes can be recognized based on a subset of these characters. The geographical distribution of each of the subfamilies and tribes is also presented. The present study provides important advances in the systematics of these extraordinary taxa with implications for future ecological and conservation studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics; Cytochromes c/genetics; Bivalvia/genetics
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