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Altering fiber density of cockscomb-like fibrous silica-titania catalysts for enhanced photodegradation of ibuprofen

Fauzi AA, Jalil AA, Mohamed M, Triwahyono S, Jusoh NWC, Rahman AFA, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2018 Dec 01;227:34-43.
PMID: 30172157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.08.073

Fibrous silica-titania (FST) catalysts were synthesized by microemulsion followed by silica seed-crystal crystallization methods under various molar ratios of toluene to water (T/W). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, UV-DRS, FESEM, TEM, AFM, N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, and ESR. The results revealed that altering the T/W ratio affected the growth of the silica and titania and led to different size, fiber density, silica-titania structure, and number of hydroxyl groups, as well as oxygen vacancies in the FSTs, which altered their behavior toward subsequent application. Photodegradation of ibuprofen (IBP) are in the following order: FST(6:1) (90%) > FST(5:1) (84%) > FST(7:1) (79%) > commercial TiO2 (67%). A kinetics study using Langmuir-Hinshelwood model illustrated that the photodegradation followed the pseudo-first-order and adsorption was the rate-limiting step. Optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) showed that the pH, initial concentration, and catalyst dosage were the remarkable parameters in photodegradation of IBP. The FST (6:1) maintained its photocatalytic activities for up to five cycles reaction without serious catalyst deactivation, and was also able to degrade other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, indicating its potential use for the treatment of those chemicals in wastewater.
Fulltext Impact of population aging on the presentation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study

Tagami T, Tanaka H, Shin SD, Ma MH, Ko PC, Karim S, et al.

Acute medicine & surgery, 2019 05 22;7(1):e430.
PMID: 31988755 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.430

Aim: As a population ages, it can impact on the characteristics and outcomes of cardiogenic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the age incidence of cardiogenic OHCA and population aging.
Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) database. Data on the population old-age dependency ratio (i.e. elderly/non-elderly) were extracted from publicly accessible sources (United Nations and World Health Organization).
Results: We analyzed 40,872 OHCA cases from seven PAROS countries over the period 2009 to 2013. We found significant correlation between the population old-age dependency ratio and elderly/non-elderly ratio in OHCA patients (r = 0.92, P = 0.003). There was a significant correlation between the population old-age dependency ratio and risk differences of 30-day survival rates for non-elderly and elderly OHCA patients (r = 0.89, P = 0.007).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the proportion of elderly among OHCA patients will increase, and outcomes could increasingly differ between elderly and non-elderly as a society ages progressively. This has implications for planning and delivery of emergency services as a society ages.
Association of the Emergency Medical Services-Related Time Interval with Survival Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Cases in Four Asian Metropolitan Cities Using the Scoop-and-Run Emergency Medical Services Model

Kim TH, Lee K, Shin SD, Ro YS, Tanaka H, Yap S, et al.

J Emerg Med, 2017 Nov;53(5):688-696.e1.
PMID: 29128033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.08.076

BACKGROUND: Response time interval (RTI) and scene time interval (STI) are key time variables in the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) cases treated and transported via emergency medical services (EMS).
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated distribution and interactive association of RTI and STI with survival outcomes of OHCA in four Asian metropolitan cities.
METHODS: An OHCA cohort from Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcome Study (PAROS) conducted between January 2009 and December 2011 was analyzed. Adult EMS-treated cardiac arrests with presumed cardiac origin were included. A multivariable logistic regression model with an interaction term was used to evaluate the effect of STI according to different RTI categories on survival outcomes. Risk-adjusted predicted rates of survival outcomes were calculated and compared with observed rate.
RESULTS: A total of 16,974 OHCA cases were analyzed after serial exclusion. Median RTI was 6.0 min (interquartile range [IQR] 5.0-8.0 min) and median STI was 12.0 min (IQR 8.0-16.1). The prolonged STI in the longest RTI group was associated with a lower rate of survival to discharge or of survival 30 days after arrest (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-0.81), as well as a poorer neurologic outcome (aOR 0.63; 95% CI 0.41-0.97) without an increasing chance of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (aOR 1.12; 95% CI 0.88-1.45).
CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged STI in OHCA with a delayed response time had a negative association with survival outcomes in four Asian metropolitan cities using the scoop-and-run EMS model. Establishing an optimal STI based on the response time could be considered.
Fulltext Cross-sectional serosurvey for Japanese encephalitis specific antibody from animal sera in Malaysia 1993

Oda K, Igarashi A, Kheong CT, Hong CC, Vijayamalar B, Sinniah M, et al.

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Sep;27(3):463-70.
PMID: 9185254

Serum specimens were collected from 6 species of animals living in 9 states of Malaysia including Sabah, North Borneo in 1993. Antibodies against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in these sera were detected by means of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neutralization (NT) tests. By HI test, 702 of 2,152 (32.6%) sera showed positive results. Higher positive rates were obtained by the NT test, in which 1,787 of 1,927 (92.7%) sera had antibodies against JE virus. All serum specimens with positive HI were confirmed as positive by the NT. Swine sera showed especially higher rates of antibody positive and higher antibody titers compared with other animals. These results suggest that JE infections are widely distributed among many animals of Malaysia, and pig is the most susceptible amplifier host for JE virus.
Genotypes of Japanese encephalitis virus isolated in three states in Malaysia

Tsuchie H, Oda K, Vythilingam I, Thayan R, Vijayamalar B, Sinniah M, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1997 Feb;56(2):153-8.
PMID: 9080873

Two hundred forty nucleotides from the pre-membrane gene region of 12 Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) strains isolated from three different regions of Malaysia from 1993 to 1994 were sequenced and compared with each other and with the JEV strains from different geographic areas in Asia. These 12 Malaysian isolates were classified into two genotypes. The four JEV strains isolated from Sarawak in 1994 and the four JEV strains isolated from Sepang, Selangor in 1993 were classified into one genotype that included earlier isolated strains from Malaysia (JE-827 from Sarawak in 1968 and WTP/70/22 from Kuala Lumpur in 1970). The four JEV strains from Ipoh, Perak in 1994 were classified into another genotype that included JEV strains isolated from northern Thailand and Cambodia. In an earlier report, 10 JEV strains from Sabak Bernam, Selangor in 1992 were classified into the largest genotype that included strains isolated in temperate regions such as Japan, China, and Taiwan. The data indicate that at least three genotypes of JEV have been circulating in Malaysia.
Fulltext Emergency medical services key performance measurement in Asian cities

Rahman NH, Tanaka H, Shin SD, Ng YY, Piyasuwankul T, Lin CH, et al.

Int J Emerg Med, 2015;8:12.
PMID: 25932052 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-015-0062-7

One of the key principles in the recommended standards is that emergency medical service (EMS) providers should continuously monitor the quality and safety of their services. This requires service providers to implement performance monitoring using appropriate and relevant measures including key performance indicators. In Asia, EMS systems are at different developmental phases and maturity. This will create difficultly in benchmarking or assessing the quality of EMS performance across the region. An attempt was made to compare the EMS performance index based on the structure, process, and outcome analysis.
Development of haptic based piezoresistive artificial fingertip: Toward efficient tactile sensing systems for humanoids

TermehYousefi A, Azhari S, Khajeh A, Hamidon MN, Tanaka H

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2017 Aug 01;77:1098-1103.
PMID: 28531983 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.040

Haptic sensors are essential devices that facilitate human-like sensing systems such as implantable medical devices and humanoid robots. The availability of conducting thin films with haptic properties could lead to the development of tactile sensing systems that stretch reversibly, sense pressure (not just touch), and integrate with collapsible. In this study, a nanocomposite based hemispherical artificial fingertip fabricated to enhance the tactile sensing systems of humanoid robots. To validate the hypothesis, proposed method was used in the robot-like finger system to classify the ripe and unripe tomato by recording the metabolic growth of the tomato as a function of resistivity change during a controlled indention force. Prior to fabrication, a finite element modeling (FEM) was investigated for tomato to obtain the stress distribution and failure point of tomato by applying different external loads. Then, the extracted computational analysis information was utilized to design and fabricate nanocomposite based artificial fingertip to examine the maturity analysis of tomato. The obtained results demonstrate that the fabricated conformable and scalable artificial fingertip shows different electrical property for ripe and unripe tomato. The artificial fingertip is compatible with the development of brain-like systems for artificial skin by obtaining periodic response during an applied load.
Fulltext Development of Frequency Based Taste Receptors Using Bioinspired Glucose Nanobiosensor

TermehYousefi A, Tateno K, Bagheri S, Tanaka H

Sci Rep, 2017 05 09;7(1):1623.
PMID: 28487527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01855-5

A method to fabricate a bioinspired nanobiosensor using electronic-based artificial taste receptors for glucose diagnosis is presented. Fabricated bioinspired glucose nanobiosensor designated based on an artificial taste bud including an amperometric glucose biosensor and taste bud-inspired circuits. In fact, the design of the taste bud-inspired circuits was inspired by the signal-processing mechanism of taste nerves which involves two layers. The first, known as a type II cell, detects the glucose by glucose oxidase and transduces the current signal obtained for the pulse pattern is conducted to the second layer, called type III cell, to induce synchronisation of the neural spiking activity. The oscillation results of fabricated bioinspired glucose nanobiosensor confirmed an increase in the frequency of the output pulse as a function of the glucose concentration. At high glucose concentrations, the bioinspired glucose nanobiosensor showed a pulse train of alternating short and long interpulse intervals. A computational analysis performed to validate the hypothesis, which was successfully reproduced the alternating behaviour of bioinspired glucose our nanobiosensor by increasing the output frequency and alternation of pulse intervals according to the reduction in the resistivity of the biosensor.
Genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) in crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Tanaka H, Kawamoto Y, Terao K

J Med Primatol, 1991 May;20(3):126-32.
PMID: 1895332

Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) of crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) was examined by means of three electrophoretic methods. DBP phenotypes were observed to be one or two bands in each method. All of DBP molecular variants could be detected by the simultaneous typing with these three methods. Family analysis suggested that DBP variants followed the mode of autosomal codominant inheritance. A total of 17 phenotypes governed by at least 11 alleles were observed in the populations of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The genetic variability was high in Malaysian and Indonesian populations but low in the Philippine population.