Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 71 in total

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  1. Tahap pengherotan kognitif, kesunyian, kemurungan, penghargaan kendiri, dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan wanita hamil luar nikah
    Nasir R, Zainah AZ, Khairudin R, Wan Shahrazad WS, Mohd Norahim MS, Aizan SA
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2015;olume 29:1-10.
    Peningkatan jumlah kehamilan luar nikah dalam kalangan remaja perempuan sehingga awal dewasa membimbangkan ramai pihak. Kemahilan luar nikah bukan sahaja boleh mengundang kepada risiko jangkitan HIV/AIDS, malah ia juga boleh membawa kepada masalah lain seperti pembuangan bayi dan pengguguran. Kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana tahap ganguan kognitif, kemurungan, kesunyian, penghargaan kendiri dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan wanita hamil tanpa nikah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa subjek kajian mempunyai tahap sokongan sosial yang sederhana, gangguan kognitif yang rendah; kemurungan, kesunyian dan penghargaan kendiri yang sederhana. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa wanita hamil tanpa nikah ini masih kurang mendapat sokongan sosial yang sewajarnya dan cenderung untuk mengalami kemurungan dan kesunyian yang berpanjangan. Cadangan intervensi turut dibincangkan di akhir perbincangan kajian.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  2. Fulltext Hubungan di antara amalan kebersihan diri pengendali makanan dan kebersihan kafetaria di kolej kediaman UKM
    Sino, Hukil, Zurina Mahadi, Hasnah Haron, Muhammad Aizat Misrin, Nurul’izzah Ismail, Mohd Hasamizi Mustapa
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2013;11(1):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Kajian kes ini dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kebersihan diri pengendali makanan dan kebersihan kafetaria di kolej kediaman Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Seramai 75 responden telah terlibat. Data demografi menunjukkan terdapat responden yang tidak mendapat suntikan demam kepialu (32%) dan tidak mempuyai sijil kursus pengendali makanan (49.3%). Selain itu, lebih separuh bilangan responden adalah bukan warganegara (50.73%). Dapatan berkaitan amalan kebersihan diri menunjukkan 7 item mempunyai peratusan yang agak baik (70.3% – 87.5%) manakala 7 item yang lain mempunyai peratusan kurang baik (26.4% – 68%). Kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat 12 item berkaitan kebersihan kafetaria yang dipatuhi dan 9 item yang tidak dipatuhi daripada 21 item yang dinilai. Ujian statistik menunjukkan wujud perbezaan yang signifikan (U = 472, p = 0.01) antara pengendali makanan yang warganegara dan bukan warganegara di mana warganegara mempunyai amalan kebersihan diri yang lebih baik berbanding bukan warganegara. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan wujud hubungan yang positif dan signifikan di antara kebersihan diri dan kebersihan kafetaria (χ2 = 6.432, p = 0.011). Walau bagaimanapun, kekuatan hubungannya adalah sederhana (Φ = 0.29). Kesimpulannya, pengendali makanan yang warganegara mempunyai amalan kebersihan diri yang baik dan akan menjana suasana persekitaran kafetaria yang bersih.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  3. Fulltext Pengenalpastian mikroflora bakteria selain bacillus sp. Dari kolam air panas Bentong, Pahang, Malaysia
    Abdul Hamid Abdul Aziz, Nur Fariza Mat Reffin, Mohamed Kamel Abd Ghani, Hing, Hiang Lian, Ahmad Zorin Sahalan
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2012;10(2):53-55.
    MyJurnal
    Suatu kajian mengenai pemencilan dan pengenalpastian mikroflora bakteria dari kolam air panas telah dilakukan di kolam air panas Bentong, Pahang. Kebanyakan bakteria yang dipencil dari kolam air panas adalah dari Bacillus sp. kerana ia mempunyai ciri adaptasi yang membolehkannya hidup di kawasan suhu yang tinggi dengan pembentukan endospora. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti spesies bakteria selain daripada spesies Bacillus sp. yang boleh dipencilkan dari kolam air panas. Tiga buah kolam air panas (A, B dan C) dikenal pasti dengan julat suhunya antara 36°C-52°C dan nilai pH antara 7.88-8.65. Kajian ini telah berjaya memencilkan dua pencilan bakteria kokus Gram positif dan tiga spesies basilus Gram negatif. Spesies Gram positif tersebut adalah dari genus Streptococcus dan Staphylococcus, manakala bagi Gram negatif pula terdapat masalah dalam pengenalpastian dan hanya dikenali sebagai X, XI and XII.


    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  4. Fulltext Kecelaruan psikogeriatrik di kalangan warga tua: satu kajian awal
    Subramaniam, Ponnusamy, Azlina Wati Nikmat, Shazli Ezzat Ghazali
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2009;7(1):37-47.
    MyJurnal
    Satu kajian awal bagi menyaring kecelaruan psikogeriatrik di kalangan warga tua telah dijalankan. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk menentukan peratusan kes kecelaan kognitif, strok dan kemurungan dalam sampel populasi yang berumur di antara 60-89 tahun. Seramai 40 orang subjek dan pemberi maklumat subjek di sekitar Lembah Kelang, Kuala Lumpur dan Selangor dipilih. Alat penyaringan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale (PAS). Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale (PAS) terdiri daripada dua bahagian iaitu laporan subjek dan laporan pemberi maklumat subjek. Laporan subjek digunakan untuk menyaring kecelaan kognitif, strok dan kemurungan. Manakala laporan pemberi maklumat subjek digunakan untuk menyaring kemerosotan kognitif, strok dan perubahan tingkah laku subjek. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan peratusan kes kecelaan kognitif (lelaki 67% kes, perempuan 64.3% kes) dan strok (lelaki 75% kes, perempuan 64.3% kes) yang tinggi di kalangan subjek lelaki dan wanita. Terdapat juga hubungan yang signifikan di antara laporan subjek dengan laporan pemberi maklumat subjek mengikut setiap skala PAS. Alat ujian psikologi PAS mampu menyaring masalah psikogeriatrik di kalangan warga tua dan ketepatan penyaringan dapat dinilai dengan data pemberi maklumat daripada alat ujian PAS. Penyaringan psikogeriatrik adalah penting untuk mengenal pasti kehadiran kecelaan fungsi kognitif dan kemurungan di kalangan warga tua pada peringkat awal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  5. Fulltext Prestasi penglihatan binokular lemah konvergens
    Faudziah Abd Manan, Nor Aini Hanafi, Norliza Mohd Fadzil
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(1):39-43.
    MyJurnal
    Lemah konvergens (CI) adalah anomali penglihatan binokular yang melibatkan kesukaran dua mata menumpu semasa penglihatan dekat. Kajian ini mengkaji prestasi penglihatan binokular subjek CI. Prestasi binokular iaitu, akuiti penglihatan (VA) binokular jauh, VA binokular dekat dan stereoakuiti dibandingkan antara subjek CI dengan subjek normal. Seramai 30 subjek CI purata umur 17.33 ± 5.49 tahun dan 30 subjek normal purata umur 18.77 ± 6.08 tahun mempunyai VA 6/6 atau lebih baik, ralat refraksi sfera tidak melebihi ± 4.00 DS, astigmatisme tidak lebih daripada 2.00 DC, tiada juling dan tidak pernah menjalani terapi penglihatan, mempunyai kesihatan am dan kesihatan okular yang baik mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. VA monokular mata kanan, VA monokular mata kiri, VA binokular dan stereoakuiti dua kumpulan subjek diukur dan dibandingkan. Keputusan kajian mendapati perbezaan yang signifikan bagi VA binokular jauh (t = 2.31, p < 0.05), VA binokular dekat (t = 0.89, p < 0.05) dan stereoakuiti (Z = -2.81, p < 0.01) antara subjek CI dengan subjek normal. Kesimpulan kajian menunjukkan subjek kumpulan CI mengalami penurunan prestasi penglihatan binokular jauh, prestasi penglihatan binokular dekat dan stereoakuiti yang signifikan lebih rendah berbanding kumpulan normal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  6. Fulltext Temperature tolerance of Acanthemaoeba spp isolates from clinical and environmental specimens. [Ketahanan suhu Acanthamoeba spp. pencilan spesimen klinikal dan persekitaran.]
    Nurul Zarhana Jufri, Anisah Nordin, Mohamed Kamel Abd Ghani, Yusof Suboh, Noraina Abd Rahim
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(2):1-3.
    MyJurnal
    Acanthamoeba is a free living protozoa that can cause keratitis and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Physiological characteristics of this amoeba are found to have a medical importance and related to the pathogenic potential of the organism. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological characteristic from the aspect of temperature tolerance. Six Acanthamoeba strains from three clinical isolates (HSB 1, HKL 48 and HKL 95) and three environmental isolates (PHS 2, PHS 11 and PHS 15) were used in this study. Test was done by culturing cysts at 30°C, 37°C and 42°C for two weeks and the ability of cysts to change to trophozoites were observed. The result showed all strain was able to change to trophozoites at 30°C and 37°C. However, no trophozoites were observed at 42°
    C. This indicate that there is a similarity in the physiological trait of strains from both isolates are the same and strains from the environment are able to show the pathogenic potential thus capable of causing infection to human.
    Keywords: Acanthamoeba; temperature tolerance; clinical; environmental isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  7. Fulltext Diabetic neuropathic cachexia in a young woman
    Yusof NA, Idris NS, Zin FM
    Korean J Fam Med, 2018 Nov 30.
    PMID: 30497111 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0127
    Profound weight loss with painful symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients was first described as diabetic neuropathic cachexia more than 4 decades ago. It is a distinct type of diabetic peripheral neuropathy that occurs in the absence of other microvascular and autonomic complications of diabetes. The mechanism and precipitating cause are unknown. It was reported to have good prognosis with spontaneous recovery within months to 2 years. However, it was frequently missed by clinicians because the profound weight loss is the most outstanding complaint, rather than the pain, numbness, or weakness. This often leads to extensive investigation to exclude more sinister causes of weight loss, particularly malignancy. We report a case of a young woman with well-controlled diabetes who presented with profound unintentional weight loss (26 kg), symmetrical debilitating thigh pain, and clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy. As the disease entity may mimic an inflammatory demyelinating cause of neuropathy, she was treated with a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin, which failed to give any significant benefit. However, she recovered after 6 months without any specific treatment, other than an antidepressant for the neuropathic pain and ongoing rehabilitation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  8. Fulltext Kepesatan pembangunan dan pemodenan angkatan tentera malaysia (atm) di era perang dingin dan pasca perang dingin
    Ahmad Shah Pakeer Mohamed, Nazariah Osman, Mohamad Faisol Keling
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2020;5(12):160-169.
    MyJurnal
    “Fenomena anarki” telah mempengaruhi kebanyakan negara untuk memberikan tumpuan dan
    perhatian terhadap pembangunan Angkatan ketenteraan bagi menjamin keselamatan untuk tujuan
    kelangsungan hidup. Manakala merujukkan kepada teori neo-realisme, teori ini mengatakan dilema
    keselamatan sebagai situasi yang sentiasa ada ancaman yang cuba untuk menggugat keselamatan
    negara mahupun ianya dari bentuk unsur ancaman tradisional mahupun dari unsur dari ancaman bukan
    dari tradisional. Akibat dari senario keselamatan dan sifat anarki dalam sistem antarabangsa, keadaan
    ini akan menyebabkan negara perlu bergantung pada diri sendiri untuk kelangsungan hidup. Ini
    merujuk kepada konsep self help atau self reliance di mana setiap negara mempunyai kepentingan
    negara mereka tersendiri dalam meneruskan kelangsungan hidup dalam sistem antarabangsa. Melihat
    dari sudut Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM,) perspektif pembangunan dan pemodenan ATM semasa
    era Perang Dingin dan Pasca Perang Dingin ternyata mempunyai perubahan yang signifikan di mana
    pembangunan ATM sebelum tahun 1990 lebih bersifat konvensional dan pasca Perang Dingin
    memperlihatkan pembangunan ATM bersifat lebih strategik.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  9. Fulltext Pengetahuan pedagogi kandungan (ppk) guru bukan pengkhususan reka bentuk dan teknologi (rbt) di sekolah menengah
    Cathrine Binti Masingan, Sabariah Bte Sharif
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(6):64-71.
    MyJurnal
    Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka kefahaman Pengetahuan Pedagogi Kandungan (PPK) guru bukan pengkhususan mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Menengah. Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif single case yang melibatkan dua orang guru bukan pengkhususan mata pelajaran RBT dipilih sebagai peserta kajian. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kaedah temu bual, pemerhatian dan juga analisis dokumen. Proses analisis data melibatkan tiga peringkat koding dalam Grounded Theory iaitu open coding, axial coding dan selective coding. Hasil kajian mendapati kedua peserta belum memahami dan menguasai sepenuhnya hala tuju, matlamat dan fokus KSSM RBT. Selain itu, mereka juga masih menghadapi masalah dalam menguasai isi kandungan mata pelajaran tersebut dengan baik. Dari aspek pengetahuan pedagogi, walaupun peserta kajian sedar tentang pendekatan-pendekatan PdPc yang dicadangkan dalam DSKP KSSM mata pelajaran RBT, namun mereka kurang menggunakan pendekatan tersebut dan masih cenderung menggunakan pendekatan pengajaran tradisional yang lebih berpusatkan kepada guru dan menggunakan kaedah syarahan semasa proses PdPc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  10. Fulltext Efficacy of moxibustion in diabetes peripheral neuropathy
    Tay JS, Kim YJ
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Dec 10;100(49):e28173.
    PMID: 34889293 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028173
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. The main clinical manifestations of DPN include pain, numbness, paraesthesia, and weakness of the lower limbs which often leads to diabetic foot ulceration, eventually resulting in amputation. Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, moxibustion has a great effect on treating and preventing DPN. However, randomized clinical trials done to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment are still lacking. Hence, this study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion therapy on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

    METHODS: This study will be a pilot, interventional, randomized, 2-armed, parallel, singled-masked, controlled trial. A total of 40 diabetes mellitus patients with peripheral neuropathy will be recruited and assigned randomly into 2 groups (moxibustion group and waiting group) at a 1:1 ratio. This trial consists of an 8-week intervention period and a 4-week follow-up period. During the intervention period, the moxibustion group will take 3 moxibustion sessions per week, whereas no intervention will be done on the waiting group to act as the control group. The outcome will be assessed by an outcome assessor who is unaware of the group assignment. The primary outcome will be pain assessment measured with algometry, Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs pain scale, visual analogue scale, and neuropathy pain scale. The secondary outcome will be an evaluation of functional performance capacity with 6 minutes walking test, evaluation of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure, and serum HbA1c and albumin levels.

    DISCUSSION: We hope that this trial will provide valuable insights on the efficacy of moxibustion in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry No.: NCT04894461 (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04894461?term=NCT04894461&draw=2&rank=1) Registered on May 20, 2021.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies/complications; Diabetic Neuropathies/therapy*
  11. Fulltext Assessment of patient satisfaction with the preoperative anaesthetic evaluation
    Lee, S.Y., Cheah, S.K., Muhammad, M., Aniza, I.
    Medicine & Health, 2020;15(1):156-165.
    MyJurnal
    Penilaian anestetik pra-operasi adalah penting semasa penjagaan perioperatif. Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk menilai tahap kepuasaan pesakit dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasaan pesakit terhadap klinik pra-anestetik. Sejumlah 304 orang pesakit yang menghadiri klinik pra-anestetik telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Kajian kepuasaan selidik dwibahasa (Bahasa Inggeris dan Bahasa Melayu) dengan berjumlah 18 soalan menguji faktor-faktor bukan penyedia (kemudahan klinik, kesesuaian masa menunggu) dan faktor-faktor penyedia (perkhidmatan doktor, pegawai kaunter, jururawat dan kakitangan sokongan) telah dikaji. Kajian kepuasaan selidik menggunakan format skala Likert lima mata skor sangat setuju/tidak setuju telah digunakan untuk menilai tahap kepuasaan pesakit. Secara keseluruhan, peratusan kepuasaan pesakit terhadap penilaian pra-anestetik dilaporkan sebagai 98.7% dengan skor purata untuk perkhidmatan doktor (4.49 + 0.60), pegawai kaunter (4.48 + 0.61), kakitangan sokongan (4.47 + 0.62), kemudahan klinik dan kesesuaian masa menunggu (4.40 + 0.62). Semua faktor-faktor yang dikaji menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  12. Fulltext Knowledge, belief and barriers to adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccination among primary care doctors in Sarawak
    Wong, L. K. S., Muthupalaniappen, L., Tie, S. T.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(2):275-285.
    MyJurnal
    Adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are grossly underutilized although there is clear benefit in reducing mortality and morbidity among those at risk. The aim of the study was to assess primary care physician’s knowledge on adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, their beliefs and barriers to vaccination. A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted at eight primary care centres in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 108 primary care physicians participated in this study. Median age of participants was 29 years (IQR 4.0). The median knowledge score for influenza vaccine was 9 (IQR 3) and for pneumococcal vaccine was 8 (IQR 4). Female participants scored higher compared to their male counterparts for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (P = 0.005 & 0.007). The highest percentage of correct responses for influenza vaccination was for side effects (75.3%) while the lowest was for contraindications (9.3%). The highest percentage of correct responses for pneumococcal vaccination was for side effects (69.1%) while the lowest was for advocated target groups (6.2%). Most participants believed that pneumococcal and influenza vaccines were safe (92.8 & 99%) and beneficial for patients (89.7 & 93.8%). Cost of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines (94.8% & 96.9%) and their availability (86.6% & 89.7%) were the main barriers to prescribing them. Primary care physicians in the public sector have moderate knowledge of both adult vaccinations. Areas of knowledge paucity and barriers need to be addressed to ensure a more comprehensive health care delivery to the aging Malaysian population.
    Keywords: adult, belief, influenza vaccines, knowledge, pneumococcal vaccines
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  13. Fulltext Anxiety and mood regulating treatment for adult attention deficit disorder
    Maszaidi, Z., Nurul Hazwani, H., Hatta, S.
    Medicine & Health, 2017;12(1):99-102.
    MyJurnal
    Kebimbangan dan gangguan emosi amat biasa di dalam Penyakit Kecelaruan
    Defisit Perhatian. Laporan kes ini mengetengahkan kes lelaki Melayu berusia
    23 tahun yang menunjukkan masalah memberi perhatian dan kemerosotan
    pencapaian akademiknya secara ketara. Kemerosotan pengajiannya disedari
    oleh ahli keluarganya 2-3 tahun sebelum beliau mendapatkan rawatan psikiatri.
    Beliau juga mengalami masalah kemurungan tetapi tidak mengalami gejala
    biologi kemurungan. Beliau telah dirawat dengan ubat-ubatan Buproprion 150 mg
    setiap hari dan juga ubat Ritalin 10 mg. Kebiasaannya ubat peransang digunakan
    untuk rawatan penyakit kecelaruan deficit perhatian tetapi dalam kes ini ubat
    anti kemurungan telah digunakan. Beliau telah menunjukkan penambahbaikan
    selepas memakan ubat dan seterusnya dapat memberi fokus kepada pembelajaran
    akademiknya.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  14. Fulltext Risk determinants of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type II diabetes mellitus attending follow-up clinics at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC): a cross-sectional study
    Fatimah AB, Aziz N A, Amaramalar SN, Aznida FAA, Hamid MZA, Norlaila M
    Medicine & Health, 2010;5(1):34-40.
    MyJurnal
    Peripheral neuropathy is highly associated with foot complications among diabetics. This
    study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients and their association with degree of severity of peripheral neuropathy. A cross-sectional study was conducted in follow-up clinics at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Malaysia involving 72 diabetic patients and 19 controls. Exclusion criteria were those with amputated limbs, gross foot deformity and existing peripheral neuropathy. Controls were non diabetics who walked normally, had no history of foot problem and attended the clinic as subjects’ companion. Quantitative assessment of neuropathy was done using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) were used to quantify severity of diabetic neuropathy. Spearman’s Rank test and Mann-Whitney test were used to determine correlation between variables and their differences. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with peripheral neuropathy. The mean HbA1c among diabetics was 8.6% + 4.1, and mean NDS was 7.0 + 6.0. A total of 79.1% demonstrated various level of neuropathy with presence of callus was associated with higher NDS scores. Older age (P=0.02), body weight (P=0.03), HbA1c (P=0.005) and duration of diabetes (P <0.005) showed positive correlation with NDS. Proper foot care program for diabetics should include recognition of the callus, with special emphasis given to those with heavier weight and increasing age.
    Key words: diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, Neuropathy Disability Score
    (NDS), Semmes Weinstein monofilament (SWMF), callus

    Study site: follow-up clinics at the Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  15. Fulltext Sudomotor dysfunction independently predicts incident cardiovascular-renal events and all-cause death in type 2 diabetes: the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation register
    Lim LL, Fu AWC, Lau ESH, Ozaki R, Cheung KKT, Ma RCW, et al.
    Nephrol Dial Transplant, 2019 Aug 01;34(8):1320-1328.
    PMID: 29939305 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy154
    BACKGROUND: Early detection and risk factor control prevent chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Evaluation of peripheral autonomic dysfunction may detect incident cardiovascular-renal events in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

    METHODS: SUDOSCAN, a non-invasive tool, provides an age-adjusted electrochemical skin conductance (ESC) composite score incorporating hands/feet ESC measurements, with a score ≤53 indicating sudomotor dysfunction. A consecutive cohort of 2833 Chinese adults underwent structured diabetes assessment in 2012-13; 2028 participants without preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CKD were monitored for incident cardiovascular-renal events until 2015.

    RESULTS: In this prospective cohort {mean age 57.0 [standard deviation (SD) 10.0] years; median T2D duration 7.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 3.0-13.0] years; 56.1% men; 72.5% never-smokers; baseline ESC composite score 60.7 (SD 14.5)}, 163 (8.0%) and 25 (1.2%) participants developed incident CKD and CVD, respectively, after 2.3 years of follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) per 1-unit decrease in the ESC composite score for incident CKD, CVD and all-cause death were 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.04], 1.04 (1.00-1.07) and 1.04 (1.00-1.08), respectively. Compared with participants with an ESC composite score >53, those with a score ≤53 had an aHR of 1.56 (95% CI 1.09-2.23) for CKD and 3.11 (95% CI 1.27-7.62) for CVD, independent of common risk markers. When added to clinical variables (sex and duration of diabetes), the ESC composite score improved discrimination of all outcomes with appropriate reclassification of CKD risk.

    CONCLUSIONS: A low ESC composite score independently predicts incident cardiovascular-renal events and death in T2D, which may improve the screening strategy for early intervention.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies/complications; Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis*
  16. Expressions of spinal microglia activation, BDNF, and DREAM proteins correlated with formalin-induced nociceptive responses in painful and painless diabetic neuropathy rats
    Ismail CAN, Suppian R, Ab Aziz CB, Long I
    Neuropeptides, 2020 Feb;79:102003.
    PMID: 31902597 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.102003
    The complications of diabetic polyneuropathy (DN) determines its level of severity. It may occur with distinctive clinical symptoms (painful DN) or appears undetected (painless DN). This study aimed to investigate microglia activation and signalling molecules brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) proteins in spinal cord of streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-230 g) were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) control, (2) painful DN and (3) painless DN. The rats were induced with diabetes by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) whilst control rats received citrate buffer as a vehicle. Four weeks post-diabetic induction, the rats were induced with chronic inflammatory pain by intraplantar injection of 5% formalin and pain behaviour responses were recorded and assessed. Three days later, the rats were sacrificed and lumbar enlargement region of spinal cord was collected. The tissue was immunoreacted against OX-42 (microglia), BDNF and DREAM proteins, which was also quantified by western blotting. The results demonstrated that painful DN rats exhibited increased pain behaviour score peripherally and centrally with marked increase of spinal activated microglia, BDNF and DREAM proteins expressions compared to control group. In contrast, painless DN group demonstrated a significant reduction of pain behaviour score peripherally and centrally with significant reduction of spinal activated microglia, BDNF and DREAM proteins expressions. In conclusions, the spinal microglia activation, BDNF and DREAM proteins correlate with the pain behaviour responses between the variants of DN.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies/metabolism
  17. Fulltext The Effects of Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E (Tocovid) on Diabetic Neuropathy: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial
    Ng YT, Phang SCW, Tan GCJ, Ng EY, Botross Henien NP, M Palanisamy UD, et al.
    Nutrients, 2020 May 23;12(5).
    PMID: 32456230 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051522
    Chronic hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress, activates inflammatory pathways and reduces nerve growth factor (NGF) among diabetic patients, which contribute to development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E (Tocovid) possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which are postulated to target these pathogeneses in order to ameliorate DPN. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Tocovid on nerve conduction parameters and serum biomarkers among diabetic patients. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 eligible participants. The intervention group (n = 39) was randomly allocated to receive 200 mg of Tocovid twice a day, and the control group (n = 41) received placebo twice a day. At the end of eight weeks, the nerve conduction parameters, as assessed by nerve conduction study, as well as serum biomarkers (NGF, malondialdehyde, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and thromboxane B2) were compared between the two groups. Compared to placebo, Tocovid significantly improves the nerve conduction velocities of all nerves (+1.25 m/s, interquartile range [IQR] 3.35, p < 0.001, median nerve; +1.60 m/s, IQR 1.80, p < 0.001, sural nerve; +0.75 m/s, IQR 2.25, p < 0.001, tibial nerve). Meanwhile, the levels of serum NGF were significantly higher in the Tocovid group as compared to placebo at eight weeks post-intervention. Participants receiving Tocovid illustrated highly significant improvement in terms of nerve conduction velocities for all nerves tested after eight weeks of supplementation. In addition, Tocovid supplementation elevated the levels of serum NGF, in which its increase is postulated to reflect enhanced neuronal functions. This novel finding suggests that Tocovid could be a disease-modifying agent targeting serum NGF to improve nerve conduction velocities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
  18. Fulltext Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E (Tocovid) Improved Nerve Conduction Velocity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Phase II Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
    Chuar PF, Ng YT, Phang SCW, Koay YY, Ho JI, Ho LS, et al.
    Nutrients, 2021 Oct 25;13(11).
    PMID: 34836025 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113770
    Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes that affects approximately half of the diabetic population. Up to 53% of DPN patients experience neuropathic pain, which leads to a reduction in the quality of life and work productivity. Tocotrienols have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties in preclinical and clinical studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tocotrienol-rich vitamin E (Tocovid SuprabioTM) on nerve conduction parameters and serum biomarkers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 88 patients were randomized to receive 200 mg of Tocovid twice daily, or a matching placebo for 12 months. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurements of HbA1c, renal profile, lipid profile, and biomarkers. A nerve conduction study (NCS) was performed on all patients at baseline and subsequently at 2, 6, 12 months. Patients were reassessed after 6 months of washout. After 12 months of supplementation, patients in the Tocovid group exhibited highly significant improvements in conduction velocity (CV) of both median and sural sensory nerves as compared to those in the placebo group. The between-intervention-group differences (treatment effects) in CV were 1.60 m/s (95% CI: 0.70, 2.40) for the median nerve and 2.10 m/s (95% CI: 1.50, 2.90) for the sural nerve. A significant difference in peak velocity (PV) was also observed in the sural nerve (2.10 m/s; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.20) after 12 months. Significant improvements in CV were only observed up to 6 months in the tibial motor nerve, 1.30 m/s (95% CI: 0.60, 2.20). There were no significant changes in serum biomarkers, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), or vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). After 6 months of washout, there were no significant differences from baseline between groups in nerve conduction parameters of all three nerves. Tocovid at 400 mg/day significantly improve tibial motor nerve CV up to 6 months, but median and sural sensory nerve CV in up to 12 months of supplementation. All improvements diminished after 6 months of washout.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology; Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology; Diabetic Neuropathies/therapy*
  19. Fulltext Charcot neuroarthropathy of the foot and ankle
    Madan SS, Pai DR
    Orthop Surg, 2013 May;5(2):86-93.
    PMID: 23658042 DOI: 10.1111/os.12032
    Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a rare, progressive, deforming disease of bone and joints, especially affecting the foot and ankle and leading to considerable morbidity. It can also affect other joints such as the wrist, knee, spine and shoulder. This disease, described originally in reference to syphilis, is now one of the most common associates of diabetes mellitus. As the number of diabetics increase, the incidence of CN is bound to rise. Faster initial diagnosis and prompt institution of treatment may help to reduce its sequelae. There should be a low threshold for ordering investigations to assist coming to this diagnosis. No single investigation is the gold standard. Recent studies on pathogenesis and development of newer investigation modalities have helped to clarify the mystery of its pathogenesis and of its diagnosis in the acute phase. Various complementary investigations together allow the correct diagnosis to be made. Osteomyelitis continues to be confused with acute CN. Hybrid positron emission tomography has shown some promise in differentiating these conditions. A multispecialty approach involving diabetologists, orthopaedists and podiatrists should be used to tackle this difficult problem. The aim of this article is to describe current knowledge about CN with particular reference to the status of diagnostic indicators and management options.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies/diagnosis; Diabetic Neuropathies/therapy
  20. Pengelupasan grafit untuk mengkomersilkan teknologi grafin
    Kim SS
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1047-1059.
    Kertas ini mengkaji teknologi pengelupasan untuk menghasilkan grafin, grafin oksida (GO) dan grafin oksida terturun
    (rGO). Empat teknologi pengelupasan yang utama dikenal pasti dalam tinjauan ini iaitu pengelupasan mekanik,
    pengelupasan cecair, interkalasi-pengelupasan dan pengoksidaan-pengelupasan-penurunan. Setiap teknologi ini
    dibincangkan daripada segi kualiti grafin, grafit nanoplat, GO dan rGO yang dihasilkan dan langkah utama proses
    termasuk bahan kimia yang digunakan. Kami juga membuat satu kajian kemudah-capaian dan analisis sensitiviti untuk
    menubuhkan satu kilang penghasilan grafin yang berasaskan teknologi pengelupasan, saiz pasaran grafin dan bahan
    mentahnya iaitu grafit. Berdasarkan kitar gemburan Gartner, teknologi dan produk yang berasaskan grafin terletak di
    tiga lokasi iaitu lembah kekecewaan, cerun pencerahan dan dataran tinggi produktivit
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetic Neuropathies
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