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Factors associated with obesity in Chinese-American children

Chen JL, Kennedy C

Pediatr Nurs, 2005 Mar-Jun;31(2):110-5.
PMID: 15934563

OBJECTIVE:A cross-sectional study design was utilized to examine factors associated with obesity in Chinese-American children.
SUBJECTS:Chinese-American children (8 to 10 years old) and their mothers (N = 68) in California participated in the study.
MEASUREMENTS:Mothers completed demographic information, the Family Assessment Device, Attitudes Toward Child Rearing Scale, and Suinn-Lew Asian Self-identity Acculturation Scale. Children's body mass index was measured, and children completed a self-administered physical activity checklist, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the Schoolagers' Coping Strategies Inventory.
RESULTS:Results indicated three variables that predicted children's body mass index: older age, a more democratic parenting style, and poor communication (R2=.263, F=8.727, p = .0001). Children whose mothers had a low level of acculturation were also more likely to be overweight than were children whose mothers were highly acculturated.
CONCLUSION:This study revealed that children's ages, a democratic parenting style, and poor family communication contribute to increased body mass index in Chinese-American children. Other factors related to children's BMI and dietary intake include acculturation level of the mother and family affective responses. Future studies should examine the change in BMI over time and in different age groups and why parenting and family communication impact children's body weight.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits/ethnology
Egg consumption and coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic men and women

Choi Y, Chang Y, Lee JE, Chun S, Cho J, Sung E, et al.

Atherosclerosis, 2015 Aug;241(2):305-12.
PMID: 26062990 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.036

OBJECTIVE:
The association of egg consumption with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis remains unknown. Our aim was to examine the association between egg consumption and prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC).
METHODS:
Cross-sectional study of 23,417 asymptomatic adult men and women without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or hypercholesterolemia, who underwent a health screening examination including cardiac computed tomography for CAC scoring and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers, South Korea (March 2011-April 2013).
RESULTS:
The prevalence of detectable CAC (CAC score > 0) was 11.2%. In multivariable-adjusted models, CAC score ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) comparing participants eating ≥ 7 eggs/wk to those eating < 1 egg/wk was 1.80 (1.14-2.83; P for trend = 0.003). The multivariable CAC score ratio (95% CI) associated with an increase in consumption of 1 egg/day was 1.54 (1.11-2.14). The positive association seemed to be more pronounced among participants with low vegetable intake (P for interaction = 0.02) and those with high BMI (P for interaction = 0.05). The association was attenuated and no longer significant after further adjustment for dietary cholesterol.
CONCLUSION:
Egg consumption was associated with an increased prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and with a greater degree of coronary calcification in asymptomatic Korean adults, which may be mediated by dietary cholesterol. The association was particularly pronounced among individuals with low vegetable intake and those with high BMI.
KEYWORDS:
Coronary artery calcium score; Coronary artery disease; Egg consumption

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits*
Fulltext Prevalence of smoking and drinking habits among Form Six students in Petaling District, Selangor

Afiah MZ, Hejar AR, Kulanthayan KC, Fadhilah J, Law TH

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Mar;61(1):41-7.
PMID: 16708733 MyJurnal

Smoking and alcohol intake patterns may persist from adolescence to adulthood. The aims of this study are to determine the prevalence and factors associated with smoking and drinking habits among Form Six students. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in January 2003 among Form Six students from government schools in the Petaling District, Selangor. A hundred and thirty six self-administered questionnaires were distributed to students selected through multistage stratified sampling. Response rate in this study was 90.1% (136/151). The respondents were mainly Chinese 60 (44.1%) and female 88 (64.7%). The prevalence of smoking was 22.8%, whereas the prevalence of alcohol intake was 47.8%. Only 33.1% of the respondents practiced undetermined activities and 1.5% have undetermined characters. There were significant associations between smoking and males (Adjusted OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.02-6.43) and smoking and alcohol intake (Adjusted OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11-6.78). Alcohol intake has significant negative association with Malays (Adjusted OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.03-0.27). Smoking habits among adolescents were associated with males and alcohol intake. However, only alcohol intake was negatively associated with Malays. Program interventions to reduce behavioral problems, particularly smoking and alcohol intake should be emphasized.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
[Current trends of NASH/NAFLD in Asia-Pacific region]

Ishii H

Nippon Rinsho, 2006 Jun;64(6):1017-9.
PMID: 16768103

In Japan, much attention has been paid to NASH and NAFLD for the past several years and the prevalence of this disease entity has been estimated, and NASH is thought to be present in 10% of those who have fatty liver diseases. Other points out the prevalence of NASH in Japan as 6 to 8 hundred thousand patients. The last two or three decades have seen the evolution of Western-style life of near complete inactivity, energy-dense food choices and liberal fiscal resources to obtain them and other means to avoid physical activity. Moreover, what is increasingly apparent is that NASH and NAFLD is not a Western disease and many population groups in the Asia-Pacific region are particularly prone to type 2 diabetes. Thus, it is not surprising that NASH has increasingly been diagnosed in several regions in Asia including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and India.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Role of interceptive orthodontics in early mixed dentition

Wong ML, Che Fatimah Awang, Ng LK, Norlian D, Rashidah Dato Burhanudin, Gere MJ

Singapore Dent J, 2004 Dec;26(1):10-4.
PMID: 15736836

Early orthodontic interventions are often initiated in the developing dentition to promote favourable developmental changes and remove or suppress those that are unfavourable. Early interceptive orthodontics can eliminate or reduce the severity of a developing malocclusion, the complexity of orthodontic treatment, overall treatment time and cost. It also improves self-esteem in the subjects and parental satisfaction. Early detection and appropriate referral of cases requiring interceptive orthodontics are important. However, lack of awareness among school children, parents and primary-care personnel (dental nurses and dental officers) may result in patients not being referred for timely interceptive intervention. This article presents a general view of the scope of interceptive orthodontics that can be carried out in early mixed dentition, i.e. when the permanent incisors and molars are erupting into the oral cavity.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Outcomes related to nutrition screening in community living older adults: A systematic literature review

Hamirudin AH, Charlton K, Walton K

Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2016 Jan-Feb;62:9-25.
PMID: 26444749 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.09.007

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition screening is an initial procedure in which the risk of malnutrition is identified. The aims of this review were to identify malnutrition risk from nutrition screening studies that have used validated nutrition screening tools in community living older adults; and to identify types of nutrition interventions, pathways of care and patient outcomes following screening.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for the period from January 1994 until December 2013 using SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed and COCHRANE databases as well as a manual search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined for the literature searches and the methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: Fifty-four articles were eligible to be included in the review and malnutrition risk varied from 0% to 83%. This large range was influenced by the different tools used and heterogeneity of study samples. Most of the studies were cross sectional and without a subsequent nutrition intervention component. Types of nutrition intervention that were identified included dietetics care, nutrition education, and referral to Meals on Wheels services and community services. These interventions helped to improve the' nutritional status of older adults.
CONCLUSIONS: Timely nutrition screening of older adults living in the community, if followed up with appropriate intervention and monitoring improves the nutritional status of older adults. This indicates that nutrition intervention should be considered a priority following nutrition screening for malnourished and at risk older adults. Further evaluation of outcomes of nutrition screening and associated interventions, using structured pathways of care, is warranted.
KEYWORDS: Community; Malnutrition; Nutrition intervention; Nutrition screening; Older adults; Outcomes

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Fulltext Hearing Risk among Young Personal Listening Device Users: Effects at High-Frequency and Extended High-Frequency Audiogram Thresholds

Sulaiman AH, Husain R, Seluakumaran K

J Int Adv Otol, 2015 Aug;11(2):104-9.
PMID: 26380997 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2015.699

The usage of personal listening devices (PLDs) is associated with risks of hearing loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of music exposure from these devices on high-frequency hearing thresholds of PLD users.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Fulltext Overweight, obesity and associated factors among 13-15 years old students in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations member countries, 2007-2014

Pengpid S, Peltzer K

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2016 Mar;47(2):250-62.
PMID: 27244964

The aim of this study was to assess overweight or obesity and associated factors in school-going adolescents in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member countries. The analysis included 30,284 school children 13-15 years of age from seven ASEAN members participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2007 and 2013. The overall prevalence of overweight or obesity across seven ASEAN countries (excluding Brunei) was 9.9%, significantly higher in boys (11.5%) than in girls (8.3%). Among eight ASEAN countries, the highest prevalence of overweight or obesity was in Brunei Darus-salam (36.1%), followed by Malaysia (23.7%), and the lowest was in Myanmar (3.4%) and Cambodia (3.7%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that younger age, coming from an upper middle country, never been hungry, and not walking or biking to school were associated with overweight or obesity. In addition, among boys, having three or more servings of vegetables per day and having no close friends, and among girls, having fast foods two or more times per week, been victims of bullying and having peer support were additional factors associated with overweight or obesity. Increased strategies utilizing a number of the risk factors identified are needed to prevent and treat overweight or obesity in adolescents in ASEAN member countries.
Study name: Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Fulltext Prevalence of coronary risk factors in a sample of Chinese women in Kuala Lumpur

Khor GL, Hsu-Hage BH, Sundram K, Wahlqvist ML

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Dec;52(4):367-76.
PMID: 10968113

Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease amongst a sample of urban Chinese women were investigated. These factors included body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio, total blood cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol and Lp(a) levels, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, family history of chronic disease, dietary habits and frequency of selected food intake. The subjects were found to have coronary risks with respect to BMI and TC level, both of which increased with age of the women. Hypertension, HDL-cholesterol and Lp(a) levels appeared not to pose as risk factors amongst these subjects. Dietary habits and intake showed significant correlations with subjects' BMI status. Health promotion is called for towards reducing the modifiable coronary risk factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Developing a nutrition education package for Malaysian hemodialysis patients

Karupaiah T, Swee CS, Abdullah R

J Ren Nutr, 2001 Oct;11(4):220-7.
PMID: 11680003

To develop an education package with uniform nutrition messages appropriate for Malaysian patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Epidemiological assessment of parasitic zoonoses in Malaysia

Shekhar KC

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1991 Dec;22 Suppl:337-9.
PMID: 1822920

Food-borne parasitic zoonoses are emerging as major public health problems in most countries because they are widespread and pose a medical challenge. Not only are they important from an economic standpoint, but they also cause severe sequalae in all those affected. The extent of parasitic zoonoses in Malaysia is considered a "tip of the iceberg" problem. Cases of zoonotic diseases, like porocphaliasis, sarcocystosis, toxoplasmosis, cysticercosis, hydatidosis, echinostomiasis, and gnathostomiasis are traced and documented. An epidemiologic reassessment of methods is suggested to determine the extent of these parasitoses in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Fulltext Diabetes care: is it adequate?--An audit of diabetes care in a hospital

Lim TO

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):18-22.
PMID: 2152064

An audit of diabetes care was done in a hospital to assess its effectiveness. The results revealed that diabetic patients received less than adequate care. Only 9% of the patients achieved good glycaemic control; 39% had hypertriglyceridemia and 65% had undesirable weight gain while on treatment. The average duration of diabetes in this group of young diabetic patients under study was only 4.5 years, yet 12% of them had evidence of diabetic retinopathy. Few patients possessed adequate knowledge and skills of diabetes self-care. No patients could draw up and mix insulin adequately. Only one patient could self-inject insulin correctly. Few understood the nature of hypoglycaemia, hence few took adequate precaution against it. Patients had frequent hypoglycaemia; 61% had at least one episode per week and 56% of the diabetic drivers admitted to occurrence of hypoglycaemia while driving. No patient understood the principle of diabetic diet therapy, nor did they carry out regular home-monitoring of their diabetes. Good diabetes care requires organisation with supportive patient education. The less than adequate standard of care achieved by the hospital under study is probably explained by the absence of both.
Study site: Outpatient clinic, Hospital Mentakab, Pahang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
The fading links between tradition and oral health in Singapore

Cheong YH

Int Dent J, 1984 Dec;34(4):253-6.
PMID: 6597130

Singapore is an island republic of 616 km2. Four main ethnic groups make up its population of 2.4 million; these are the Chinese, Malays, Indians and others. Singapore's successful housing, industrialization and modernization programmes have caused tremendous changes in the lifestyles and expectations of the people. This very success has rendered some traditional customs impractical and irrelevant. Older Indians and Malay women still chew betel-nut. During the Hindu Thaipusam ceremony a traditional practice of dental interest is the piercing of devotees' cheeks and tongues with slivers of silver. There is no pain, bleeding or permanent tissue damage. The Chinese pick their teeth, crack melon seeds and scrape their tongues every morning. They also drink large quantities of unsweetened tea. Yet they remain caries-prone. Singaporeans have recently adopted the practice of eating at all hours of the day and night. This may have a bearing on their future caries state. Singapore has two categories of dental practitioner: the graduate and the registered but unqualified dentist who is invariably of Chinese descent. The swaged metal crown over sound and diseased tooth structure is frequently the unfortunate trademark of the latter. Often abscesses and cysts develop beneath these crowns. Successful dental health programmes have produced a DMFT of 2.8 in 12-year-old children, which betters the DMF target of 3.0 set by WHO for the year 2000. The progressive outlook of Singaporeans may eventually reduce further the number of traditional practices which are harmful to oral health.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Biochemical assessment of the nutritional status of pre-school children in Kuala Trengganu

Chong YH

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):213-20.
PMID: 4278705
Matched MeSH terms: Food Habits
Areca nut: a review

Arjungi KN

Arzneimittelforschung, 1976;26(5):951-6.
PMID: 786304

Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut. It is a very widely cultivated plant in eastern countries like India, Bangladesh, Ceylon, Malaya, the Philippines and Japan. The importance of this nut is due to its use for chewing purposes. It had an important place as a pharmaceutical in Ayurveda--the ancient Indian system of medicine--also in the Chinese medicinal practices. The pharmaceutical importance of areca nut is due to the presence of an alkaloid, arecoline. Synthetic arecoline hydrobromide is also shown to possess numerous pharmacological properties. Chewing of "betel quid" or areca nut is a typical oriental habit. Betel quid comprises betel leaf, areca nut, catechu, lime and sometimes also tobacco. It is shown that there exists a correlationship between betel quid or areca nut chewing habit and oral cancer. A number of investigators have been able to produce cellular changes such as leukoplakia by application of betel quid or areca nut extract to the buccal mucosa of different animal.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Fulltext Mapping kras gene in colon cancer pathway using string and cytoscape software

Sandya Menon Prabhakaran Menon, Asita Elengoe

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):15-15.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the top three most commonly occurring cancer worldwide with more than 1.8 million cases in 2018. In Malaysia, colorectal cancer is the most common cancer in males and the second most common cancer in females. Albeit being the second most common form of cancer in Malaysia, there is a lack of a formal or structured national colorectal cancer screening programme in Malaysia and it remains a low priority in healthcare planning and expenditure in Malaysia. The risk of developing colon cancer is greatly influenced by factors such as lifestyle habits, genetic inheritance, diet, weight, and exercise. Kras, the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer, occurs in about 50 percent of colorectal cancers. Methods: This study maps the kras gene involved in colon cancer pathway, using bioinformatics applications such as STRING version 11.0 and Cytoscape version 3.7.0 to provide a clear visualisation of all the related and involved proteins and genes that interact with this kras gene in the pathway. Results: The 3391 protein interactions were assembled and visualized in y organic form. Six spe-cific non-overlapping clusters of various sizes, which emerged from the huge network of protein-interactors using MCODE version 1.32 clustering algorithm were found. Biological Networks Gene Ontology (BiNGO) was used to determine two ontologies (molecular function and biological process) involved in the protein network. Based on the resulting protein-protein network interaction map, each interaction plays an important role in the cell cycle, meta-bolic pathways and signal transduction. Conclusion: Understanding these interactions provide insight into cellular activities and thus assist in the understanding of the aetiology of disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Fulltext Effect of cigarette smoke exposure to expression of TRAIL R1 on tongue epithelium Rattus Novergicus

Herlambang Devianto, Desiana Radithia, Bagus Soebadi, Adiastuti Endah Parmadiati, Rosnah Zain

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(107):36-36.
MyJurnal

Introduction: One of the risk factors for cancer is the habit of smoking. Some carcinogenic substances in ciga-rettes are nicotine and nitrosamine. In cigarette smoke there are free radical molecules or Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that can cause DNA mutations that can disrupt the balance of cell metabolism. One of them is the apoptosis, apoptosis is a programmed cell death mechanism. In cancer conditions there are apoptotic disorders and excessive proliferation of cells. The process of apoptosis is influenced by the death receptor, Tumor Necrosis Factor apoptosis inducing ligand R1 (TRAIL R1). This study aims to determine the effect of smoke exposure to expression of TRAIL R1 on the mucosal epithelium of the tongue of the Wistar rat (Rattus Novergicus). Methods: The subjects of this study were 24 male Rattus Novergicus with the age range of 12-14 weeks and weighing ± 170 grams. Divided into 4 groups with 2 control groups 4 weeks (K4), 8 weeks (K8) and 2 treatment groups each given 2 cigarettes / day ex-posure to cigarette smoke for each rat for 4 weeks (P4) and 8 weeks (P8). Results: The results showed that exposure to cigarette smoke can cause interference with TRAIL R1 expression. There was a significant difference in TRAIL R1 expression between the control and treatment groups and there was a significant difference in TRAIL R1 expression between the duration of cigarette smoke exposure (P4 and P8). Conclusion: Exposure to cigarette smoke can interfere with the process of apoptosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Fulltext Retrospective child feeding practices and obesity risk among young adults

Wan Ling Chew, Kaur Satvinder, Serene En Hui Tung, Ai Ni Teoh, Choon Ming Ng

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):106-112.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Early environmental factors play a major role in shaping the health of an individual. Dietary prefer- ence and habits shaped by parental feeding practice during childhood are likely to persist into adulthood which further determines body weights status. This study aimed to determine the retrospective child feeding practices asso- ciated with obesity risk in young adults. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with 176 university students in Kuala Lumpur. Data of maternal age, gestational age and feeding practices were collected retrospectively using Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Subject’s current socio-demographic data was collected and anthropo- metric measurements were taken using standard protocol. Results: Around 22% of the subjects were overweight/ obese. No significant association was found between child feeding practices with maternal age. A significant asso- ciation (p

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Fulltext Body mass index (BMI) status and associated lifestyle factors among nursing students in Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Soong Shui Fun, Segaran Ramodran, Chyretta Burno, Mohd Ishkandar Nazlan, Wihelmina Michael

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):42-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: The Ministry of Health Malaysia over the last 20 years has initiated healthy lifestyle campaign to curb obesity but the issue has remained an escalating problem affecting Malaysians. Obesity among students in higher institute is a concern. Undergraduate student nurses as role-model advocating health, being overweight can be a problem. This study is to identify BMI status and determine associated lifestyle factors among undergraduate nurses in UMS. Methods: The study deployed a cross-sectional descriptive survey using a questionnaire to empirically asses BMI status and associated dietary and exercise practice among student nurses. Ethical clearance for the study was ob- tained from UMS`s REC and as well as respondents` consent. A total of 100(N) nursing students were selected through stratified sampling by year of study (year 1, n=35; year 2 n=35; and year 3 n=30). Random sampling for each year of study was done using full name list generated using Microsoft excel. The study tool consists of a validated instrument which captured the respondent’s demographics, BMI index, Healthy Eating Practice Index, and Exercise Practice Inventory. Results: Among the 100 student nurses in this study, 28 students had BMI index of more than 24.9 (either being overweight, obesity Type I or Type II). Students from finalYear 3are significantly overweight(p=0.03) compared to Year 1 or Year 2 students. Comparing respondents with optimum BMI and non-optimum BMI, students who are overweight had significantly poorer Healthy Eating Practice scores and poorer Exercise practice scores. Conclusion: Findings from this study imply that 1 in 4 nursing students are overweight mostly related to poor lifestyle habits. These findings raise the rhetoric and implication of overweight nurses as health care role -models and this paper will discuss some suggestions to address the issue.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits
Fulltext Descriptive Regional Subanalysis of a Real-World Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Gliclazide MR During Fasting: DIA-RAMADAN

Hassanein M, Al Sifri S, Shaikh S, Raza SA, Akram J, Rudijanto A, et al.

Diabetes Ther, 2021 Jun;12(6):1703-1719.
PMID: 33974216 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01067-1

INTRODUCTION: To analyse the safety and effectiveness of gliclazide modified release (MR) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in Ramadan from three geographically and culturally different regions of the world included in the DIA-RAMADAN study.
METHODS: DIA-RAMADAN was a real-world, observational, international, non-comparative study. The global study population was divided into three regional subgroups, with data gathered at inclusion 6-8 weeks prior to Ramadan (V0), during Ramadan (4.5 weeks) and 4-6 weeks after Ramadan (V1). Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients reporting ≥ 1 symptomatic hypoglycaemic events (HE), which were collected using a patient diary along with other adverse events.
RESULTS: Patient numbers from the three regions were n = 564 (46.5%; Indian sub-continent), n = 354 (29.1%; Middle East) and n = 296 (24.4%; South-East Asia). Patient baseline characteristics, demographics, fasting habits and antidiabetic treatments varied between regions. There were similar proportions of symptomatic HE between regions, with no severe HE. Significant weight reductions were observed in all regions following Ramadan, along with reductions in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose.
CONCLUSION: These real-world study data indicate that gliclazide MR is safe and effective for management of type 2 diabetes during Ramadan in all three regions studied as part of DIA-RAMADAN.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04132934. INFOGRAPHIC.

Matched MeSH terms: Habits

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