Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 131 in total

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  1. Distribution, relative abundance, food habits, and parasite patterns of giant rats (Rattus) in West Malaysia
    Lim BL
    J Mammal, 1970 Nov;51(4):730-40.
    PMID: 5530310
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis, Animal*
  2. Fulltext Does vitamin A supplementation protect schoolchildren from acquiring soil-transmitted helminthiasis? A randomized controlled trial
    Al-Mekhlafi HM, Anuar TS, Al-Zabedi EM, Al-Maktari MT, Mahdy MA, Ahmed A, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2014;7:367.
    PMID: 25127885 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-367
    Despite the intensive global efforts to control intestinal parasitic infections, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections is still very high in many developing countries particularly among children in rural areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy*; Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/prevention & control*
  3. Fulltext Editorial: Expert opinions and perspectives in immunity to worms infection: 2022
    Fonte L, Lim BH, Sarmiento ME, Acosta A
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1210743.
    PMID: 37215137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210743
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis*
  4. Effect of intestinal helminthiasis on intestinal permeability of early primary schoolchildren
    Raj SM, Sein KT, Anuar AK, Mustaffa BE
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1996 11 1;90(6):666-9.
    PMID: 9015510
    Intestinal permeability of 246 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools (106 of whom were infected with intestinal helminths) was assessed by using the lactulose/mannitol differential absorption test. The ratio of the urinary recoveries of lactulose and mannitol was determined after oral administration of a standard solution of the 2 sugars. Assessment of intestinal permeability was repeated on 100 infected children after treatment and on a cohort of 68 uninfected children. Infected and uninfected groups were compared with respect to baseline lactulose/mannitol ratio (L/M1) and change in lactulose/mannitol ratio between assessments (delta L/M). The correlations between baseline intensity of infection and L/M1, and between fall in intensity and delta L/M, were evaluated. Based on a crude index of socioeconomic status, each child was assigned to one of 3 socioeconomic groups; all but 3 children belonged to either groups 2 or 3. Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides were the 2 predominant infections; the hookworm infection rate was relatively low. The results suggested that helminthiasis exerted only a marginal effect on intestinal permeability, the impact of which in children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds was negligible in comparison with the cumulative effects of other factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy; Helminthiasis/metabolism*
  5. Effect of intestinal helminthiasis on school attendance by early primary schoolchildren
    Raj SM, Sein KT, Anuar AK, Mustaffa BE
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1997 3 1;91(2):131-2.
    PMID: 9196748
    Stool examination of 249 early primary schoolchildren at 2 schools in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia revealed that 73 were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 103 with Trichuris trichiura, and 18 with hookworms. Infected children were treated with a single dose of 400 mg of albendazole. The school attendance records during a 60 d period before treatment and 2 consecutive 60 d periods after treatment were examined. The absenteeism rate did not improve more among infected children after treatment than it did among the uninfected control children. The correlation between worm intensity and the number of lost school-days was poor. There was no evidence that intestinal helminthiasis caused school absenteeism among this group of children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/drug therapy*; Helminthiasis/parasitology
  6. Fulltext Endo-parasite fauna of rodents caught in five wet markets in Kuala Lumpur and its potential zoonotic implications
    Paramasvaran S, Sani RA, Hassan L, Hanjeet K, Krishnasamy M, John J, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2009 Apr;26(1):67-72.
    PMID: 19696729
    Rodents were collected from five wet markets (Chow Kit, Dato Keramat, Setapak, Jinjang and Kepong) in Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory between March to April 2006. Ninety seven rats were trapped using wire traps measuring 29 x 22 x 50 cm baited with fruits, coconuts, dried fish or sweet potatoes. A total of 17 different species of parasites were identified from three species of rats out of which 11 (65%) were identified to be zoonotic. The helminths identified from the urban rats were nematodes- Capillaria hepatica, Gongylonema neoplasticum, Heterakis spumosa, Heterakis sp., Masterphorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Physolaptera sp., Pterogodermatis sp., Rictularia tani and Syphacia muris; cestodes- Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis sabnema, Hymenolepis sp., Raillietina sp. and Taenia taeniaeformis, and acanthocephalan- Moniliformis moniliformis. The following parasites are of potential medical importance: C. hepatica, G. neoplasticum, R. tani, S. muris, H. diminuta, H. nana, Raillietina sp. and T. taeniaeformis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology*; Helminthiasis, Animal/transmission
  7. Epidemiological survey of intestinal parasitic infections in children of Sabah, Malaysia
    Levy J
    Community Med, 1988 Aug;10(3):240-9.
    PMID: 3265369
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology
  8. Fulltext Epidemiological surveys of, and research on, soil-transmitted helminths in Southeast Asia: a systematic review
    Dunn JC, Turner HC, Tun A, Anderson RM
    Parasit Vectors, 2016 Jan 27;9:31.
    PMID: 26813007 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1310-2
    Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections of humans fall within the World Health Organization's (WHO) grouping termed the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It is estimated that they affect approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide. A significant proportion of these infections are in the population of Southeast Asia. This review analyses published data on STH prevalence and intensity in Southeast Asia over the time period of 1900 to the present to describe age related patterns in these epidemiological measures. This is with a focus on the four major parasite species affecting humans; namely Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the hookworms; Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale. Data were also collected on the diagnostic methods used in the published surveys and how the studies were designed to facilitate comparative analyses of recorded patterns and changes therein over time. PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Global Atlas of Helminth Infections search engines were used to identify studies on STH in Southeast Asia with the search based on the major key words, and variants on, "soil-transmitted helminth" "Ascaris" "Trichuris" "hookworm" and the country name. A total of 280 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria from 11 Southeast Asian countries; Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam. It was concluded that the epidemiological patterns of STH infection by age and species mix in Southeast Asia are similar to those reported in other parts of the world. In the published studies there were a large number of different diagnostic methods used with differing sensitivities and specificities, which makes comparison of the results both within and between countries difficult. There is a clear requirement to standardise the methods of both STH diagnosis in faecal material and how the intensity of infection is recorded and reported in future STH research and in monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the impact of continuing and expanding mass drug administration (MDA) programmes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  9. Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiases in Malaysia
    Ahmed A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Surin J
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2011 May;42(3):527-38.
    PMID: 21706930
    We reviewed the epidemiology of STH in Malaysia from the 1970s to 2009. High prevalence rates persist among the rural Aborigines, estate workers and in urban slums and squatter areas. Trichuris trichiura is the most prevalent helminth in Malaysia ranging from 2.1% to 98.2%. Ascaris lumbricoides follows closely with a prevalence rate of 4.6-86.7%, while hookworm is the least prevalent (0-37.0%). A countrywide control program with special emphasis on school-based intervention is highly recommended among aboriginal people.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis/prevention & control; Helminthiasis/transmission*
  10. Fulltext Fecal parasite risk in the endangered proboscis monkey is higher in an anthropogenically managed forest environment compared to a riparian rain forest in Sabah, Borneo
    Klaus A, Strube C, Röper KM, Radespiel U, Schaarschmidt F, Nathan S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(4):e0195584.
    PMID: 29630671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195584
    Understanding determinants shaping infection risk of endangered wildlife is a major topic in conservation medicine. The proboscis monkey, Nasalis larvatus, an endemic primate flagship species for conservation in Borneo, is endangered through habitat loss, but can still be found in riparian lowland and mangrove forests, and in some protected areas. To assess socioecological and anthropogenic influence on intestinal helminth infections in N. larvatus, 724 fecal samples of harem and bachelor groups, varying in size and the number of juveniles, were collected between June and October 2012 from two study sites in Malaysian Borneo: 634 samples were obtained from groups inhabiting the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary (LKWS), 90 samples were collected from groups of the Labuk Bay Proboscis Monkey Sanctuary (LBPMS), where monkeys are fed on stationary feeding platforms. Parasite risk was quantified by intestinal helminth prevalence, host parasite species richness (PSR), and eggs per gram feces (epg). Generalized linear mixed effect models were applied to explore whether study site, group type, group size, the number of juveniles per group, and sampling month predict parasite risk. At the LBPMS, prevalence and epg of Trichuris spp., strongylids, and Strongyloides spp. but not Ascaris spp., as well as host PSR were significantly elevated. Only for Strongyloides spp., prevalence showed significant changes between months; at both sites, the beginning rainy season with increased precipitation was linked to higher prevalence, suggesting the external life cycle of Strongyloides spp. to benefit from humidity. Higher prevalence, epgs, and PSR within the LBPMS suggest that anthropogenic factors shape host infection risk more than socioecological factors, most likely via higher re-infection rates and chronic stress. Noninvasive measurement of fecal parasite stages is an important tool for assessing transmission dynamics and infection risks for endangered tropical wildlife. Findings will contribute to healthcare management in nature and in anthropogenically managed environments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/parasitology; Helminthiasis/transmission
  11. Gastrointestinal parasites in rural dogs and cats in Selangor and Pahang states in Peninsular Malaysia
    Ngui R, Lee SC, Yap NJ, Tan TK, Aidil RM, Chua KH, et al.
    Acta Parasitol, 2014 Oct;59(4):737-44.
    PMID: 25236287 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-014-0306-3
    To estimate the current prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in dogs and cats, a total of 105 fresh faecal samples were collected from rural areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Each faecal sample was examined for the presence of GI parasites by microscopic examination after formalin-ether concentration technique and for protozoa, trichrome and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were employed. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection was 88.6% (95% CI = 82.5-94.7) in which 88.3% of dogs and 89.3% of cats were infected with at least one parasites species, respectively. There were 14 different GI parasites species (nematodes, cestodes and protozoa) detected, including Ancylostoma spp. (62.9%), Toxocara spp. (32.4%), Trichuris vulpis (21.0%), Spirometra spp. (9.5%), Toxascaris leonina (5.7%), Dipylidium caninum (4.8%), Ascaris spp. (2.9%), Hymenolepis diminuta (1.0%) and others. General prevalence of GI parasites showed a significant difference between helminth (84.4%) and protozoa (34.3%) infections. Monoparasitism (38.1%) was less frequent than polyparasitism (46.7%). As several of these GI parasites are recognized as zoonotic agents, the results of this investigation revealed that local populations may be exposed to a broad spectrum of zoonotic agents by means of environmental contamination with dogs and cats faeces and this information should be used to mitigate public health risks. Prevention and control measures have to be taken in order to reduce the prevalence rates especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities where animals live in close proximity to people, poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding together with a lack in veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology*
  12. General survey of hookworm and helminth infections
    Barnes ME, Russell PF
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1926;1:20-7.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis
  13. Geohelminth infection of children from rural plantations and urban slums in Malaysia
    Kan SP, Guyatt HL, Bundy DA
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1989 11 1;83(6):817-20.
    PMID: 2617652
    This study compares levels of geohelminth infection in children living in rural estates and urban slum areas of Malaysia. The statistical characteristics of geohelminth infection in 1499 children from birth up to 15 years of age, living in rural estates, were analysed according to age, sex and ethnic origin and compared with the same statistics for 1574 slum-dwelling children of similar age groups and ethnic origins. The prevalence and intensity of ascariasis and trichuriasis were significantly higher among children from the urban slums. Slum-dwelling ethnic Indians and Malays had higher levels of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura than their rural counterparts, but the infection status of the ethnic Chinese in the 2 areas was similar. Hookworm infection was similar in both areas, indicating that hookworm infection is neither necessarily nor solely a rural disease. These results suggest that urban slum children are at greater risk of ascariasis and trichuriasis than their rural counterparts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology*
  14. Hazards of importation with special reference to Helminths
    SANDOSHAM AA
    Med J Malaya, 1956 Sep;11(1):33-8; discussion, 38-9.
    PMID: 13399541
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/transmission*
  15. Fulltext Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota
    Lee SC, Tang MS, Lim YA, Choy SH, Kurtz ZD, Cox LM, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2014 May;8(5):e2880.
    PMID: 24851867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002880
    Soil-transmitted helminths colonize more than 1.5 billion people worldwide, yet little is known about how they interact with bacterial communities in the gut microbiota. Differences in the gut microbiota between individuals living in developed and developing countries may be partly due to the presence of helminths, since they predominantly infect individuals from developing countries, such as the indigenous communities in Malaysia we examine in this work. We compared the composition and diversity of bacterial communities from the fecal microbiota of 51 people from two villages in Malaysia, of which 36 (70.6%) were infected by helminths. The 16S rRNA V4 region was sequenced at an average of nineteen thousand sequences per samples. Helminth-colonized individuals had greater species richness and number of observed OTUs with enrichment of Paraprevotellaceae, especially with Trichuris infection. We developed a new approach of combining centered log-ratio (clr) transformation for OTU relative abundances with sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) to enable more robust predictions of OTU interrelationships. These results suggest that helminths may have an impact on the diversity, bacterial community structure and function of the gut microbiota.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/microbiology*; Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis/parasitology*
  16. Fulltext Helminth communities from two urban rat populations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Mohd Zain SN, Behnke JM, Lewis JW
    Parasit Vectors, 2012 Mar 07;5:47.
    PMID: 22397763 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-47
    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of parasitic infections among commensal animals such as black and brown rats in many tropical countries is high and in comparison with studies on rodents in temperate climates, little is known about the community structure of their parasites. Rodent borne parasites pose threats to human health since people living in close proximity to rodent populations can be exposed to infection.

    METHODS: The helminth community structures of two urban rat populations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were investigated. The rats were from two contrasting sites in the city caught over a period of 21 months in 2000-2002.

    RESULTS: Eleven species of helminth parasites comprising seven nematodes (Heterakis spumosum, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Syphacia muris, Pterygodermatites tani/whartoni, Gongylonema neoplasticum, Angiostrongylus malaysiensis), three cestodes (Hymenolepis (Rodentolepis) nana, H. diminuta and Taenia taeniaeformis) and one acanthocephalan (Moniliformis moniliformis) were recovered from 346 Rattus rattus and 104 R. norvegicus from two urban sites, Bangsar and Chow Kit, during 2000-2002. Rattus rattus harboured over 60% of all helminths compared with R. norvegicus, although both host species played a dominant role in the different sites with, for example R. norvegicus at Bangsar and R. rattus at Chow Kit accounting for most of the nematodes. Overall 80% of rats carried at least one species of helminth, with the highest prevalences being shown by H. diminuta (35%), H. spumosum (29.8%) and H. nana (28.4%). Nevertheless, there were marked differences in prevalence rates between sites and hosts. The influence of extrinsic (year, season and site) and intrinsic (species, sex and age) factors affecting infracommunity structure (abundance and prevalence of infection) and measures of component community structure were analyzed.

    CONCLUSIONS: Since at least two species of rat borne helminths in Kuala Lumpur have the potential to infect humans, and these showed high prevalences in the rats, the assessment and regular monitoring of infections carried by wild rodents have important roles to play in public health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology*
  17. Helminth parasites from the Old World leaf monkey Presbytis from West Malaysia
    Palmieri JR, Krishnasamy M, Sullivan JT
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1977 Sep;8(3):409.
    PMID: 415371
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal*
  18. Helminth parasites occurrence in wild proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus), endemic primates to Borneo Island
    Adrus M, Zainuddin R, Ahmad Khairi NH, Ahamad M, Abdullah MT
    J Med Primatol, 2019 12;48(6):357-363.
    PMID: 31486088 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12437
    BACKGROUND: Nasalis larvatus are well-known attraction for tourists in the mangrove forest of Bako National Park (BNP). Little is known regarding the infestation of helminth parasites in proboscis monkeys. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence species of major helminth parasites of public health importance in proboscis monkeys in BNP.

    METHODS: A total of 65 faecal samples screened for helminth parasites via sodium nitrate floatation and faecal sedimentation techniques.

    RESULTS: A total of 14 helminth parasite species comprising of eight genera of nematodes, two species of cestodes and two trematodes were identified. Eggs of Trichuris trichiura were the most frequently encountered in proboscis monkeys.

    CONCLUSION: This is the first survey on the fauna of helminth parasites of proboscis monkeys living in mangrove forests, and therefore, it implies the important baseline information that increases our current knowledge for future research regarding parasite-host ecology in primates.

    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology*; Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology
  19. Helminth parasites of gallus domesticus L. in Penang island
    Khairul Anuar A, Khamis S
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Dec;33(2):186-92.
    PMID: 755174
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis, Animal*
  20. Helminth parasites of the lesser mouse-deer Tragulus javanicus Osbeck from Peninsular Malaysia
    Singh KI, Krishnasamy M
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1980 Sep;11(3):418-20.
    PMID: 7444587
    Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/epidemiology; Helminthiasis, Animal*
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