Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 517 in total

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  1. A hepatitis B serological survey in Sibu, Sarawak January - July 1990
    Hu CH, Ting R, Wong L
    Family Physician, 1991;3:70-73.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis B
  2. Fulltext A systematic review of the epidemiology of Hepatitis E virus infection in South - Eastern Asia
    Raji YE, Toung OP, Mohd Taib N, Sekawi ZB
    Virulence, 2021 12;12(1):114-129.
    PMID: 33372843 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1865716
    Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging zoonotic viral disease, with an increasingly international public health challenge. Despite the concerns that the global disease burden may be underestimated. Therefore, evaluation of the disease epidemiology in South - eastern Asia through a systematic review will assist in unraveling the burden of the disease in the subregion. A priori protocol was prepared for the systematic review and followed by a literature search involving five electronic databases. Identified publications were screened for high quality studies and the elimination of bias and relevant data extracted. A total of 4157 citations were captured, and only 35 were included in the review. A wide range of HEV seroprevalence was recorded from 2% (urban blood donors in Malaysia) to 77.7% (lowland communities in Lao PDR). Sporadic HEV infection and epidemics were also detected in the subregion. Indicating hyperendemicity of the disease in South - eastern Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis E/immunology; Hepatitis E/epidemiology*; Hepatitis E/transmission; Hepatitis E/virology; Hepatitis E virus/immunology; Hepatitis E virus/pathogenicity
  3. Fulltext Detection of virus-specific polymeric immunoglobulin A in acute hepatitis A, C, E virus serum samples using novel chimeric secretory component
    Mohd Hanafiah K, Garcia ML, Barnes NC, Anderson DA
    BMC Res Notes, 2018 Oct 01;11(1):688.
    PMID: 30285838 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3799-2
    OBJECTIVE: To conduct a proof-of-concept study on preferential binding of polymeric IgA (pIgA) using a novel recombinant rabbit/human chimeric secretory component (cSC) and preliminary assessment of the diagnostic potential of virus-specific pIgA in discriminating acute hepatitis A, E, and C (HAV, HEV, HCV) patients and uninfected controls using an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay.

    RESULTS: cSC binds > 0.06 μg/ml of purified human and mouse pIgA with negligible cross-reactivity against IgM and IgA. Virus-specific pIgA was significantly higher in serum of acute HAV (n = 6) and HEV (n = 12) patients than uninfected samples (HEV: p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis A/blood*; Hepatitis Antibodies/blood*; Hepatitis C/blood*; Hepatitis E/blood*
  4. Clinical quiz [FPv11n3]
    Doshi HH
    Family Physician, 2001;11:40-40.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis B
  5. Fulltext Non-invasive biomarkers for liver inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: present and future
    Chuah KH, Chan WK
    Clin Mol Hepatol, 2023 Apr;29(2):401-403.
    PMID: 36858457 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0062
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis*
  6. Fulltext Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update
    Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, Abbas Z, Chan HL, Chen CJ, et al.
    Hepatol Int, 2016 Jan;10(1):1-98.
    PMID: 26563120 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9675-4
    Worldwide, some 240 million people have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), with the highest rates of infection in Africa and Asia. Our understanding of the natural history of HBV infection and the potential for therapy of the resultant disease is continuously improving. New data have become available since the previous APASL guidelines for management of HBV infection were published in 2012. The objective of this manuscript is to update the recommendations for the optimal management of chronic HBV infection. The 2015 guidelines were developed by a panel of Asian experts chosen by the APASL. The clinical practice guidelines are based on evidence from existing publications or, if evidence was unavailable, on the experts' personal experience and opinion after deliberations. Manuscripts and abstracts of important meetings published through January 2015 have been evaluated. This guideline covers the full spectrum of care of patients infected with hepatitis B, including new terminology, natural history, screening, vaccination, counseling, diagnosis, assessment of the stage of liver disease, the indications, timing, choice and duration of single or combination of antiviral drugs, screening for HCC, management in special situations like childhood, pregnancy, coinfections, renal impairment and pre- and post-liver transplant, and policy guidelines. However, areas of uncertainty still exist, and clinicians, patients, and public health authorities must therefore continue to make choices on the basis of the evolving evidence. The final clinical practice guidelines and recommendations are presented here, along with the relevant background information.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/diagnosis*; Hepatitis B/therapy*; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification; Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis*; Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy*
  7. Fulltext Acute renal failure and hepatitis: a rare manifestation of typhoid Fever - a case report
    Sulaiman W, Gunavathy M, Othman M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2007 Jan;14(1):65-6.
    PMID: 22593655 MyJurnal
    Hepatitis complicating typhoid fever has been previously reported widely. Occurrence of acute renal failure and hepatitis together is exremenly rare. A case report of complicated acute renal failure and hepatitis in a tyhoid patient is reported and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis; Hepatitis A
  8. Fulltext Preventing Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus - A Success Story Which Can Be Enhanced
    Tan SS, Chua A
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):103-4.
    PMID: 23629552
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens*; Hepatitis B virus*
  9. Fulltext Hepatitis B seroprevalence among University of Malaya Students in the Post-universal Infant Vaccination Era
    Ng KP, Ngeow YF, Rozainah K, Rosmawati M
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):144-7.
    PMID: 23629561 MyJurnal
    A nationwide HBV vaccination for neonates in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was implemented in Malaysia in 1989. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc among the new student intakes in the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Malaya from 2005 to 2011.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis B Vaccines*
  10. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of the immunodominant region of hepatitis B surface antigen displayed on bacteriophage T7
    Tan GH, Yusoff K, Seow HF, Tan WS
    J Med Virol, 2005 Dec;77(4):475-80.
    PMID: 16254965
    The immunodominant region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) located in the viral small surface antigen (S-HBsAg) elicits virus-neutralizing and protective antibodies. In order to develop an easy and inexpensive method to produce this region without the need for extensive purification, amino acid residues 111-156 of S-HBsAg were fused to the C-terminal end of the 10B capsid protein of T7 phage. Western blotting and ELISA confirmed the expression of the recombinant protein on the surface of the phage particles. The recombinant phage exhibited the antigenic and immunogenic characteristics of HBsAg, illustrating its potential as an immunological reagent and vaccine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology*; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/chemistry; Hepatitis B virus/genetics; Hepatitis B virus/immunology
  11. Serum hepatitis B virus DNA: relationship with the e-antigen and anti-e status in chronic carriers
    Yap SF, Wong NW, Goh KL
    Malays J Pathol, 1994 Jun;16(1):57-62.
    PMID: 16329577
    The relationship between serum Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) and the Hepatitis B e-antigen/ anti-Hepatitis Be (HBeAg/anti-HBe) serological status in Malaysians was studied. 212 cases of asymptomatic HBV carriers were recruited for this study. 92 cases were positive for the HBeAg at the point of recruitment. 85 (92.4%) of these patients tested positive for HBV-DNA, of whom 55 (64.7%) had levels over 100pg/ml of serum. Three of the remaining 7 HBeAg positive cases who were negative for HBV-DNA subsequently seroconverted. The other 4 cases remained negative for HBV-DNA for periods of 6-12 months. Out of 113 cases who were anti-HBe positive, 12 (10.6%) gave a positive HBV-DNA result. 2 of these 12 patients were recent seroconverters; the remaining cases had transiently increased viral replicative activity which later subsided. 7 out of the 212 carriers were in the e-window period; all 7 tested negative for HBV-DNA. Our data confirm a high frequency of HBV-DNA in HBeAg positive carriers and a negative correlation between HBV-DNA and anti-HBe. An atypical profile of anti-HBe associated with HBV-DNA was observed in 10.6% of the carriers. An inverse relationship between serum HBV-DNA levels and age was also observed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood*; Hepatitis B e Antigens/immunology*; Hepatitis B virus/genetics; Hepatitis B virus/immunology; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification*; Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology*
  12. Molecular and serological detection of occult hepatitis B virus among healthy hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood donors in Malaysia
    Hudu SA, Harmal NS, Saeed MI, Alshrari AS, Malik YA, Niazlin MT, et al.
    Afr Health Sci, 2016 Sep;16(3):677-683.
    PMID: 27917199
    BACKGROUND: Occult hepatitis B infections are becoming a major global threat, but the available data on its prevalence in various parts of the world are often divergent.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to detect occult hepatitis B virus in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative serum using anti-HBc as a marker of previous infection.

    PATIENT AND METHODS: A total of 1000 randomly selected hepatitis B surface antigen-negative sera from blood donors were tested for hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B surface antibody using an ELISA and nested polymerase chain reaction was done using primers specific to the surface gene (S-gene).

    RESULTS: Of the 1000 samples 55 (5.5%) were found to be reactive, of which 87.3% (48/55) were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, indicating immunity as a result of previous infection however, that does not exclude active infection with escaped mutant HBV. Nested PCR results showed the presence of hepatitis B viral DNA in all the 55 samples that were positive for core protein, which is in agreement with the hepatitis B surface antibody result.

    CONCLUSION: This study reveals the 5.5% prevalence of occult hepatitis B among Malaysian blood donors as well as the reliability of using hepatitis B core antibody in screening for occult hepatitis B infection in low endemic, low socioeconomic settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/diagnosis*; Hepatitis B/epidemiology; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood*; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics; Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification*
  13. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in southeast and southern Asia: challenges for governments
    Wait S, Kell E, Hamid S, Muljono DH, Sollano J, Mohamed R, et al.
    Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2016 11;1(3):248-255.
    PMID: 28404097 DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(16)30031-0
    In 2015, the Coalition to Eradicate Viral Hepatitis in Asia Pacific gathered leading hepatitis experts from Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand to discuss common challenges to the burden posed by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), to learn from each other's experience, and identify sustainable approaches. In this report, we summarise these discussions. Countries differ in their policy responses to HBV and HCV; however, substantial systemic, cultural, and financial barriers to achievement of elimination of these infections persist in all countries. Common challenges to elimination include limited availability of reliable epidemiological data; insufficient public awareness of risk factors and modes of transmission, leading to underdiagnosis; high rates of transmission through infected blood products, including in medical settings; limited access to care for people who inject drugs; prevailing stigma and discrimination against people infected with viral hepatitis; and financial barriers to treatment and care. Despite these challenges, promising examples of effective programmes, public-private initiatives, and other innovative approaches are evident in all countries we studied in Asia Pacific. The draft WHO Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016-21 provides a solid framework upon which governments can build their local strategies towards viral hepatitis. However, greater recognition by national governments and the international community of the urgency to comprehensively tackle both HBV and HCV are still needed. In all countries, strategic plans and policy goals need to be translated into resources and concrete actions, with national governments at the helm, to enable a sustainable response to the rising burden of hepatitis B and C in all countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/diagnosis; Hepatitis B/epidemiology; Hepatitis B/prevention & control*; Hepatitis B/transmission; Hepatitis C/diagnosis; Hepatitis C/epidemiology; Hepatitis C/prevention & control*; Hepatitis C/transmission
  14. Fulltext Hepatitis B and C virus infection and diabetes mellitus: A cohort study
    Hong YS, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cainzos-Achirica M, Kwon MJ, Zhang Y, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2017 07 04;7(1):4606.
    PMID: 28676706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04206-6
    The role of hepatitis virus infection in glucose homeostasis is uncertain. We examined the associations between hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of diabetes in a cohort (N = 439,708) of asymptomatic participants in health screening examinations. In cross-sectional analyses, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for prevalent diabetes comparing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (+) to HBsAg (-) participants was 1.17 (95% CI 1.06-1.31; P = 0.003). The corresponding odds ratio comparing hepatitis C antibodies (HCV Ab) (+) to HCV Ab (-) participants was 1.43 (95% CI 1.01-2.02, P = 0.043). In prospective analyses, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for incident diabetes comparing HBsAg (+) to HbsAg (-) participants was 1.23 (95% CI 1.08-1.41; P = 0.007). The number of incident cases of diabetes among HCV Ab (+) participants (10 cases) was too small to reliably estimate the prospective association between HCV infection and diabetes. In this large population at low risk of diabetes, HBV and HCV infections were associated with diabetes prevalence and HBV infection with the risk of incident diabetes. Our studies add evidence suggesting that diabetes is an additional metabolic complication of HBV and HCV infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/immunology*; Hepatitis B/epidemiology; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism*; Hepatitis C/immunology*; Hepatitis C/epidemiology; Hepatitis C Antibodies/metabolism*
  15. Trends in hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Kelantan, Malaysia: a retrospective study
    Yousuf R, Rapiaah M, Ahmed SA, Rosline H, Salam A, Selamah S, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2007 Nov;38(6):1070-4.
    PMID: 18613548
    The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends in hepatitis B infection among blood donors attending the Transfusion Medicine Unit at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. A retrospective study was carried out by reviewing the results of HBsAg among blood donors for the years 2000 to 2004. During this period, 44,658 blood donors were studied. We noted that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B infection between regular and first time donors. There was also a decreasing trend noticed in both study groups. The mean prevalence was significantly different between first time (1.83%) and regular donors (0.45%) (p < 0.005). There is a need to improve public awareness programs to lower the incidence of hepatitis B infection in the general population and consequently first time blood donors. Future studies are also required to determine the trends and outcomes of these programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/epidemiology*; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/isolation & purification; Hepatitis B virus*
  16. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody among health care employees in Negri Sembilan, Malaysia, 1989
    Tan TC, Vadivale M, Ong CN
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1992;6(3):134-9.
    PMID: 1342800 DOI: 10.1177/101053959200600303
    This study was based on a hepatitis B screening program conducted in one of the states in Malaysia in 1989. The majority (84.6%) of the 2986 health employees were screened. One quarter (25%) was found to have serological markers for the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV); 2.1% had Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) and 22.8% had antibody to the Hepatitis B surface Antigen (anti-HBs). The occurrence of HBsAg was higher in ethnic Chinese (6.3%) compared to Malays (1.8%) and Indians (0.9%), even when analyzed by sex, but not with age, type of institution and geographical locality. The distribution of anti-HBs was higher with ethnic Chinese (41.6%), male sex (27.2%) and age. There was a wide variation of the prevalence of serological markers among occupations and increased relative risks of HBsAg were found among medical assistants (RR3.7; 95% CI 1.4-9.1) and laboratory staff (RR 3.2; 95% CI 1-8.8), and that of anti-HBs among medical assistants (RR 2.8; 95% CI 1.8-3.7). The variations of HBsAg among occupations by type of institutions was marginal while that of anti-HBs was higher among attendants and midwives in hospitals, medical assistants in health departments, and assistant nurses and dentists in dental centers. The patterns of distribution of serological markers of HBV among health staff reflect the situation in the community with high endemicity and resemble specific occupational factors noted in previous studies in the West.
    Publication year is 1992-1993
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/epidemiology*; Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis*; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood*; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology
  17. Fulltext Immune Persistence After Infant Hepatitis-B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Mahmood S, Shah KU, Khan TM
    Sci Rep, 2018 08 22;8(1):12550.
    PMID: 30135554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30512-8
    A systematic review was performed to estimate the duration of protection of Hepatitis-B vaccine after primary vaccination during infancy. The number of seropositive participants with anti-HBs antibody titer ≥ 10 mIU/ml and seronegative participants who had anti-HBs antibody titer ≤ 10 mIU/ml after booster dose was the main outcome criteria to find out the protection time of Hepatitis-B vaccine. Twelve studies were selected for systematic review. Overall, results from the meta-analysis have revealed that the risk of Anti-HBs Titer ≤ 10 mIU/ml reduced by 50%. Upon performing the sub-group analysis it was revealed that the overall risk of having Anti-HBs Titre ≤ 10 mIU/ml was reduced up to 62% among the subjects age 21-30 years (0.38 [0.34, 0.44]; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.938). Furthermore, it was observed that the risk of having titre level less than 10 mIU/ml for plasma derived vaccines were to be 56% [0.44, CI 0.33-0.57, I2 90.9%, p = <0.001]. Vaccination in early infancy does not ensure protection against Hepatitis-B infection. There is a strong correlation between the duration of protection and time elapsed after primary immunization during infancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/immunology; Hepatitis B/prevention & control*; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood; Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology*
  18. Hepatitis B vaccine
    Wilkinson IE
    Med J Aust, 1992 May 18;156(10):741.
    PMID: 1535682
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B/prevention & control; Hepatitis B virus/immunology*; Viral Hepatitis Vaccines*; Hepatitis B Vaccines
  19. Hepatitis A vaccines
    Shahidah KN
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:112-5.
    PMID: 16108190
    Hepatitis A, an acute usually self limiting infection of the liver is one of the most common vaccine-preventable infectious disease in the world. Effective vaccines which provide long term immunity against hepatitis A have been available since 1992. They are of known good quality, well tolerated with no serious adverse events and have been successfully used to protect different populations from infection as well as interrupt outbreak in closed communities. Mathematical models estimate the long term persistence of antiHAV antibodies to be more than 25 years. Vaccination efforts should be supplemented by health education and improved sanitation. Planning for large scale immunization programmes against hepatitis A should take into consideration epidemiological and cost benefit studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis A/immunology; Hepatitis A/prevention & control*; Hepatitis A Virus, Human/immunology; Hepatitis A Vaccines/adverse effects; Hepatitis A Vaccines/immunology*; Hepatitis A Antibodies
  20. Aetiology of acute hepatitis in Malaysia
    Tan DS, Dimitrakakis M, Zaini Rahman M, Fang R, Collett D, Ooi BG, et al.
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1986 Jun;17(2):205-8.
    PMID: 3024325
    Icteric patients with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver disease, admitted into various hospitals in Malaysia, were investigated to determine the cause of their infection. Of these patients, 11.0% (16/145) were found positive for IgM anti-HAV (EIA), 4.1% (6/145) for IgM anti-HBc (EIA), 1.0% (1/102) for IgM anti-CMV (ELISA), 17.2% (16/64) for rising titres of leptospiral agglutinin, and none for heterophile antibody of EBV. Hepatitis NANB accounted for 67.9% of cases. The mean serum transaminases (ALT and AST) values in patients with hepatitis A and B were higher (more than 500IU) than in patients with leptospirosis or non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas serum bilirubin levels were higher in patients with hepatitis A and leptospirosis than in patients with hepatitis B.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis/enzymology; Hepatitis/etiology*; Hepatitis A/etiology; Hepatitis B/etiology; Hepatitis C/etiology
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