Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 1491 in total

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  1. Fulltext Mycotic Keratitis in a Tertiary Hospital in Northeastern Malaysia
    Chitamparam S, Lim TH, Tai E, Ibrahim M
    Turk J Ophthalmol, 2020 12 29;50(6):332-338.
    PMID: 33389932 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.57609
    Objectives: To identify the clinical profile, etiology, and outcome of culture-positive mycotic keratitis in a tertiary referral centre in the Northeastern part of Malaysia.

    Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with culture-positive mycotic keratitis in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a 3-year period, from January 2015 to December 2017.

    Results: This study included 27 eyes of 27 patients treated for mycotic keratitis based on a positive fungal culture. The most common predisposing factor was ocular trauma, in 22 patients (81.5%). Eleven patients (40.7%) had a presenting visual acuity worse than 6/60, due to central ulcer involvement. Approximately half of these (6 patients) experienced visual improvement post-treatment. Fusarium spp. was the most common fungus isolated (37%), followed by non-sporulating fungi and Curvularia spp. Three patients (7.4%) had corneal microperforations, which healed after gluing and bandage contact lens application. One patient (3.7%) required tectonic penetrating keratoplasty and 1 patient (3.7%) underwent evisceration. The final visual acuity was 6/18 or better in approximately half (14 patients) of our cohort and worse than 3/60 in approximately 20% (5 patients).

    Conclusion: Mycotic keratitis occurred mainly in males and secondary to ocular trauma. The most common organism isolated was Fusarium spp. Although treatment may improve vision, the visual outcome is guarded.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  2. Tuberculosis of the spine-the Sabah experience. Epidemiology, treatment and results
    Dharmalingam M
    Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):24-8.
    PMID: 14670343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2003.08.008
    A retrospective review of 33 patients with tuberculosis of the spine from January 2000 to April 2002 revealed that the mean age was 36.5 and peak incidence is in the second decade of life (27.3%). There were 24 males and 9 females. The majority of the lesions involved the thoracic spine (30.3%), followed by the lumbar spine (27.2%). Skip lesions was seen in 12.1% of cases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal in 9.1% of patients. Neurological involvement was seen in 51.5% of patients. Concomitant tuberculosis of the lung was 66.6%. The radical surgical debridement and grafting rate was 39.3%. The preferred surgical procedure was that of radical anterior debridement and fusion supplemented by anterior or posterior instrumentation if needed. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy remained the mainstay of treatment. Surgery gives faster relief of pain and neurological recovery but is a major undertaking, and thus selection of patients is vital to avoid morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  3. Fulltext A decade of Japanese encephalitis surveillance in Sarawak, Malaysia: 1997-2006
    Wong SC, Ooi MH, Abdullah AR, Wong SY, Krishnan S, Tio PH, et al.
    Trop Med Int Health, 2008 Jan;13(1):52-5.
    PMID: 18291002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01967.x
    Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an important encephalitis virus in Asia, but there are few data on Malaysia. A hospital-based surveillance system for Japanese encephalitis (JE) has been in operation in Sarawak, Malaysia, for the last 10 years. JEV is endemic in Sarawak, with cases occurring throughout the year and a seasonal peak in the last quarter (one-way anova, P < 0.0001). Ninety-two per cent of 133 cases were children aged 12 years or younger; the introduction of JE vaccination in July 2001 reduced the number of JE cases (84 in the four seasons prior to vs. 49 in the six seasons after, McNemar's test, P = 0.0001). After implementation of the programme, the mean age of infected children increased from 6.3 to 8.0 years (Student's t-test, P = 0.0037), suggesting the need for a catch-up programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  4. Review of varicella zoster seroepidemiology in India and Southeast Asia
    Lee BW
    Trop Med Int Health, 1998 Nov;3(11):886-90.
    PMID: 9855401
    Varicella zoster virus (VZV) predominantly affects children in temperate countries, with near-universal seroconversion occurring by late childhood. However, in tropical regions, VZV infection is common in adolescents and adults. This review identifies age-related VZV seroprevalence patterns in a number of Asian countries which indicate that seroconversion in tropical countries occurs at a later age than in temperate countries. Seasonal and regional variations in acute disease within some Asian countries suggest that temperate climates might favour transmission of the varicella virus, with incidence peaking during cooler months and in cooler, more temperate regions. VZV infection is often more severe in adults than in children, suggesting that tropical countries may be at risk of greater morbidity and mortality as a result of later-age seroconversion. Susceptibility of pregnant women and their infants, and of people infected with HIV/AIDS is also cause for concern. Vaccination may be beneficial in reducing the impact of VZV in Asian populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  5. Fulltext Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Citrus Plants for Biological Control of Citrus Canker in Lime Plants
    Daungfu O, Youpensuk S, Lumyong S
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):73-88.
    PMID: 30847034 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.5
    Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of lime (Citrus aurantiifolia). This research investigated endophytic bacteria obtained from six healthy Citrus spp. to inhibit the pathogen and to control citrus canker on lime plants. Numbers of the endophytic bacteria isolated from C. aurantifolia, C. hystrix, C. maxima, C. nobilis, C. reticulata and C. sinensis were 28, 25, 29, 42, 12 and 34 isolates, respectively. The selected endophytic bacteria that were effective against X. citri subsp. citri were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LE109, B. subtilis LE24 and B. tequilensis PO80. The optimum culture medium for an antagonistic effect on the pathogen in B. amyloliquefaciens LE109 and B. tequilensis PO80 was yeast extract peptone dextrose broth, and in B. subtilis LE24 was modified soluble starch broth. To control citrus canker in lime, young expanded leaves of lime plants were aseptically punctured and inoculated with 30 μl of bacterial suspension of the pathogen (108 CFU/ml in 0.85% NaCl) per punctured location. After the pathogenic inoculation for 24 h, the leaves were then inoculated with 30 μl of the selected endophytic bacteria (108 CFU/ml in 0.85% NaCl), and treated with 30 μl of the culture media containing bioactive compounds produced by the selected endophytic bacteria. The leaves inoculated with cell suspensions of B. amyloliquefaciens LE109 or B. subtilis LE24 could completely control citrus canker. However, the leaves inoculated with B. tequilensis PO80 displayed 10% disease incidence. Additionally, the leaves treated with the crude bioactive compounds of B. amyloliquefaciens LE109 or B. subtilis LE24 could completely control citrus canker. Notably, the leaves treated with the crude bioactive compounds of B. tequilensis PO80 displayed 5% disease incidence. The results of this study showed that the Bacillus strains play important roles in the biocontrol of citrus canker in lime.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  6. Fulltext Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Lymnaea acuminata at Different Wavelengths of Visible Light
    Chaturvedi D, Singh VK
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2016 Aug;27(2):25-36.
    PMID: 27688849 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.3
    Fasciolosis is a water and food-borne disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This disease is widespread in different parts of the world. Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae snails are the intermediate hosts of these flukes. Snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematodes. Chlorophyll can be extracted from any green plant. Chlorophyllin was prepared from spinach in 100% ethanol by using different types of chemicals. The chlorophyll obtained from spinach was transformed into water-soluble chlorophyllin. In the present paper, toxicity of chlorophyllin against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. The toxicity of extracted and pure chlorophyllin at continuous 4 h exposure of sunlight was highest with lethal concentration (LC50) of 331.01 mg/L and 2.60 mg/L, respectively, than discontinuous exposure of sunlight up to 8 h with LC50 of 357.04 mg/L and 4.94 mg/L, respectively. Toxicity of extracted chlorophyllin was noted in the presence of different monochromatic visible lights. The highest toxicity was noted in yellow light (96 h, LC50 392.77 mg/L) and the lowest in green light (96 h, LC50 833.02 mg/L). Chlorophyllin in combination with solar radiation or different wavelength of monochromatic visible lights may become a latent remedy against the snail L. acuminata. It was demonstrated that chlorophyllin was more toxic in sunlight. Chlorophyllin is ecologically safe and more economical than synthetic molluscicides which have the potential to control the incidence of fasciolosis in developing countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  7. Prevalence of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn) in Peninsular Malaysia Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani
    Din HM, Rashed O, Ahmad K
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Oct;31(3):29-45.
    PMID: 33214854 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.3
    Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most problematic and destructive disease in cucumber production. The causative agents are Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. These pathogens are soil borne and transmitted through infested soil and water. A field survey was conducted to study the disease prevalence in the major growing areas of cucumber in Peninsular Malaysia. Field study revealed that the disease was highly prevalence in the field with the disease incidence was in the range of 10%-60%. The morphological properties of F. oxysporum are microconidia (3.8-15.7 μm × 2.9-4.9 μm), macroconidia (14.8-38.5 μm × 2.4-5.7 μm) and number of septate was 1-4. While for F. solani are microconidia (3.39-14.63 μm × 2.36-4.44 μm), macroconidia (7.22-50.46 μm × 2.43-6.14 μm) and number of septate was 1-5. Based on molecular identification had confirmed that the disease is caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani with similarity index of 99%-100% based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences. The pathogenicity test showed that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt disease was firstly appeared as yellowing of old leaves. Progressively, the infected plant will be wilted and finally died. The outputs of this study are highly important to establish an effective disease management programme to reduce disease prevalence and yield loss in the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  8. Fulltext Assessing the Immunomodulatory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sambucus javanica Berries and Leaves in Chloramphenicol-Induced Aplastic Anemia Mouse Model
    Putra WE, Rifa'i M
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Jul;31(2):175-185.
    PMID: 32922674 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.9
    Aplastic anemia, life-threatened disease, is a hematologic disorder characterised by bone marrow hypoplasia. Multiple modalities such as bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppression treatment have been proposed to ameliorate this entity, however it remains ineffective. Sambucus, a group of herb plants, possesses a broad spectrum of medicinal properties such as antioxidant, insulin-like activity, anticancer and antiviral. However, the study about its activity toward aplastic anemia incidence is based on limited data. Thus, the research aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory activities of Sambucus javanica in chloramphenicol-induced anemia aplastic mouse model. In this present study, BALB/c mice were administrated with chloramphenicol (CMP) to induce aplastic anemia then followed by S. javanica extracts treatment. Additionally, cellular and molecular aspects were evaluated by flow cytometry and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Further analysis showed that S. javanica extracts could promote the population number of regulatory T-cells and naive cytotoxic T-cells. Moreover, those extract also reduced the inflammation and necrotic incidence in CMP-induced mouse aplastic anemia model. Together, these results suggest that S. javanica has therapeutically effect to aplastic anemia by altering the immune system as an immunomodulatory agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  9. Adjuvant treatment in colorectal cancer. Experience from a referral center in eastern peninsular Malaysia
    Biswal BM, Sain AH, Othman NH, Baba A
    Trop Gastroenterol, 2002 Jul-Sep;23(3):134-7.
    PMID: 12693156
    Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the West, but in Asia the incidence is low. However in Malaysia, colorectal cancer is increasing with a reported figure of 15% of all cancer cases. Adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy are now more frequently used in such patients. The present retrospective analysis was performed to document the effect of such therapy among patients with colorectal cancer in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  10. Intrahepatic biliary lithiasis
    Noda A
    Trop Gastroenterol, 1991 Jan-Mar;12(1):3-14.
    PMID: 2058008
    It has been known that intrahepatic biliary lithiasis (IHBL) is prevalent in East Asia including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. In contrast, the entity has drawn little attention in Europe and the United States where only scattered reports appear. IHBL can be placed in the category of the benign disease. Its distinctive clinical picture is an intractable course necessitating multiple surgical interventions because recurrence is usual, rather than exceptional. This is in distinct contrast to ordinal stones which originate in the gallbladder. Patients with IHBL do not rarely die of progressive hepatic damage resulting from longstanding obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, liver abscess, septicemia, and so forth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  11. Fulltext The role of worm infestation in allergic rhinitis
    Manuel AM, Kuljit S, Gopalakrishnan G, Suresh KG, Balraj P
    Trop Biomed, 2012 Sep;29(3):360-5.
    PMID: 23018498 MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study is to determine the relevance of the hygiene hypothesis; that is to determine if worm infestation has a protective role against the development of allergic rhinitis. A prospective case controlled study was conducted. Specific IgG levels to Toxocara were studied in 85 patients confirmed to have allergic rhinitis and were compared to levels in another 85 controls, with no form of allergy. The IgG assay was done using ELISA technique. There was a higher incidence of positive specific IgG to Toxocara in the controls as compared to allergic patients. The values were statistically significant [Chi square test (p=0.002)]. This negative association between worm infestation and allergic rhinitis suggests that a previous worm infestation could protect against the development of allergic rhinitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  12. Fulltext Public health and clinical importance of amoebiasis in Malaysia: a review
    Tengku SA, Norhayati M
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):194-222.
    PMID: 22041740 MyJurnal
    Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amoebiasis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is responsible for up to 100,000 deaths worldwide each year. Entamoeba dispar, morphologically indistinguishable from E. histolytica is more common in humans in many parts of the world. Similarly Entamoeba moshkovskii, which was long considered to be a free-living amoeba is also morphologically identical to E. histolytica and E. dispar, and is highly prevalent in some E. histolytica endemic countries. Humans are the host of infection and there would not appear to be other meaningful animal reservoirs of E. histolytica. Entamoeba. histolytica can be present in sewage and contaminated water. The infection is mainly transmitted via ingestion of water or food contaminated by faeces containing E. histolytica cysts. Clinical features of amoebiasis range from asymptomatic colonization to amoebic dysentery and invasive extraintestinal amoebiasis, which is manifested most commonly in the form of abscesses in liver and lungs. The epidemiology of amoebiasis has dramatically changed since the separation of E. histolytica and E. dispar species and the worldwide prevalence of these species has not been estimated until recently. Morever, E. moshkovskii, another morphologically indistinguishable human parasitic Entamoeba was not mentioned or considered as a contributor to the prevalence figures in endemic areas. Amoebiasis is still a major health problem especially in aboriginal settlements and amongst people living in remote area in Malaysia. However, until now there is only one data currently available to indicate the true prevalence and incidence of E. histolytica and E. dispar. Further studies are needed to determine the burden of E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii infections in Malaysia. In the present review, we briefly summarize all methods use in diagnosing Entamoeba species, ranging from microscopic identification to molecular detection such as culture and isoenzyme analysis, antibody detection tests, antigen detection tests, immunochromatographic assays, conventional PCR, real-time PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  13. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with oesophageal stenosis
    Ylmaz Ö, Temur A, Almal N, Dülger AC, Sasmaz MI
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1148-1153.
    PMID: 33601862
    Oesophageal strictures often occur following esophagectomy which is performed for cases of oesophageal cancer. These patients require repeated dilation procedures. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary regimens, which are changed because of stenosis, caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In this retrospective study, 28 patients who had operation for oesophageal cancer and underwent dilation due to development of stricture were studied. 30 female and 30 male patients who were admitted to the Gastroenterology Clinic with complaints of dyspepsia and did not receive treatment for the eradication of H. pylori were randomly selected and included in this study as a control group. Patients' histopathological records on the hemogram, biochemistry, and endoscopic biopsy were analysed. There were 26 H. pylori (+) cases (92.8 %) in the stenosis group consisting of 28 patients, and 37 H. pylori (+) cases (61.6%) in the control group consisting of 60 patients. These results were found to be statistically significant (P=0.003). The albumin level in the stenosis group was reported to be statistically low (P=0.002). The incidence of H. pylori was found to be significantly higher in patients with stenosis. We ascribed this outcome due to changes in dietary regimens. Our findings showed that the dietary regimens of all patients who underwent esophagectomy should be regulated during the postoperative period considering H. pylori. The relationship between H. pylori and stenosis was significant, there is a need for further research with a larger sample size to enrich the findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  14. Genetic diversity, antifungal susceptibility and enzymatic characterisation of Malaysian clinical isolates of Candida glabrata
    Lotfalikhani A, Khosravi Y, Sabet NS, Na SL, Ng KP, Tay ST
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1123-1130.
    PMID: 33601859
    Candida glabrata has been reported as the second or third most common yeast species isolated from patients with vaginitis and invasive candidiasis. This study was aimed to determine the genetic diversity, antifungal susceptibility and enzymatic profiles of C. glabrata isolated from vaginal and blood samples in the Medical Microbiology Diagnostic Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre. A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis method, using M13 and (GTG)5 primers, was used for strain differentiation of C. glabrata isolates. Antifungal susceptibility testing of C. glabrata isolates was determined using E-test against amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole and microbroth dilution method against clotrimazole. The enzymic profiles of C. glabrata were determined using APIZYM semi-quantitation kit and egg-yolk agar method. A total of 14 RAPD patterns were identified amongst C. glabrata isolates investigated this study. Susceptibility to amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole and voriconazole was noted. Approximately one third of the isolates demonstrated resistance to clotrimazole (MIC>=1 µg/ml). A single isolate of C. glabrata was resistant to caspofungin (MIC:1.5 µg/ml). Enzymatic activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidases, esterase and lipase and phospholipase were detected in the C. glabrata isolates. The genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles of C. glabrata isolates were presented in this study. Continued surveillance and monitoring of the incidence and antifungal resistance in C. glabrata isolates is necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  15. Dengue, an emerging arboviral infection in Assam, northeast India
    Dev V, Mahanta N, Baruah BK
    Trop Biomed, 2015 Dec 01;32(4):796-799.
    PMID: 33557473
    Dengue is emerging as major public health concern in northeast India and spreading with increased morbidity. Most cases were recorded in Guwahati metropolitan city of the state of Assam during post-monsoon months (September- December). These comprised all age groups of both sexes with significantly higher incidence of cases in adult males aged 26- 60 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  16. Oral histoplasmosis in Malaysia: A retrospective analysis of cases reported in Stomatology Unit, Institute for Medical Research during 1995-2016
    Noratikah AH, Ajura AJ, Lau SH
    Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):1041-1048.
    PMID: 33601851
    Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by inhalation of Histoplasma capsulatum, which is mainly found in bird and bat droppings. Oral manifestation of histoplasmosis may be the only initial manifestation of the disease or associated with chronic disseminated histoplasmosis. The first review of oral histoplasmosis among Malaysian population from 1967 to 1994 (27 years) revealed the occurrence of 37 cases, reported by Ng and Siar in 1996. This current study is the updated overview of oral histoplasmosis cases in Malaysia. The objective of the study was to review and describe clinical and demographic profile of oral histoplasmosis in Malaysia and to correlate histopathological features of oral histoplasmosis with patient's immunity status. We reviewed oral histoplasmosis cases diagnosed in Stomatology Unit, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Kuala Lumpur from 1995 until 2016. The data was retrieved from the Oral Pathology Information system (OPIS) Stomatology Unit, IMR, which is the largest oral pathology database in Malaysia. Information regarding patients' sociodemographic data, medical illness, clinical presentation, histopathological features, and referring healthcare institutions was extracted from the clinical information which accompanied the biopsy request form. A total of 39 cases of oral histoplasmosis were identified from 1995-2016. Majority of them were male (89.7%). The age ranges from 29 to 85 years with mean age of 57.8 years. Almost half of them were Malays (51.3%), followed by Chinese (33.3%), Indians (7.7%), and other races (7.7%). The most common sites of oral histoplasmosis were tongue, gingiva, palate, and alveolar ridge. The main clinical presentation was ulcer (61.5%) whereas 38.5% presented clinically as swelling. 17.9% of patients were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 12.8% had tuberculosis, 10.3% had diabetes mellitus, and 2.6% with hepatitis C. The incidence of oral histoplasmosis should raise suspicion of hidden immunodepression and may be the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Early recognition and diagnosis is crucial to reduce risk of morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  17. Diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection in Baja California Sur, Mexico
    Moreno-Legorreta M, Tozar-Zamora I, Serrano-Pinto V
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):722-729.
    PMID: 33612785 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.722
    Chikungunya virus infection had not been reported by the National Secretary of Health of the State of Baja California Sur, Mexico before 2015, and until now, no information of the disease has been published. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the tendency that the disease has shown since its introduction. The total number of cases in the state was analyzed, and the incidence rate of infection was evaluated in the general population, age groups, and gender. From 2015-2019, the year with the highest number of reported cases was 2016 with 210 cases, but no cases were reported from 2018-2019. The gender with the highest number of cases was female. The most affected age group was adults 45-64 years of age.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  18. Discovery of small molecule inhibitors against the NS3/4A serine protease of Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 via highthroughput virtual screening and in vitro evaluations
    Sakhor W, Teoh TC, Yusof R, Lim SK, Razif MFM
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):609-625.
    PMID: 33612776 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.609
    The hepatitis C virus (HCV) consists of eight genotypes and 90 subtypes, with genotype (GT) 3 being the second most common globally and is linked to higher incidences of steatosis and rapid development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. The NS3/4A serine protease, a heterodimer complex of two HCV non-structural proteins, is an effective target for pharmaceutical intervention due to its essential roles in processing HCV polyproteins and inhibiting innate immunity. This study combines structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) of predefined compound libraries, pharmacokinetic prediction (ADME/T) and in vitro evaluation to identify potential low molecular weight (<500 Dalton) inhibitors of the NS3/4A serine protease (GT3). In silico screening of ZINC and PubChem libraries yielded five selected compounds as potential candidates. Dose-dependent inhibition of the NS3/4A serine protease and HCV replication in HuH-7.5 cells revealed that compound A (PubChem ID No. 16672637) exhibited inhibition towards HCV GT3 with an IC50 of 106.7µM and EC50 of 25.8µM, respectively. Thus, compound A may be developed as a potent, low molecular weight drug against the HCV NS3/4A serine protease of GT3.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  19. Three cases of human Sarcocystis infection with a review of human muscular sarcocystosis in Malaysia
    Pathmanathan R, Kan SP
    Trop Geogr Med, 1992 Jan;44(1-2):102-8.
    PMID: 1496700
    Three cases of muscular sarcocystosis from West Malaysia are reported. The morphological features of the parasites from these three cases are similar to the eight cases previously reported from this country. A review of this total of eleven cases of muscular sarcocystosis showed that they were all incidental findings, where man acted as intermediate hosts of as yet unknown Sarcocystis spp. These cases of muscular sarcocystosis were probably zoonotic in origin and associated with close contact with definitive hosts (both domestic and wild animals) thus permitting the contamination of food and drink with sporocysts shed by these definitive hosts. These infections were probably acquired locally as most of the subjects were born in Malaysia and none had ever left the country to stay elsewhere. Eight of the eleven cases reported were associated with malignancies, especially of the tongue and nasopharynx.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  20. Fulltext Measuring the effectiveness of integrated vector management with targeted outdoor residual spraying and autodissemination devices on the incidence of dengue in urban Malaysia in the iDEM trial (intervention for Dengue Epidemiology in Malaysia): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
    Saadatian-Elahi M, Alexander N, Möhlmann T, Langlois-Jacques C, Suer R, Ahmad NW, et al.
    Trials, 2021 May 30;22(1):374.
    PMID: 34053466 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05298-2
    BACKGROUND: In common with many South East Asian countries, Malaysia is endemic for dengue. Dengue control in Malaysia is currently based on reactive vector management within 24 h of a dengue case being reported. Preventive rather than reactive vector control approaches, with combined interventions, are expected to improve the cost-effectiveness of dengue control programs. The principal objective of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to quantify the effectiveness of a preventive integrated vector management (IVM) strategy on the incidence of dengue as compared to routine vector control efforts.

    METHODS: The trial is conducted in randomly allocated clusters of low- and medium-cost housing located in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The IVM approach combines: targeted outdoor residual spraying with K-Othrine Polyzone, deployment of mosquito traps as auto-dissemination devices, and community engagement activities. The trial includes 300 clusters randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio. The clusters receive either the preventive IVM in addition to the routine vector control activities or the routine vector control activities only. Epidemiological data from monthly confirmed dengue cases during the study period will be obtained from the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Malaysian Ministry of Health e-Dengue surveillance system. Entomological surveillance data will be collected in 12 clusters randomly selected from each arm. To measure the effectiveness of the IVM approach on dengue incidence, a negative binomial regression model will be used to compare the incidence between control and intervention clusters. To quantify the effect of the interventions on the main entomological outcome, ovitrap index, a modified ordinary least squares regression model using a robust standard error estimator will be used.

    DISCUSSION: Considering the ongoing expansion of dengue burden in Malaysia, setting up proactive control strategies is critical. Despite some limitations of the trial such as the use of passive surveillance to identify cases, the results will be informative for a better understanding of effectiveness of proactive IVM approach in the control of dengue. Evidence from this trial may help justify investment in preventive IVM approaches as preferred to reactive case management strategies.

    TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN ISRCTN81915073 . Retrospectively registered on 17 April 2020.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
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