Ergonomic is important in classroom. Sitting for protracted period in class may lead students to develop musculoskeletal disorders. Their physical health and performance in the class may increase by designing school furniture that match with human body. In Malaysia, there is a lack of ergonomic assessment for school environment especially in urban areas. The aim of this study is to determine the mismatch between the furniture dimension and anthropometric parameters among primary school children in Putrajaya. This is a cross-sectional study which involved 100, Year 1 and Year 6 primary school students randomly selected in Putrajaya. Five anthropometric measurements (popliteal height, buttock popliteal length, elbow height, shoulder height (sitting), hip breadth) as well as five furniture dimensions (seat height, seat depth, seat width, backrest height and seat to desk height) were measured. Instrument used is Martin type anthropometer set, SECA body meter, and SECA weighing scale. Calculation for determining mismatch between the furniture and anthropometric measures were calculated using a standard mismatch formula. There was 100% mismatch for seat height, seat depth, and seat to seat to desk height for Year 1. As for Year 6, mismatch was reported 100% for backrest height and seat to desk height. There were significance difference for parameters of popliteal height between Year 1 and Year 6 and between male and female of Year 1. There was a presence of mismatch between furniture dimension and children anthropometric measurement. Proposed dimension of furniture shows decrease in percentage of mismatch for the most parameter of anthropometric measurement.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
Composting of Palm Oil Mill Sludge (POMS) with sawdust was conducted in natural aerated reactor. Composting using natural aerated reactor is cheap and simple. The goal of this study is to observe the potential of composting process and utilizing compost as media for growing Cymbopogun citratus, one of Malaysia herbal plant. The highest maximum temperature achieved is about 40 degrees C and to increase temperature bed, more biodegradable substrate needs to be added. The pH value decrease along the process with final pH compost is acidic (pH 5.7). The highest maximum organic losses are about 50% with final C/N ratio of the compost is about 19. Final compost also showed some fertilizing value but need to be adjusted to obtain an ideal substrate. Addition of about 70% sandy soil causes highest yield and excellent root development for C. citratus in potted media. Beside that, compost from POMS-sawdust also found to have fertilizer value and easy to handle. Composting of POMS with sawdust shows potential as an alternative treatment to dispose and recycle waste components.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
There are three primary objectives of this work; first: to establish a gas concentration map; second: to estimate the point of emission of the gas; and third: to generate a path from any location to the point of emission for UAVs or UGVs. A mountable array of MOX sensors was developed so that the angles and distances among the sensors, alongside sensors data, were utilized to identify the influx of gas plumes. Gas dispersion experiments under indoor conditions were conducted to train machine learning algorithms to collect data at numerous locations and angles. Taguchi's orthogonal arrays for experiment design were used to identify the gas dispersion locations. For the second objective, the data collected after pre-processing was used to train an off-policy, model-free reinforcement learning agent with a Q-learning policy. After finishing the training from the training data set, Q-learning produces a table called the Q-table. The Q-table contains state-action pairs that generate an autonomous path from any point to the source from the testing dataset. The entire process is carried out in an obstacle-free environment, and the whole scheme is designed to be conducted in three modes: search, track, and localize. The hyperparameter combinations of the RL agent were evaluated through trial-and-error technique and it was found that ε = 0.9, γ = 0.9 and α = 0.9 was the fastest path generating combination that took 1258.88 seconds for training and 6.2 milliseconds for path generation. Out of 31 unseen scenarios, the trained RL agent generated successful paths for all the 31 scenarios, however, the UAV was able to reach successfully on the gas source in 23 scenarios, producing a success rate of 74.19%. The results paved the way for using reinforcement learning techniques to be used as autonomous path generation of unmanned systems alongside the need to explore and improve the accuracy of the reported results as future works.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
Five sea cucumber species including one new species of the genus Stichopus are reported from the shallow coral reefs of Straits of Malacca. The new species Stichopus fusiformiossa has unusual fusiform spicules in the tentacles, which are not found in the other species of the genus. Pseudo-tables and large perforated plates are newly recorded for Stichopus hermanni Semper, 1868 and Stichopus vastus Sluiter, 1887, respectively.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
Identifying courses and determining the number of classesto be opened are among the importantstepsin the early stage of classtimetable preparation. Any mistake that happened during thisstage will not only cause problemsto students but also disrupt other parties. Students will not be able to register courses as a result of an incomplete class timetable, while excess classes will result in lecturers wasting their time in empty classrooms. Further, the situation would also increase stress among lecturers who are also members of the timetable committee as they need to postpone classes to fix the timetable immediately. Based on Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Tansformation Program (TRANS4U), Faculty of Business and Management (FBM), UiTM Cawangan Terengganu have taken the initiative to further examine the issue and recommended the relevant process to be enhanced. Upon analysis of the primary causes of the problem and recommendation by team members, an electronic data managementsystem known as Course Setting and Tracking (CSETT) was developed. CSETT enables students to plan and monitor courses while providing latest information to be used by AcademicAdministrators and otherrelevant parties. With an up-to-date and easily accessed information, class timetable could be prepared accurately and fast. The effectiveness of CSETT was proven when class time table was able to be prepared within seven days compared to 14 days prior to system implementation.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
The data presented in this article were the basis for the study reported in the research articles entitled "Statistical assessment of experimental observation on the slug body length and slug translational velocity in a horizontal pipe" (Al-Kayiem et al., 2017) [1] which presents an experimental investigation of the slug velocity and slug body length for air-water tow phase flow in horizontal pipe. Here, in this article, the experimental set-up and the major instruments used for obtaining the computed data were explained in details. This data will be presented in the form of tables and videos.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
In incomplete contingency tables, some cells may contain structural zeros. The quasi-independence model, which is a generalization of the independence model, is most commonly model used to analyze incomplete contingency tables. Goodness of fit tests of the quasi-independence model are usually based on Pearson chi square test statistic and likelihood ratio test statistic. In power divergence statistics family, the selection of power divergence parameter is of interest in multivariate discrete data. In this study, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the power divergence statistics under quasi independence model for particular power divergence parameters in terms of power values.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings
Some numerical methods for solving diffusion-convection equations in two dimensional space are formulated. Iterative scheme for each method is studied and numerical test to model problem is conducted. Comparison of methods is given in table form.
Beberapa kaedah berangka bagi menyelesaikan persamaan resapan-olakan dalam ruang dua dimensi telah dirumuskan. Skema lelaran untuk setiap satunya dikaji dan pengujian berangka kepada masalah model dilakukan. Perbandingan antara kaedah telah diberikan secara berjadual.
Matched MeSH terms: Interior Design and Furnishings