Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 340 in total

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  1. Abd Karim SH, Wan Zain WZ, Mohd Hashim MN, Zakaria AD, Hayati F, Ng CY
    Radiol Case Rep, 2021 May;16(5):1061-1064.
    PMID: 33680277 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.02.030
    Empyema thoracis (ET) is defined as pus in the pleural space, either localized or involving the entire pleural cavity, due to diverse etiologies. In severe form, it may infiltrate the extrapulmonary region. Clinical guideline describes 3 stages of parapneumonic effusion before developing into an ET, namely the exudative stage, the fibrinopurulent stage, and the organizing/late stage. We highlight a 59-year-old gentleman who presented a back swelling masquerading as a deep-seated abscess, in which the diagnosis of ET had not been established early. The principles of treatment are treating the underlying condition such as pneumonia, pleural drainage and debridement, full re-expansion of the collapsed lung by performing chest physiotherapy, and improving nutrition. ET is a condition with a dynamic process due to diverse etiologies, either localized or involving the entire pleural cavity. The gold standard in diagnosing ET is the pleural aspiration of fluid from the pleural space, whereas the management of ET may include non-surgical and/or surgical treatments based on the basic principles of ET treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  2. Semail NF, Noordin SS, Keyon ASA, Waras MN, Saad B, Kamaruzaman S, et al.
    Biomed Chromatogr, 2021 May;35(5):e5050.
    PMID: 33314228 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5050
    A simple and sensitive preconcentration strategy using sequential electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection modes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detection was developed and applied for the separation and determination of anticancer agent, 5-fluorouracil and its metabolite, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, in human plasma. Sequential injection modes with increased analyte loading capacity using the anionic pseudo-stationary phase facilitated collection of the dispersed neutral and charged analytes into narrow zones and improved sensitivity. Several important parameters affecting sample enrichment performance were evaluated and optimized in this study. Under the optimized experimental conditions, 614- and 643-fold and 782- and 803-fold sensitivity improvement were obtained for 5-fluorouracil and its metabolite when compared with normal hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection, respectively. The method has good linearity (1-1,000 ng/ml) with acceptable coefficient of determination (r2  > 0.993), low limits of detection (0.11-0.14 ng/ml) and satisfactory analyte relative recovery (97.4-99.7%) with relative standard deviations of 4.6-9.3% (n = 6). Validation results as well as the application to analysis of human plasma samples from cancer patients demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method to clinical studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  3. Lee CL, Huang KG, Chua PT, Mendoza MCVR, Lee PS, Lai SY
    Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2021 May;60(3):463-467.
    PMID: 33966729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.03.013
    OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive radical hysterectomy has been shown to be associated with poorer outcome in an influential prospective, randomized trial. However, many centers worldwide performing minimally invasive radical hysterectomy have data and experience that prove otherwise. We aim to review surgical and oncologic outcomes of patients operated by Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy in a tertiary hospital, by experienced surgeons and standardization in radicality, for cervical carcinoma Stage 1A1-1B1 from January 2009 to May 2014.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: Standardised surgical technique with Parametrium & Paracolpium resection approach was adopted by qualified and experienced Gynecologic/Gyne-Oncologic Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgeons in performing Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer stage 1A1-1B1 from January 2009-May 2014, involving 53 patients. Electronic Medical Record system (EMR) Of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital(Tertiary Referral Centre), Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology was accessed for surgical and oncologic outcomes.

    RESULTS: Fifty-Three patients operated from January 2009 to May 2014 were followed up for an average of 96.7 months with longest follow-up at 127 months. There were no cases of recurrence or death reported. 5 Year - Survival Rate and 5 Year Disease-Free Survival Rate were 100%. Two patients received post-operative pelvic radiation concurrent with chemotherapy using Cisplatin due to greater than 1/3 cervical stromal invasion.

    CONCLUSION: It is vital to standardize minimally invasive surgical techniques for early stage cervical cancer, with focus on adequate radicality and resection which may contribute to excellent survival outcomes. Further international multi-center randomized trial (Minimally Invasive Therapy Versus Open Radical Hysterectomy In Cervical Cancer) will provide justification for continued practice of MIS in early stage cervical cancer.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  4. Mohd Yusop AY, Xiao L, Fu S
    Drug Test Anal, 2021 May;13(5):965-976.
    PMID: 32441056 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2861
    The lucrative market of herbal remedies spurs rampant adulteration, particularly with pharmaceutical drugs and their unapproved analogues. A comprehensive screening strategy is, therefore, warranted to detect these adulterants and, accordingly, to safeguard public health. This study uses the data-dependent acquisition of liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) to screen phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in herbal remedies using suspected-target and non-targeted strategies. For the suspected-target screening, we used a library comprising 95 PDE5 inhibitors. For the non-targeted screening, we adopted top-down and bottom-up approaches to flag novel PDE5 inhibitor analogues based on common fragmentation patterns. LC-QTOF-MS was optimised and validated for capsule and tablet dosage forms using 23 target analytes, selected to represent different groups of PDE5 inhibitors. The method exhibited excellent specificity and linearity with limit of detection and limit of quantification of <40 and 80 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy ranged from 79.0% to 124.7% with a precision of <14.9% relative standard deviation. The modified, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction provided insignificant matrix effect within -9.1%-8.0% and satisfactory extraction recovery of 71.5%-105.8%. These strategies were used to screen 52 herbal remedy samples that claimed to enhance male sexual performance. The suspected-target screening resulted in 33 positive samples, revealing 10 target analytes and 2 suspected analytes. Systematic MS and tandem MS interrogations using the non-targeted screening returned insignificant signals, indicating the absence of potentially novel analogues. The target analytes were quantified from 0.03 to 121.31 mg per dose of each sample. The proposed strategies ensure that all PDE5 inhibitors are comprehensively screened, providing a useful tool to curb the widespread adulteration of herbal remedies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  5. Rownose CS, Mohamad Saupi MS, Sharif SZ, Lah NASN
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021 May;65:102322.
    PMID: 33996055 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102322
    Introduction: Ductal Eccrine carcinoma (DEC) is a rare primary cutaneous tumor that exhibits both squamous and adnexal ductal differentiation. Due to its rarity in clinical practice we present as case of DEC and a literature review on the latest management of this rare disease.

    Case presentation: We report a case 41 years old female presented with lesion on the scalp and sternal mass, increasing in size with itchiness and erythematous for 6 months duration. Further CECT scan of brain and neck shows features of malignant left frontal scalp lesion with poor plane with overlying skin and underlying skull bone and CECT of thorax shows a large, irregular heterogeneously enhancing mass with necrotic center noted at right hilar within superior segment of right lower lobe, encasing right middle and lower lobe bronchi. Wedge biopsy of scalp lesion showed an intradermal lesion extensively infiltrating by malignant gland accompanied by desmoplasia and the tumor cells are seen extending into the surgical margins suggestive of ductal eccrine carcinoma.Clinical Discussion:This case highlights the importance and challenges in achieving early diagnosis coupled with the scarcity of information on these leads to difficulty in managing this patient.

    Conclusion: In managing Ductal Eccrine Carcinoma tumor, standard method of treatment for has not been established. However, wide surgical excision is the treatment of choice for localized lesions. Regarding prognosis, there is conflicting data published which we describe in this article.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  6. Tawfik EA, Cartwright MS, Grimm A, Boon AJ, Kerasnoudis A, Preston DC, et al.
    Muscle Nerve, 2021 05;63(5):651-656.
    PMID: 33382094 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27163
    Neuromuscular ultrasound is a rapidly evolving specialty with direct application for patient care. Competency assessment is an essential standard needed to ensure quality for practitioners, particularly for those newly acquiring skills with the technique. Our aim was to survey experts' opinions regarding physician competency assessment of neuromuscular ultrasound and to identify minimal competency of knowledge and skills. The opinions of 18 experts were obtained through the Delphi method using two consecutive electronic surveys. A high degree of consensus was achieved on items regarding framework and the conduct of neuromuscular ultrasound assessment and the knowledge and skills that a candidate needs to attain minimal competency in neuromuscular ultrasound. In this study, a group of neuromuscular ultrasound experts developed a general framework for neuromuscular ultrasound competency assessment and recommended testable areas of knowledge and skills suitable for establishing minimal competency.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  7. Yang FC, Huang W, Yang W, Liu J, Ai G, Luo N, et al.
    Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther, 2021 04 30;10(2):75-83.
    PMID: 34040965 DOI: 10.4103/GMIT.GMIT_81_20
    Cervical cancer surgery has a history of more than 100-years whereby it has transitioned from the open approach to minimally invasive surgery (MIS). From the era of clinical exploration and practice, minimally invasive gynecologic surgeons have never ceased to explore new frontiers in the field of gynecologic surgery. MIS has fewer postoperative complications, including reduction of treatment-related morbidity and length of hospital stay than laparotomy; this forms the mainstay of treatment for early-stage cervical cancer. However, in November 2018, the New England Journal of Medicine had published two clinical studies on cervical cancer surgery (Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer [LACC]). Following these publications, laparoscopic surgery for early-stage cervical cancer has come under intense scrutiny and negative perceptions. Many studies began to explore the concept of standardized surgery for early-stage cervical cancer. In this article, we performed a review of the history of cervical cancer surgery, outlined the standardization of cervical cancer surgery, and analyzed the current state of affairs revolving around cervical cancer surgery in the post-LACC era.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  8. Siddiquee S, Saallah S, Bohari NA, Ringgit G, Roslan J, Naher L, et al.
    Nanomaterials (Basel), 2021 Apr 28;11(5).
    PMID: 33924923 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051142
    The present study reported a facile method for the determination of melamine in milk powder products based on the aggregation of reactant-free 5 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The strong electrostatic attraction between the positively charged exocyclic amine groups present in the melamine molecule and the negatively charged ions bound to the AuNPs induced aggregation of the AuNPs, resulting in visible color changes that could be seen with the naked eye and monitored by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance spectra. The method shows high sensitivity with detection limits of 1 × 10-9 M for visual detection and 1 × 10-11 M for UV-Vis analysis, which is far below the safety limit of melamine ingestion in infant formula (1 ppm = 7.9 × 10-6 M) and the detection limit acquired by most AuNP-based melamine detection methods. Good recoveries were obtained over the range of 94.7-95.5% with a relative standard deviation of mean recovery (RSD) ranging from 1.40 to 5.81. The method provides a simple, feasible, fast and real-time detection of melamine adulterants in infant formula by the naked eye, without the aid of advanced instruments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  9. Tang YW, Teoh SL, Yeo JHH, Ngim CF, Lai NM, Durrant SJ, et al.
    Behav Sleep Med, 2021 Apr 25.
    PMID: 33896299 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2021.1915787
    Background: Listening to music is often used as a self-help intervention to improve sleep quality, but its efficacy among individuals without sleep disorder remains unclear.Methods: A search was performed on five databases to identify for studies that examined the use of music-based intervention to improve sleep quality among individuals without sleep disorder. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).Results: Twenty-two articles which recruited 1,514 participants were included for review. Meta-analysis of six studies including 424 participants did not find an improvement in sleep quality among recipients of music-based intervention compared to those with standard care (mean difference: -0.80; 95% CI: -2.15 to 0.54, low-quality evidence). Subgroup analysis showed a clear improvement in sleep quality when interventions were administered for at least 3 weeks (-2.09; -3.84 to -0.34, n = 3). No difference in terms of sleep onset latency (standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.32; 95% CI -0.88 to 0.25, n = 4, very-low quality evidence) and sleep efficiency (SMD: -0.59; 95% CI -3.15 to 1.97, n = 2, very-low quality evidence) were observed. The effect of music-based intervention on anxiety, depression and quality of life were mixed with suggestions of possible benefits.Conclusion: Music-based intervention in addition to standard care appears to be a promising strategy to improve sleep quality when delivered for 3 week or longer. However, effects are inconsistent across studies and larger randomized controlled studies reporting long-term outcomes are needed before it can be recommended for routine use.PROSPERO registration: CRD42018081193.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  10. Kew GS, Soh AYS, Lee YY, Gotoda T, Li YQ, Zhang Y, et al.
    World J Gastrointest Oncol, 2021 Apr 15;13(4):279-294.
    PMID: 33889279 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i4.279
    BACKGROUND: Major societies provide differing guidance on management of Barrett's esophagus (BE), making standardization challenging.

    AIM: To evaluate the preferred diagnosis and management practices of BE among Asian endoscopists.

    METHODS: Endoscopists from across Asia were invited to participate in an online questionnaire comprising eleven questions regarding diagnosis, surveillance and management of BE.

    RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-nine of 1016 (56.0%) respondents completed the survey, with most respondents from Japan (n = 310, 54.5%) and China (n = 129, 22.7%). Overall, the preferred endoscopic landmark of the esophagogastric junction was squamo-columnar junction (42.0%). Distal palisade vessels was preferred in Japan (59.0% vs 10.0%, P < 0.001) while outside Japan, squamo-columnar junction was preferred (59.5% vs 27.4%, P < 0.001). Only 16.3% of respondents used Prague C and M criteria all the time. It was never used by 46.1% of Japanese, whereas 84.2% outside Japan, endoscopists used it to varying extents (P < 0.001). Most Asian endoscopists (70.8%) would survey long-segment BE without dysplasia every two years. Adherence to Seattle protocol was poor with only 6.3% always performing it. 73.2% of Japanese never did it, compared to 19.3% outside Japan (P < 0.001). The most preferred (74.0%) treatment of non-dysplastic BE was proton pump inhibitor only when the patient was symptomatic or had esophagitis. For BE with low-grade dysplasia, 6-monthly surveillance was preferred in 61.9% within Japan vs 47.9% outside Japan (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSION: Diagnosis and management of BE varied within Asia, with stark contrast between Japan and outside Japan. Most Asian endoscopists chose squamo-columnar junction to be the landmark for esophagogastric junction, which is incorrect. Most also did not consistently use Prague criteria, and Seattle protocol. Lack of standardization, education and research are possible reasons.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  11. Safitri E, Humaira H, Murniana M, Nazaruddin N, Iqhrammullah M, Md Sani ND, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Apr 14;13(8).
    PMID: 33919956 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081276
    A simple optical pH sensor based on immobilization, Dioscorea alata L. anthocyanin methanol extract, onto a pectin-chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (pectin-chitosan PEC), has been successfully fabricated. The optical pH sensor was manufactured as a membrane made of pectin-chitosan PEC and the extracted anthocyanin. This sensor has the highest sensitivity of anthocyanin content at 0.025 mg/L in phosphate buffer and 0.0375 mg/L in citrate buffer. It also has good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (%RSD) of 7.7%, and gives a stable response at time values greater than 5 min from exposure in a buffer solution, and the sensor can be utilized within five days from its synthesis. This optical pH sensor has been employed to determine saliva pH of people of different ages and showed no significant difference when compared to a potentiometric method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  12. Sowtali SN, Ariffin SRM, Nazli NS, Shukri NABM, Khattak MMAK, Ab Rashid IM, et al.
    J Public Health Res, 2021 Apr 14;10(2).
    PMID: 33855421 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2238
    BACKGROUND: To date, no studies have been published at evaluating the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of dietary, particularly regarding to urolithiasis in patients or the general population. This study aims to provide basic information on the level of knowledge, awareness and dietary practice among general population in Kuantan, Pahang.

    DESIGN AND METHODS: The respondents (n=30) were conveniently recruited within 10 kilometres radius of Kuantan city. The data were obtained using semi-guided administered questionnaires, which consists of four parts: socio-demographic data, lifestyle and clinical history (Part A); attitude and awareness on dietary practice regarding urolithiasis (Part B); food frequency questionnaire on urolithiasis (Part C) and level of knowledge on urolithiasis (Part D).

    RESULTS: Majority of the respondents were women (70%), Malay (83.3%), mean age of 33.97 (±9.27), married (63.3%), completed higher education level (60%), working with government sector (33.3%) and have fixed monthly income (53.3%). Some of them had hypertension (n=4), diabetes (n=1), gout (n=1) and intestinal problem (n=1). Majority (80%) claimed having no family history of urolithiasis, consumed alcohol (10%), exercise with average frequency 2-3 times/week (46.7%) and heard about urolithiasis from healthcare worker (46.7%). The respondents' awareness about urolithiasis is considered to be good [81.23 (±9.98)] but having poor knowledge score [2.70 (±1.149)]. Majority preferred wholemeal bread, white rice, chicken meat, mackerel fish, chicken egg, apple, carrot, mustard leave and fresh milk in daily intake. Lesser plain water intake than standard requirement was noticed among respondents. Seasoning powder was commonly used for seasoning.

    CONCLUSIONS: Generally, the general population of Kuantan, Pahang was aware of urolithiasis disease but needed more information on dietary aspect in terms of knowledge and food choice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  13. Kumar A, Jain A, Sayyed MI, Laariedh F, Mahmoud KA, Nebhen J, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 Apr 08;11(1):7784.
    PMID: 33833308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87256-1
    Nuclear radiation shielding capabilities for a glass series 20Bi2O3 - xPbO - (80 - 2x)B2O3 - xGeO2 (where x = 5, 10, 20, and 30 mol%) have been investigated using the Phy-X/PSD software and Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code. The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) of selected samples have been estimated through XCOM dependent Phy-X/PSD program and MCNP-5 code in the photon-energy range 0.015-15 MeV. So obtained μm values are used to calculate other γ-ray shielding parameters such as half-value layer (HVL), mean-free-path (MFP), etc. The calculated μm values were found to be 71.20 cm2/g, 76.03 cm2/g, 84.24 cm2/g, and 90.94 cm2/g for four glasses S1 to S4, respectively. The effective atomic number (Zeff)values vary between 69.87 and 17.11 for S1 or 75.66 and 29.11 for S4 over 0.05-15 MeV of photon-energy. Sample S4, which has a larger PbO/GeO2 of 30 mol% in the bismuth-borate glass, possesses the lowest MFP and HVL, providing higher radiation protection efficiency compared to all other combinations. It shows outperformance while compared the calculated parameters (HVL and MFP) with the commercial shielding glasses, different alloys, polymers, standard shielding concretes, and ceramics. Geometric Progression (G-P) was applied for evaluating the energy absorption and exposure buildup factors at energies 0.015-15 MeV with penetration depths up to 40 mfp. The buildup factors showed dependence on the MFP and photon-energy as well. The studied samples' neutron shielding behavior was also evaluated by calculating the fast neutron removal cross-section (ΣR), i.e. found to be 0.139 cm-1 for S1, 0.133 cm-1 for S2, 0.128 cm-1 for S3, and 0.12 cm-1 for S4. The results reveal a great potential for using a glass composite sample S4 in radiation protection applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  14. Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Julian T, Shaikh MF, Piperi C
    Mol Neurobiol, 2021 Apr;58(4):1372-1391.
    PMID: 33175322 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02201-z
    The exact etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains obscure, although many cellular mechanisms including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative damage, excessive neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis are implicated in its pathogenesis. There is still no disease-modifying treatment for PD and the gold standard therapy, chronic use of levodopa is usually accompanied by severe side effects, mainly levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Hence, the elucidation of the precise underlying molecular mechanisms is of paramount importance. Fyn is a tyrosine phospho-transferase of the Src family nonreceptor kinases that is highly implicated in immune regulation, cell proliferation and normal brain development. Accumulating preclinical evidence highlights the emerging role of Fyn in key aspects of PD and LID pathogenesis: it may regulate α-synuclein phosphorylation, oxidative stress-induced dopaminergic neuronal death, enhanced neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity by mediating key signaling pathways, such as BDNF/TrkB, PKCδ, MAPK, AMPK, NF-κB, Nrf2, and NMDAR axes. These findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of Fyn or Fyn-related pathways may represent a novel approach in PD treatment. Saracatinib, a nonselective Fyn inhibitor, has already been tested in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease, and novel selective Fyn inhibitors are under investigation. In this comprehensive review, we discuss recent evidence on the role of Fyn in the pathogenesis of PD and LID and provide insights on additional Fyn-related molecular mechanisms to be explored in PD and LID pathology that could aid in the development of future Fyn-targeted therapeutic approaches.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  15. Zainol Z, Akhir MF, Johari A, Ali A
    Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106866.
    PMID: 33816725 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106866
    This article contains water quality data collected in a shallow and narrow Setiu Lagoon during the southwest monsoon, wet period of northeast monsoon and dry period of northeast monsoon. The surface water quality parameters, which include the temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) were sampled twice per day (high and low tides) at a total of eight stations. Hourly current speed and direction was obtained from mooring of two units of current meters. Compared to the Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard (MWQCS), nutrients in Setiu Lagoon were in Class 2. Although limited, this dataset can provide insights on the changes of water quality condition in Setiu Lagoon under the presence of anthropogenic pressures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  16. Ahmad Hazmi AS, Abd Maurad Z, Mohd Noor MA, Nek Mat Din NSM, Idris Z
    J Sep Sci, 2021 Apr;44(7):1471-1481.
    PMID: 33522105 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000929
    Ethylene glycol is a super commodity chemical and it has vital roles in various applications. Its co-production with other chemicals, such as ethylene carbonate and glycerol carbonate, has promised cheaper production cost. Its quantification presents a challenge as its contaminants, such as ethylene carbonate, produce a signal-reducing effect in flame ionized detector. The aim of this study is to evaluate external standard to quantify the composition of glycol mixture. Measurement system analysis was employed on the external standard method. Reliability of the external standard is statistically significant with low p-values, excellent capability indices, and high F-values. The external standard is found to have remarkable precision and trueness as both capability indices are mirroring each other. Furthermore, the capability analysis has a strong correlation with quality measurement. Based on capability indices, the limit of detection is recommended at S/N = 25 and the limit of quantification is recommended at S/N = 100 for a reliable measurement. A high degree of reliability is achieved coherently as almost all uncertainties of coefficients of variations are less than 5%. The established method was validated and successfully applied to glycol mixture at azeotropic distillation pilot plant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  17. Ibraheem ZO, Farhan SS, Al Sumaidaee A, Al Sufi L, Bashir A, Balwa A, et al.
    Toxicol Res, 2021 Apr;37(2):221-235.
    PMID: 33868979 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00059-w
    Metabolic syndrome is one of the major risk factors that lead to various serious complications like cardiovascular abnormalities, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Its co-incidence with other organs dysfunction results in further deterioration of the condition or precipitation of other dysfunctions. This study aimed at studying the changes in the hepatic functions after the co-incidence of the high fat or fructose diets induced metabolic syndrome along with the gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Briefly, six groups of male Sprague Daley rats (n = 10-12) were fed with different feeding protocols; viz; standard rodent's chow, an experimental high fat or high fructose diets feedings. For each, two groups were allocated that one of them was injected with normal saline and the other with 80 mg/kg/day I.P gentamicin during the last 24 days of the feeding period. The rats were monitored for changes in the metabolic data, glycemic control, lipid profile, renal and hepatic functions, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The study revealed stronger hepatic changes in the renal failure groups fed with the high fat diet rather than that in the groups fed with the high fructose diet. Although, the latter experienced a stronger deterioration in the glycemic control. The study suggests that the incidence of the hepatic changes is more linked to the incidence of the deterioration in the lipids profile that was observed after the high fat diet feeding. Overall, the co-incidence of the high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome along with the renal failure constitutes a risk factor for the hepatic dysfunction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  18. Jaafar F, Na-Nakorn U, Srisapoome P, Amornsakun T, Duong TY, Gonzales-Plasus MM, et al.
    Biology (Basel), 2021 Apr 01;10(4).
    PMID: 33915909 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040286
    The king of rivers or mahseer comprises three genera: Tor, Neolissochilus, and Naziritor, under the Cyprinidae family. The Tor genus has been classified as the true mahseer due to the presence of a median lobe among the three genera. The Tor species are widely distributed across Southeast (SE) Asia, and 13 Tor species have been reported previously: Tor ater, Tor dongnaiensis, Tor douronensis, Tor laterivittatus, Tor mosal, Tor mekongensis, Tor putitora, Tor sinensis, Tor soro, Tor tambra, Tor tambroides, Tor tor and Tor yingjiangensis. However, the exact number of valid Tor species remains debatable. Different and unstandardized approaches of applying genetic markers in taxonomic identification and morphology variation within the same species have further widened the gap and ameliorated the instability of Tor species taxonomy. Therefore, synchronized and strategized research among Tor species researchers is urgently required to improve and fill the knowledge gap. This review is a current update of SE Asia's Tor species, outlining their distribution, morphology, and genetic identification. In addition, the present review proposes that there are ten valid Tor species in the SE Asian region. This list will serve as a template and standard to improve the taxonomy of the SE Asian Tor species, which could serve as a basis to open new directions in Tor research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  19. Muthanna FMS, Karuppannan M, Hassan BAR, Mohammed AH
    Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 2021 Apr;12(2):115-125.
    PMID: 33980002 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.09
    Objective: Fatigue is the most frequently reported symptom experienced by cancer patients and has a profound effect on their quality of life (QOL). The study aimed to determine the impact of fatigue on QOL among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to identify the risk factors associated with severe fatigue incidence.

    Methods: This was an observational prospective study carried out at multiple centers. In total, 172 breast cancer patients were included. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Questionnaire was used to measure QOL, while the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) was used to assess the severity of fatigue.

    Results: The total average mean and standard deviation of QOL were 84.58±18.07 and 4.65±1.14 for BFI scores, respectively. A significant association between fatigue and QOL was found in linear and multiple regression analyses. The relationships between fatigue severity and cancer stage, chemotherapy dose delay, dose reduction, chemotherapy regimen, and ethnicity were determined using binary logistic regression analysis.

    Conclusion: The findings of this study are believed to be useful for helping oncologists effectively evaluate, monitor, and treat fatigue related to QOL changes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
  20. Hou ZP, Tang SY, Ji HR, He PY, Li YH, Dong XL, et al.
    Chin J Integr Med, 2021 Apr;27(4):280-285.
    PMID: 31872369 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3209-1
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanistic basis for the attenuation of bone degeneration by edible bird's nest (EBN) in ovariectomized rats.

    METHODS: Forty-two female Sprage-Dawley rats were randomized into 7 groups (6 in each group). The ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX + 6%, 3%, and 1.5% EBN and OVX +estrogen groups were given standard rat chow alone, standard rat chow +6%, 3%, and 1.5% EBN, or standard rat chow +estrogen therapy (0.2mg/kg per day), respectively. The sham-operation group was surgically opened without removing the ovaries. The control group did not have any surgical intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, blood samples were taken for serum estrogen, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin, as well as the measurement of magnesium, calcium abd zinc concentrations. While femurs were removed from the surrounding muscles to measure bone mass density using the X-ray edge detection technique, then collected for histology and estrogen receptor (ER) immunohistochemistry.

    RESULTS: Ovariectomy altered serum estrogen levels resulting in increased food intake and weight gain, while estrogen and EBN supplementation attenuated these changes. Ovariectomy also reduced bone ER expression and density, and the production of osteopcalcin and osteorotegerin, which are important pro-osteoplastic hormones that promote bone mineraliztion and density. Conversely, estrogen and EBN increased serum estrogen levels leading to increased bone ER expression, pro-osteoplastic hormone production and bone density (all P<0.05).

    CONCLUSION: EBN could be used as a safe alternative to hormone replacement therapys for managing menopausal complications like bone degeneration.

    Matched MeSH terms: Reference Standards
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