MyMedR

Fulltext Extant primitively segmented spiders have recently diversified from an ancient lineage

Xu X, Liu F, Cheng RC, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang Z, et al.

Proc Biol Sci, 2015 Jun 07;282(1808):20142486.

PMID: 25948684 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2486

Living fossils are lineages that have retained plesiomorphic traits through long time periods. It is expected that such lineages have both originated and diversified long ago. Such expectations have recently been challenged in some textbook examples of living fossils, notably in extant cycads and coelacanths. Using a phylogenetic approach, we tested the patterns of the origin and diversification of liphistiid spiders, a clade of spiders considered to be living fossils due to their retention of arachnid plesiomorphies and their exclusive grouping in Mesothelae, an ancient clade sister to all modern spiders. Facilitated by original sampling throughout their Asian range, we here provide the phylogenetic framework necessary for reconstructing liphistiid biogeographic history. All phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Liphistiidae and of eight genera. As the fossil evidence supports a Carboniferous Euramerican origin of Mesothelae, our dating analyses postulate a long eastward over-land dispersal towards the Asian origin of Liphistiidae during the Palaeogene (39-58 Ma). Contrary to expectations, diversification within extant liphistiid genera is relatively recent, in the Neogene and Late Palaeogene (4-24 Ma). While no over-water dispersal events are needed to explain their evolutionary history, the history of liphistiid spiders has the potential to play prominently in vicariant biogeographic studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/classification*; Spiders/genetics*

Spider (Araneae) predations on white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera in subtropical rice ecosystems, China

Wang XQ, Wang GH, Zhu ZR, Tang QY, Hu Y, Qiao F, et al.

Pest Manag Sci, 2017 Jun;73(6):1277-1286.

PMID: 27739189 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4459

BACKGROUND: Spiders are effective biological control agents in rice ecosystems, but the comparative study of predations among main spider species under field conditions has not been fully explored owing to a lack of practical methodology. In this study, more than 6000 spiders of dominant species were collected from subtropical rice ecosystems to compare their predations on Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (white-backed planthopper, WBPH) using DNA-based gut content analysis.

RESULTS: The positive rates for all spider taxa were closely related to prey densities, as well as their behaviors and niches. The relationships of positive rates to prey planthopper densities for Pardosa pseudoannulata (Böes. et Str.), Coleosoma octomaculata (Böes. et Str.), Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell and Ummeliata insecticeps (Böes. et Str.) under field conditions could be described using saturated response curves. Quantitative comparisons of predations among the four spider species confirmed that P. pseudoannulata and C. octomaculata were more rapacious than U. insecticeps and T. maxillosa under field conditions. A comparison of ratio of spiders to WBPH and positive rates between fields revealed that biological control by spiders could be effectively integrated with variety resistance.

CONCLUSION: Generalist spiders could follow up WBPH population timely, and assemblages of spiders coupled with variety resistance could effectively suppress WBPH population. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/classification; Spiders/physiology*

Fulltext Constraints on the jumping and prey-capture abilities of ant-mimicking spiders (Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachne)

Hashimoto Y, Endo T, Yamasaki T, Hyodo F, Itioka T

Sci Rep, 2020 10 26;10(1):18279.

PMID: 33106531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75010-y

Accurate morphological ant mimicry by Myrmarachne jumping spiders confers strong protective benefits against predators. However, it has been hypothesized that the slender and constricted ant-like appearance imposes costs on the hunting ability because their jumping power to capture prey is obtained from hydraulic pressure in their bodies. This hypothesis remains to be sufficiently investigated. We compared the jumping and prey-capture abilities of seven Myrmarachne species and non-myrmecomorphic salticids collected from tropical forests in Malaysian Borneo and northeastern Thailand. We found that the mimics had significantly reduced abilities compared with the non-mimics. The analysis using geometric morphometric techniques revealed that the reduced abilities were strongly associated with the morphological traits for ant mimicry and relatively lower abilities were found in Myrmarachne species with a more narrowed form. These results support the hypothesis that the jumping ability to capture prey is constrained by the morphological mimicry and provide a new insight into understanding the evolutionary costs of accurate mimicry.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/physiology*

On the genus Systaria (Araneae: Clubionidae) in Southeast Asia: new species from caves and forests

JÄger P

Zootaxa, 2018 Oct 26;4504(4):524-544.

PMID: 30486007 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4504.4.5

The genus Systaria Simon 1897 is reviewed in Southeast Asia and eight new species are described: S. lannops spec. nov. from Thailand (female), S. longinqua spec. nov. (male, female) and S. luangprabang spec. nov. (female) from Laos, S. procera spec. nov. (male, female) and S. bregibec spec. nov. (male) from Cambodia, S. bifidops spec. nov. from Malaysia (male), S. panay spec. nov. (female) and S. princesa spec. nov. (male, female) from Philippines. S. elberti (Strand 1913) is illustrated and partly re-described. Informal groups of species are proposed for the first time. Distribution ranges and habitat preferences are mapped.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders*

A new species of Angaeus from Malaysia with possible affinity to related genera within Stephanopinae (Araneae: Thomisidae)

Benjamin SP

Zootaxa, 2017 Oct 17;4337(2):297-300.

PMID: 29242447 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.10

The crab spider genus Angaeus Thorell, 1881 currently contains 10 described species (Benjamin 2013; WSC 2017). All species of the genus are restricted to tropical Asia. The aim of this correspondence is to illustrate and describe a new species of the genus characterized by a number of features previously found in the genera Angaeus, Borboropactus Simon, 1884, Epidius Thorell, 1877 and Geraesta Simon, 1889. The most unusual feature is the elongated tibia of the male palp that was previously thought to be diagnostic of Epidius (Figs 1, 2, 8; character 1 in Benjamin 2011; Benjamin 2017). However, the new species lacks tibial macrosetae (Figs 1, 2, 8) and lacks a flexibly attached MA, both also being characteristics of Epidius (characters 2 and 18 in Benjamin 2011). Furthermore, this new species differs considerably in general appearance from all known species of Epidius.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders*

Two new species of Pharta Thorell, 1891 with the description of Ibana senagang gen. et sp. nov. (Araneae: Thomisidae)

Benjamin SP

Zootaxa, 2014;3894:177-82.

PMID: 25544630 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.15

Two new species of Pharta, P. sudmannorum sp. nov. (♂♀, Borneo) and P. koponeni sp. nov. (♂, Thailand) are described. Furthermore, Ibana senagang gen. nov. & sp. nov. from Malaysia is described based on its exceptional palp, which has a reduced, movable conductor and thick-long spines on the distal, ventral surface of the tibia, reminiscent of Epidius Thorell, 1877.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/anatomy & histology; Spiders/classification*; Spiders/growth & development

Jerzego, a new hisponine jumping spider from Borneo (Araneae: Salticidae)

Maddison WP, Piascik EK

Zootaxa, 2014;3852(5):569-78.

PMID: 25284419 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.5.5

A new genus and species of hisponine jumping spider from Sarawak, Jerzego corticicola Maddison sp. nov. are described, representing one of the few hisponine jumping spiders known from Asia, and the only whose male is known. Although similar to the primarily-Madagascan genus Hispo in having an elongate and flat body, sequences of 28s and 16sND1 genes indicate that Jerzego is most closely related to Massagris and Tomomingi, a result consistent with morphology. Females of Jerzego and other genera of Hisponinae were found to have an unusual double copulatory duct, which appears to be a synapomorphy of the subfamily. Two species are transferred from Hispo, Jerzego bipartitus (Simon) comb. nov. and Jerzego alboguttatus (Simon) comb. nov. Diagnostic illustrations and photographs of living spiders are provided.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Tisaniba, a new genus of marpissoid jumping spiders from Borneo (Araneae: Salticidae)

Zhang JX, Maddison WP

Zootaxa, 2014;3852(2):252-72.

PMID: 25284396 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3852.2.5

Six new species of marpissoid jumping spiders from Sarawak, Borneo, are described in the new genus Tisaniba Zhang & Maddison. They are the type species, T. mulu Zhang & Maddison sp. nov., as well as the species T. bijibijan Zhang & Maddison sp. nov., T. dik Zhang & Maddison sp. nov., T. kubah Zhang & Maddison sp. nov., T. selan Zhang & Maddison sp. nov., and T. selasi Zhang & Maddison sp. nov. The spiders are small and brown to black, living in leaf litter in the tropical forest. Phylogenetic analyses based on 28s and 16sND1 genes indicate that they are a distinctive group within the marpissoids. Diagnostic illustrations and photographs of living spiders are provided for all species.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/anatomy & histology; Spiders/classification*; Spiders/growth & development

Fulltext Taxonomic notes on the genus Eupoa Żabka, 1985 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae)

Logunov DV, Marusik YM

Zookeys, 2014.

PMID: 24899850 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.410.7548

The south-east Asian genus Eupoa is redescribed and diagnosed. Seven new species are diagnosed, described and illustrated: E. daklak sp. n. (♀) from Viet-Nam; E. lehtineni sp. n. (♂♀) from India, Thailand and Viet-Nam; E. lobli sp. n. (♂) from Malaysia; E. pappi sp. n. (♂) from Thailand; E. pulchella sp. n.(♂) from Thailand; E. schwendingeri sp. n. (♂♀) from Thailand; and E. thailandica sp. n. (♂♀) from Thailand. Eupoa prima Żabka, 1985 and E. yunnanensis Peng & Kim, 1997 are redescribed and illustrated on the basis of type and/or newly collected materials. The female of E. yunnanensis Peng & Kim, 1997 is found and described for the first time.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Fulltext Aristolochia vallisicola (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Peninsular Malaysia

Yao TL

PhytoKeys, 2012.

PMID: 23170070 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.14.3354

A new species in the genus Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae), Aristolochia vallisicola T.L.Yao, from Peninsular Malaysia is described and illustrated. Among all Peninsular Malaysian Aristolochia,itis the only species with a pinnately veined lamina and a disc-liked perianth limb. A distribution map is provided and its conservation status is assessed as Least Concern.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Fulltext Teknik peer instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah: kekekalan kemahiran pemikiran kritikal?

M. Kaviza

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):61-74.

MyJurnal

Kajian eksperimental ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kesan teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah terhadap kekekalan kemahiran berfikir kritikal. Seramai 25 orang murid Tingkatan Empat melalui teknik persampelan bertujuan terlibat dalam kajian ini. Instrumen ujian pemikiran kritikal yang diadaptasi yang telah disahkan pakar penilai dan mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang baik merupakan instrumen kajian ini. Data kajian ini dianalisis secara inferensi iaitu ujian ANOVA Satu Hala dengan pengukuran berulang melalui perisian IBM SPSS. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah adalah berkesan terhadap kekekalan kemahiran berfikir kritikal dalam kalangan murid. Implikasi kajian ini telah mencadangkan kepada guru-guru Sejarah pada semua peringkat persekolahan untuk melaksanakan teknik Peer Instruction dengan analisis sumber-sumber sejarah untuk memupuk kemahiran berfikir kritikal yang beterusan dalam kalangan murid.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Fulltext A new species of the genus Castoponera (Araneae, Corinnidae) from Sarawak, Borneo, with comparison to a related species

Yamasaki T, Hashimoto Y, Endo T, Hyodo F, Itioka T

Zookeys, 2016.

PMID: 27408573 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.596.8525

A new species of the genus Castoponera Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, Castoponera christae sp. n., is described here. The species is closely related to Castoponera lecythus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, but can be distinguished by the structures of the male palp and the female genitalia.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

The bite of a bird-eating spider Lempropelma violaceopedes

Lim BL, Davie CE

Med J Malaya, 1970 Jun;24(4):311-3.

PMID: 4248356

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Nilai taksonomi trikom dalam genus Neesia (Bombacaceae)

Noraini Talip, Salmizawati Mohamad Salim, Richard Chung CK

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

Kajian kehadiran dan jenis trikom telah dijalankan ke atas lima spesies Neesia daripada famili Bombacaceae. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa kehadiran trikom jenis dendritik, berkelenjar, ringkas unisel, peltat sisik dan stelat dalam genus Neesia. Kehadiran trikom stelat boleh dijadikan ciri diagnosis spesies Neesia malayana, trikom peltat sisik bagi Neesia altissima dan trikom ringkas unisel bagi Neesia piluliflora. Trikom berkelenjar merupakan ciri sepunya dalam semua spesies yang dikaji. Sementara kehadiran trikom dendritik tidak mempunyai nilai taksonomi yang begitu signifikan tetapi masih boleh digunakan untuk membezakan spesies. Kesimpulannya hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kehadiran trikom pada lamina daun Neesia mempunyai nilai taksonomi terutamanya di peringkat spesies.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Spider assemblages in Rimba Ilmu Botanical Garden, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Dzulhelmi M, Norma-Rashid Y

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:497-502.

The seasonal variation of spider assemblages in botanical garden was investigated. The spiders were manually collected by diurnal and nocturnal session between two seasons. A total of 19 families from 65 genera and 96 species were recorded. Richness-estimator indicates the inventory were 67% complete within the botanical garden. The capture rate for web-weavers were higher compared with non-web weavers. The comparison value showed the species composition and abundance were similar between seasons. Spider abundance was not affected between wet and dry season in tropical countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Taxonomic revision of the endemic Bornean genera Anexodus Pascoe and Pantilema Aurivillius (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)

Gabriš R, Trnka F, Wahab RA, Kundrata R

Zookeys, 2017.

PMID: 28769651 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.669.12608

The genera Anexodus Pascoe, 1866 and Pantilema Aurivillius, 1911 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Morimopsini), both endemic to Borneo, are revised. Four species of Anexodus are recognized: A. aquilus Pascoe, 1886 (Malaysia: Sabah), A. sarawakensis Sudre, 1997 (Malaysia: Sarawak), A. syptakovaesp. n. (Malaysia: Sarawak), and A. tufisp. n. (Brunei). Pantilema is a monotypic genus containing P. angustum Aurivillius, 1911 (Malaysia: Sarawak) which is known only from the holotype. For the first time, genital structures are studied in these genera. An identification key for the species of Anexodus is provided and their intraspecific morphological variability and distributions are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders

Fulltext On the predation of fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) by a spider, Oxyopes sp. Latreille (Oxyopidae)

Heo CC, Mohamad AM, John J, Baharudin O

Trop Biomed, 2008 Apr;25(1):93-5.

PMID: 18600210 MyJurnal

During a forensic entomological study conducted in a palm oil plantation in Tg.Sepat, Selangor in September 2007, a spider (Arachnida), Oxyopes sp. (Oxyopidae) was found to predate on a calliphorid fly (Chrysomya rufifacies). The female spider laid a silk thread, or "drag line", behind it as it moved. This spider bites its prey by using a pairs of chelicerae, and injecting venom into the fly. The fly was moving its wing trying to escape, however, it succumbed to the deadly bite.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/physiology*

Ants Do Not Traverse the Silk of Adult Female Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) Webs

Knowlton ED, Kamath A

Neotrop. Entomol., 2018 Dec;47(6):780-785.

PMID: 30191403 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0631-6

Many organisms use chemicals to deter enemies. Some spiders can modify the composition of their silk to deter predators from climbing onto their webs. The Malaysian golden orb-weaver Nephila antipodiana (Walckenaer) produces silk containing an alkaloid (2-pyrrolidinone) that functions as a defense against ant invasion-ants avoid silk containing this chemical. In the present study, we test the generality of ants' silk avoidance behavior in the field. We introduced three ant species to the orb webs of Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) in the tropical rainforest of La Selva, Costa Rica. We found that predatory army ants (Eciton burchellii Westwood) as well as non-predatory leaf-cutting ants (Atta cephalotes Linnaeus and Acromyrmex volcanus Wheeler) avoided adult N. clavipes silk, suggesting that an additional species within genus Nephila may possess ant-deterring silk. Our field assay also suggests that silk avoidance behavior is found in multiple ant species.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders/chemistry*

Review of the huntsman spider genus Rhitymna Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Sparassidae)

Jäger P

Zootaxa, 2019 Feb 26;4560(3):zootaxa.4560.3.2.

PMID: 31716566 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.2

The genus Rhitymna Simon, 1897 is revised by means of new material. Four new species are described: R. gerdmangel spec. nov. (Thailand, Malaysia; male, female), R. merianae spec. nov. (Indonesia: Bali; male), R. flores spec. nov. (Indonesia: Flores; male, female), R. senckenbergi spec. nov. (Philippines; male). The male of R. plana Jäger, 2003 and the female of R. tangi Quan Liu, 2012 are described for the first time. Rhitymna simoni Jäger, 2003 is recognised as junior synonym of R. cursor (Thorell, 1894) comb. nov., the latter transferred from the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837. New records are given for further Rhitymna species, among them new country or island records for R. verruca (Wang, 1991) (Thailand), R. tangi Quan Liu, 2012 (Laos), R. plana Jäger, 2003 (Cambodia), R. pinangensis (Thorell, 1891) (Thailand), R. deelemanae Jäger, 2003 (Bali). The number of cheliceral bristles close to the fang base is recognised as size dependent, therefore without true phylogenetic signal. Two main types of copulatory organs within the genus are recognised and discussed. R. gerdmangel spec. nov. has a special biology as it lives exclusively in bamboo. Holes made by beetles or woodpeckers are used to enter the bamboo stem. Spiders hide during the day and lay their eggs in bamboo internodes.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders*

First record of Artoria Thorell, 1877 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Malaysia, with the description of a new species

Wang LY, Zhang ZS, Peng XJ

Zootaxa, 2019 Aug 19;4657(2):zootaxa.4657.2.12.

PMID: 31716793 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4657.2.12

The wolf spider genus Artoria Thorell, 1877 is a common group in Australasia, currently including 41 species from Australia, three from New Zealand and four from Pacific islands (Framenau Baehr 2018; Word Spider Catalog 2019). This does not, however, comprise the whole distribution of the genus. The type species, A. parvula Thorell, 1877 has been recorded from China, Philippines, Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Australia (Northern Territory). An endemic species, A. ligulacea (Qu, Peng Yin, 2009) was described from Yunnan, China. This indicates that there must be some undescribed species from Southeast Asian countries. A recent collecting expedition to Malaysia confirms this hypothesis. Two species of Artoria were found, the type species, A. parvula from East and West Malaysia and a new species, A. weiwei sp. nov. from East Malaysia. In this study, we illustrate the former and describe for the first time the latter species.

Matched MeSH terms: Spiders*

Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 59 in total