Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 250 in total

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  1. Fulltext Synergistic antimicrobial activity between pentacyclic triterpenoids and antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains
    Chung PY, Navaratnam P, Chung LY
    Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 2011;10:25.
    PMID: 21658242 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-10-25
    There has been considerable effort to discover plant-derived antibacterials against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) which have developed resistance to most existing antibiotics, including the last line of defence, vancomycin. Pentacyclic triterpenoid, a biologically diverse plant-derived natural product, has been reported to show anti-staphylococcal activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the interaction between three pentacyclic triterpenoid and standard antibiotics (methicillin and vancomycin) against reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*
  2. Fulltext Staphylococcus aureus carriage in selected communities and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns
    Norazah A, Lim VKE, Munirah SN, Kamel AGM
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Jun;58(2):255-61.
    PMID: 14569746
    The carriage and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in the community were determined. Nasal, throat and axillary swabs were taken from 100 healthy adults and 90 disabled nursing home inmates. Antibiotic disc susceptibility testing was conducted following the NCCLS method. Staphylococcus aureus carriage was noted in 29% of healthy adults and 47.7% of nursing home inmates. Out of 79 strains, resistance to antibiotics were as follows; penicillin (92.4%), genetamicin (2.5%), tetracycline (6.3%), fusidic acid (11.3%), erythromycin (3.8%), pefloxacin (5.1%), mupirocin (3.8%), amikacin (3.8%), ciprofloxacin (2.5%) and chloramphenicol (2.5%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was not isolated. Multiple colonizations and multi-antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus were shown to occur in healthy individuals without risk factors and not previously hospitalized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  3. Double Embedded Rings of a Digit Leading to Amputation
    Liew SK, Fong TS, Teh KK
    J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol, 2021 Mar;26(1):103-106.
    PMID: 33559570 DOI: 10.1142/S2424835521720048
    Chronic embedded-ring injury is a rare and uncommon presentation. This is also known as "chronic ring erosion" or "embedded ring syndrome" in the literature. Injury of this type has been associated with psychological impairment causing neglect of such injury. We herein describe a case of double embedded rings on the right ring finger in a 30-year-old healthy construction worker. A primary amputation at the metacarpophalangeal joint was performed in view of the chronicity of his condition and associated neurovascular damage. Early removal of ring is of paramount importance in any ring-associated injuries. However, fear of losing a digit has been the reason of delay in seeking medical treatment, which in turn ended up in dire consequences.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/etiology; Staphylococcal Infections/surgery
  4. First community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Malaysia
    Nor Shamsudin M, Sekawi Z, van Belkum A, Neela V
    J Med Microbiol, 2008 Sep;57(Pt 9):1180-1181.
    PMID: 18719195 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47844-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  5. Increased vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Malaysia
    Ahmad N, Nawi S, Rajasekaran G, Maning N, Aziz MN, Husin A, et al.
    J Med Microbiol, 2010 Dec;59(Pt 12):1530-1532.
    PMID: 20724515 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.022079-0
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  6. Fulltext DNA fingerprinting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE): comparison of strains from 2 Malaysian hospitals
    Norazah A, Liew SM, Kamel AG, Koh YT, Lim VK
    Singapore Med J, 2001 Jan;42(1):15-9.
    PMID: 11361232
    To determine and compare the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of endemic MRSA strains in 2 major Malaysian hospitals and to compare the PFGE patterns with antibiotypes of the strains studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*
  7. Fulltext An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit in Singapore: a 20-month study of clinical characteristics and control
    Tan KW, Tay L, Lim SH
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Jun;35(3):277-82.
    PMID: 7997904
    Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major infection control problem in many countries. There have been many reports of outbreaks in neonatal nurseries including, in our part of the world, Australia, Hong Kong and Malaysia. A recent outbreak of MRSA in the neonatal intensive care unit in the Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore, presented us with the opportunity to study the clinical characteristics of the outbreak and the effects of infection control measures. Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were studied over a 20-month period. They were all screened for nasal colonisation on admission and weekly thereafter. Infections were documented. Over this period there were altogether 2,576 admissions of which 85 infants had nasal colonisation with MRSA (3.3%) and 28 developed infections (1%). Although the majority of infants colonised by MRSA suffered no ill effects, 3 had septicaemia and 2 had septicaemia with osteomyelitis. There were no deaths. Standard infection control measures with barrier nursing and the use of mupirocin nasal ointment were ineffective, and control was achieved only after strict cohorting together with the use of mupirocin was instituted. This was done without additional costs to the department and without additional nurses or doctors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control
  8. Staphylococcal infection in Malaysian hospitals
    Lim VK
    J Hosp Infect, 1988 Feb;11 Suppl A:103-8.
    PMID: 2896692
    Staphylococcal infection is common in Malaysian hospitals. A recent survey of 22 Malaysian hospitals revealed that staphylococci were isolated from almost 40% of positive blood cultures. A more detailed analysis of such cases in our own hospital showed that almost 70% of Staphylococcus aureus and about 16% of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates were associated with clinically-significant disease. Staphylococcal bacteraemia was seen mainly in neonatal sepsis, skin and soft tissue infections, pneumonia, arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and postoperative sepsis. Multiply-resistant S. aureus were encountered in all the hospitals surveyed. Resistance rates to penicillin ranged from 40% to almost 100% while methicillin resistance rates of up to 25% were reported from several hospitals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  9. Survey of Staphylococcus isolates among hospital personnel, environment and their antibiogram with special emphasis on methicillin resistance
    Shobha KL, Rao PS, Thomas J
    Indian J Med Microbiol, 2005 Jul;23(3):186-8.
    PMID: 16100427
    The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. carriage among hospital personnel and hospital environment and their antibiogram with special emphasis on methicillin resistance. A total of 205 samples from hospital personnel and environment were collected from casualty, oncology and multidisciplinary cardiac unit ward of Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Manipal. Samples were collected using sterile cotton wool swabs and inoculated into brain heart infusion broth. Subcultures were done onto blood agar and MacConkey's agar. Isolates were identified by standard methods up to species level. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to standardized disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer method. Each of the isolates was screened for methicillin resistance using oxacillin disc on Mueller Hinton agar plate followed by MIC for methicillin and cefoxitin susceptibility test by disc diffusion method. Sixty five out of 205 strains (31.7%) were Staphylococcus spp. and all of them were coagulase negative. Most of the strains belonged to S.epidermidis 49.23% (32/65) followed by S. saprophyticus 26.15% (17/65). Maximum isolates of S.epidermidis were from anterior nares 28.12% (9/32 strains of S.epidermidis). Highest number of methicillin resistant coagulase negative strains (3/9, 33.33%) were isolated from stethoscope of multidisciplinary cardiac unit ward followed by carriers in the anterior nares (2/9, 22.22%). Methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci are prevalent in anterior nares of hospital personnel and in the hospital environment thereby providing a definite source for hospital acquired infection. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*
  10. Fulltext Clonal distribution and possible microevolution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Tan XE, Neoh HM, Hussin S, Zin NM
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013 Mar;3(3):224-8.
    PMID: 23620843 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60055-6
    OBJECTIVE: To genotypically characterize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from medical and surgical wards in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in 2009.

    METHODS: MRSA strains were collected and molecularly typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

    RESULTS: PFGE typing on 180 MRSA isolated in UKMMC identified 5 pulsotypes (A-E) and 6 singletons, where pulsotypes B and C were suspected to be divergent clones originating from a single ancestor. This study also showed that most MRSA strains were isolated from swab (119 isolates), followed by blood (22 isolates), tracheal aspirate (11 isolates) and sputum (10 isolates). On the other hand, urine and bone isolates were less, which were 4 and 1 isolates, respectively. The distribution of different pulsotypes of MRSA among wards suggested that MRSA was communicated in surgical and medical wards in UKMMC, with pulsotype B MRSA as the dominant strain. Besides, it was found that most deceased patients were infected by pulsotype B MRSA, however, no particular pulsotype could be associated with patient age, underlying disease, or ward of admittance.

    CONCLUSIONS: Five pulsotypes of MRSA and 6 singletons were identified, with pulsotype B MRSA as the endemic strains circulating in these wards, which is useful in establishment of preventive measures against MRSA transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  11. Fulltext Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in a Malaysian hospital
    Cheong I, Tan SC, Wong YH, Zainudin BM, Rahman MZ
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Mar;49(1):24-8.
    PMID: 8057986
    Between August 1990 to November 1991, 905 of 2583 (35.4%) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be methicillin-resistant in a general hospital in Malaysia. A detailed study of 539 of these isolates showed a high prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the surgical/orthopaedic wards, paediatric wards and the special care unit. The yield of MRSA was highest from wounds/ulcers/skin swabs accounting for 64.2 per cent followed by 6.9 per cent in blood cultures. Vancomycin remains the drug of choice with no resistance detected. The resistance to ciprofloxacin was 6.7 per cent, rifampicin 4.5 per cent and fusidic acid 2.0 per cent. Most isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides. In view of the high prevalence of MRSA in this hospital, the authorities must introduce more effective measures to control its spread as a nosocomial pathogen. Otherwise it may seriously disrupt the efficient delivery of health care services in the country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control
  12. Fulltext First report on the molecular epidemiology of Malaysian Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from a university teaching hospital
    Sani NA, Sapri HF, Neoh HM, Hussin S
    BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:597.
    PMID: 25186825 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-597
    Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen associated with nosocomial infections whose medical importance has increased due to progressively invasive medical procedures. In this study, we characterized the molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis strains circulating in our university hospital situated in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  13. Fulltext The significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in a low resource setting
    Abdul Rahman Z, Hamzah SH, Hassan SA, Osman S, Md Noor SS
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2013 Jun;7(6):448-52.
    PMID: 23771288 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.2535
    INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of micro-organisms that are increasingly implicated as a cause of significant infection and the leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). One important predictor of true BSI is the isolation of CoNS from multiple blood cultures, presuming that the isolates represent the same species. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
    METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective laboratory study which was initiated in June 2007 and lasted until July 2008. CoNS isolates were obtained from patients who had two positive blood cultures within a 14-day interval. CoNS were identified to the species level using an API-Staph, and antibiotics susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute specifications. Strain relatedness was confirmed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
    RESULTS: During the study period, 202 CoNS-positive samples were isolated from 101 patients. The most common species isolated was Staphylococcus epidermidis (59.0%), and 83.2% of the patients isolated the same species of CoNS from repeated blood cultures. Among the isolates of the same species, only 40.7% had the same antibiogram. CoNS with the same species and antibiogram had 93.3% probability of belonging to the same strain. Most (65.5%) of the patients were treated with antibiotics, primarily from the glycopeptides group.
    CONCLUSION: Speciation and antibiogram of CoNS from repeated blood cultures are adequate in determining the significance of repeated CoNS isolated from blood cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  14. Temporal changes in the genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a tertiary Malaysian hospital based on MLST, spa, and mec-associated dru typing
    Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY, Goering RV, Thong KL
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Oct;74(2):106-12.
    PMID: 22770652 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.05.033
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main bacterial pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections leading to pneumonia, bloodstream, skin, and soft tissue infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the genomic changes of MRSA in a tertiary hospital between the years 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2008. One hundred fifty-four MRSA strains were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa, and mec-associated dru typing. Among the 154 strains, 29 different dru, 15 spa, and 8 MLST types were identified. Seven sequence types (STs) (ST239, ST22, ST5, ST6, ST80, ST573, and ST241) were identified among 2007-08 strains, although only 2 STs (ST239 and ST20) were observed among 2003 strains. Clones ST239-t037-dt13g, ST22-t032-(dt10a and dt10aw), and 28 other MRSA clones being introduced in 2007-2008 have replaced the ST239-t037 (dt13d, 14h, 13i, 13l, 13m, 15m, 15l, and 11al) clones present in 2003. The predominant MLST clone, ST239 (90.3%), was further distinguished into 7 different spa types and 26 different dru types, including 17 novel dru types. Maximum parsimony tree based on dru repeats revealed that 10 dru types (dt11am, dt13j, dt15n, dt13q, dt13n, dt13p, dt13f, dt13ao, dt12j, dt7v) shared the same MLST-spa types with dt13d, suggesting that these MRSA clones might have evolved from ST239-t037-dt13d. In conclusion, our data showed that the ST239-t037-dt13d clone and other MRSA clones in 2003 were replaced by ST239-t037-dt13g and other new emerging spa and dru types.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  15. Diversity in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones
    Ghaznavi-Rad E, Neela V, Nor Shamsudin M, Ghasemzadeh Moghaddam H, Tavakol M, van Belkum A, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2012 Dec;31(12):3317-21.
    PMID: 23010901 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1698-3
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is well known for its epidemicity, with the emergence of new clones on a daily basis. Diversity in the clonal types of MRSA challenges the success of treatment, as different clones respond to different sets of antibiotics. However, the antibiotic susceptibility among the isolates within the same clones is largely unexplored. In a previous study on MRSA epidemiology in Malaysia, we identified six major clonal complexes (ST-239-CC8, ST-1-CC1, ST-188-CC1, ST-22-CC22, ST-7-CC7 and ST-1283-CC8). In the present study, we investigated the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates of different clones. Three hundred and eighty-nine MRSA isolates were subjected to the disc diffusion test, oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and assessment of the distribution of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance genes. Thirty-six different antibiotic profiles were observed: 30 (83.3 %) among ST-239, 2 (5.6 %) among ST-1283 and 1 (2.8 %) each for ST-1, ST-7, ST-22 and ST-188. All ST-239 (362, 9 %) isolates were multiple drug-resistant (MDR; resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics) and had oxacillin MICs >256 mg/l. Among the 385 clindamycin-resistant isolates, 375 (96.4 %) illustrated inducible resistance (D-zone-positive), while 10 (2.6 %) showed constitutive resistance. The vast majority of the macrolide-resistant isolates carried the ermA gene (95.1 %), followed by ermC (12.9 %). Diversity in the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates within the clones emphasises the need for continuous surveillance of MDR strains to prescribe the correct antibiotic rather than empirical treatment. This will likely reduce the emergence of new endemic or epidemic resistant MRSA clones.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology
  16. Fulltext First report on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of Spa type T037, Sequence Type 239, SCCmec type III/IIIA in Malaysia
    Neela V, Ghasemzadeh Moghaddam H, van Belkum A, Horst-Kreft D, Mariana NS, Ghaznavi Rad E
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;29(1):115-7.
    PMID: 19779745 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0813-6
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Malaysia were shown to possess staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)-III and IIIA. Spa sequencing and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) documented t037 and ST 239 (CC8) for 83.3% of the isolates. This confirms observations in several other Far Eastern countries and corroborates the epidemicity of this clone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  17. Multisensitive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Malaysia
    Sam IC, Kahar-Bador M, Chan YF, Loong SK, Mohd Nor Ghazali F
    Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2008 Dec;62(4):437-9.
    PMID: 18842374 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.07.016
    The 1st 9 clinical isolates of multisensitive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) from Malaysia carry SCCmec type IV and predominantly cause skin and soft-tissue infections. Seven were classified as nosocomially acquired. There was considerable clonal diversity, with both pandemic and novel multilocus sequence types detected. CA-MRSA rates appear to be increasing in our hospital, warranting close surveillance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
  18. Fulltext Recalcitrant infection following total knee arthroplasty: a report of two cases
    Zairul-Nizam ZF, Badaruddin BS
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2006 Aug;14(2):216-8.
    PMID: 16914793
    Infection following total knee arthroplasty can be devastating. Even with established treatment protocols, eradication of the infection may not be feasible. We report 2 patients who required above-knee amputation to eradicate recalcitrant infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections/surgery
  19. Genetic variation among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cancer patients in Saudi Arabia
    Alreshidi MA, Alsalamah AA, Hamat RA, Neela V, Alshrari AS, Atshan SS, et al.
    Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2013 Jun;32(6):755-61.
    PMID: 23318757 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1801-9
    One hundred and twenty methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from cancer and non-cancer patients in Saudi Arabia were investigated for antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants and genotypes. The majority of MRSA isolates from cancer (n = 44, 73.3 %) and non-cancer patients (n = 34, 56.7 %) were multi-resistant to more than four classes of antibiotics. Virulence gene profiling showed that all strains were commonly positive for adhesin genes, except ebps and bbp genes, which were not detected in any isolate. Although the presence of adhesin genes varied slightly among MRSA isolates from cancer and non-cancer patients, these variations were not found to be statistically significant. In contrast, the presence of the toxin genes seb, sec, seg and sei was significantly elevated in MRSA strains isolated from cancer patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) detected six and nine sequence types (STs) among isolates from cancer and non-cancer patients, respectively. Using spa typing, 12 and 25 types were detected, including four new types. The ability of different MRSA clones to become multi-resistant and their ability to acquire different virulence factors may contribute to their success as pathogens in individual groups of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/complications*; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*
  20. Predominance of Three Closely Related Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Carrying a Unique ccrC-Positive SCCmec type III and the Emergence of spa t304 and t690 SCCmec type IV pvl(+) MRSA Isolates in Kinta Valley, Malaysia
    Ho WY, Choo QC, Chew CH
    Microb Drug Resist, 2017 Mar;23(2):215-223.
    PMID: 27203527 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0250
    We investigated the epidemiology and clonality of 175 nonrepetitive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from clinical specimens collected between 2011 and 2012 in Kinta Valley in Malaysia. Molecular tools such as polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing were used. Our study revealed the predominance of three closely related ermA(+) SCCmec type III pulsotypes belonging to spa type t037 (Brazilian-Hungarian clone), which were deficient in the locus F, but positive for the ccrC gene in majority (65.7%) of the MRSA infections in this region. The first evidence of SCCmec type II MRSA in the country, belonging to spa type t2460, was also noted. Although the carriage of pvl gene was uncommon (8.6%) and mostly confined to either SCCmec type IV or SCCmec type V isolates, most of these isolates belonged to spa types t345 or t657, which are associated with the Bengal-Bay CA-MRSA clone. Interestingly, spa t304 and t690 SCCmec type IV pvl(+) were also detected among the MRSA isolates. Data from this study show the rise of uncommon clones among MRSA isolates in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology*; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology*
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