Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 152 in total

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  1. Dynamic impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria
    Ali HS, Law SH, Zannah TI
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Jun;23(12):12435-43.
    PMID: 26983914 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6437-3
    The objective of this paper is to examine the dynamic impact of urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, and trade openness on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria based on autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) approach for the period of 1971-2011. The result shows that variables were cointegrated as null hypothesis was rejected at 1 % level of significance. The coefficients of long-run result reveal that urbanization does not have any significant impact on CO 2 emissions in Nigeria, economic growth, and energy consumption has a positive and significant impact on CO 2 emissions. However, trade openness has negative and significant impact on CO 2 emissions. Consumption of energy is among the main determinant of CO 2 emissions which is directly linked to the level of income. Despite the high level of urbanization in the country, consumption of energy still remains low due to lower income of the majority populace and this might be among the reasons why urbanization does not influence emissions of CO 2 in the country. Initiating more open economy policies will be welcoming in the Nigerian economy as the openness leads to the reduction of pollutants from the environment particularly CO 2 emissions which is the major gases that deteriorate physical environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  2. Are globalization, urbanization, and energy consumption cause carbon emissions in SAARC region? New evidence from CS-ARDL approach
    Azam M, Uddin I, Khan S, Tariq M
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2022 Dec;29(58):87746-87763.
    PMID: 35821313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21835-1
    This study examines the impact of energy consumption, urbanization, and globalization on environmental degradation proxied by carbon emissions (CO2) in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, namely Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India using data over the period 1990-2018. The cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), pooled mean group (PMG), and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (D-H) Granger causality techniques are employed for the empirical analysis. First and second-generation panel unit root tests are used to determine the stationary level of all data series which reveals mixed order of integration. The empirical findings show that urbanization, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita income, energy consumption, industrial growth, globalization, and financial development cause CO2 emissions, while the other variables, namely arable land and innovation, put negative effects on CO2 emissions. Moreover, the D-H heterogeneous test results exhibit that bi-directional relationship exists between CO2 and arable land, urbanization, industrial growth, and financial development, while a unidirectional causality exists between CO2 emissions and GDP per head income. These findings suggest that planned urbanization, investment in renewable energy sources, and effective strategies regarding the economic and financial integration with the global economies are required for a clean and green environment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  3. Fulltext Trends and Spatial Pattern Analysis of Dengue Cases in Northeast Malaysia
    Masrani AS, Nik Husain NR, Musa KI, Yasin AS
    J Prev Med Public Health, 2022 Jan;55(1):80-87.
    PMID: 35135051 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.21.461
    OBJECTIVES: Dengue remains hyperendemic in Malaysia despite extensive vector control activities. With dynamic changes in land use, urbanisation and population movement, periodic updates on dengue transmission patterns are crucial to ensure the implementation of effective control strategies. We sought to assess shifts in the trends and spatial patterns of dengue in Kelantan, a north-eastern state of Malaysia (5°15'N 102°0'E).

    METHODS: This study incorporated data from the national dengue monitoring system (eDengue system). Confirmed dengue cases registered in Kelantan with disease onset between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 were included in the study. Yearly changes in dengue incidence were mapped by using ArcGIS. Hotspot analysis was performed using Getis-Ord Gi to track changes in the trends of dengue spatial clustering.

    RESULTS: A total of 10 645 dengue cases were recorded in Kelantan between 2016 and 2018, with an average of 10 dengue cases reported daily (standard deviation, 11.02). Areas with persistently high dengue incidence were seen mainly in the coastal region for the 3-year period. However, the hotspots shifted over time with a gradual dispersion of hotspots to their adjacent districts.

    CONCLUSIONS: A notable shift in the spatial patterns of dengue was observed. We were able to glimpse the shift of dengue from an urban to peri-urban disease with the possible effect of a state-wide population movement that affects dengue transmission.

    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  4. Towards achieving environmental sustainability: environmental quality versus economic growth in a developing economy on ecological footprint via dynamic simulations of ARDL
    Solarin SA, Nathaniel SP, Bekun FV, Okunola AM, Alhassan A
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Apr;28(14):17942-17959.
    PMID: 33410031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11637-8
    Studies have shown that factors like trade, urbanization, and economic growth may increase the ecological footprint (EFP) since ecological distortions are mainly human-induced. Therefore, this study explores the effect of economic growth and urbanization on the EFP, accounting for foreign direct investment and trade in Nigeria, using data from 1977 to 2016. This study used the EFP variable as against the CO2 emissions used in the previous studies since the former is a more comprehensive and extensive measure of environmental quality. We apply the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulations for model estimation, the Bayer and Hanck J Time Ser Anal 34: 83-95, (2013) combined cointegration, and the ARDL bounds test for cointegration. Although the results affirmed the presence of long-run relationship among the variables, economic growth deteriorates the environment in the short run, while urbanization exacts no harmful impact. In the long run, FDI and trade deteriorate the environment while economic growth adds to environmental quality. It is recommended that policymakers strengthen the existing environmental regulations to curtail harmful trade and provide rural infrastructures to abate urban anomaly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  5. Modeling CO2 emissions in Malaysia: an application of Maki cointegration and wavelet coherence tests
    Zhang L, Li Z, Kirikkaleli D, Adebayo TS, Adeshola I, Akinsola GD
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 May;28(20):26030-26044.
    PMID: 33481200 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12430-x
    One of humanity's most significant problems in the twenty-first century revolves around how to balance the mitigation of environmental pollution while achieving sustainable economic development. Despite increased awareness and dedication to climate change, the planet is still seeing a drastic decrease in the volume of pollutant emissions. This study explores the long-run and causal impact of economic growth, financial development, urbanization, and gross capital formation on Malaysia's CO2 emissions based on the STIRPAT framework. The current paper employs recently developed econometric techniques such as Maki co-integration, auto-regressive distribution lag (ARDL), fully modified OLS (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and wavelet coherence and gradual shift causality tests to investigate these interconnections. The advantage of the gradual shift causality test is that it can capture the causality in the presence of a structural break(s). The findings from the Maki co-integration and ARDL bounds tests reveal evidence of cointegration among the variables. The ARDL test reveals that economic growth, gross capital formation, and urbanization exert a positive impact on CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the wavelet coherence test reveals that there is a significant dependency between CO2 emissions and economic growth, gross capital formation, and urbanization. The Toda Yamamoto and Gradual shift causality tests reveal that there is a (a) unidirectional causality from urbanization to CO2 emissions, (b) unidirectional causality from economic growth to CO2 emissions, and (c) unidirectional causality from gross capital formation to CO2 emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  6. Dynamic common correlated effects of trade openness, FDI, and institutional performance on environmental quality: evidence from OIC countries
    Ali S, Yusop Z, Kaliappan SR, Chin L
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 Apr;27(11):11671-11682.
    PMID: 31970640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07768-7
    The study aims to address the dynamic common correlated effects of trade openness, FDI, and institutional performance on environmental quality in OIC countries. Mostly, pollutants like CO2 and SO2 emissions are considered as the environmental indicators. However, for this study, we have selected ecological footprint as the indicator of environmental quality. The new econometric approach Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) has been used to measure the cross-sectional dependence among cross-sectional units. Results confirm that previous techniques for long panel data, like MG and PMG, give ambiguous outcomes in the presence of cross-sectional dependence. According to DCCE estimation, trade openness, FDI, and urbanization have a positive and significant relationship with ecological footprint while a significant and negative association is found between institutional performance and ecological footprint. The OIC countries must encourage green technology, clean production, and improved institutions for sustainable development and better environmental quality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  7. Importance of green roof criteria for residential and governmental buildings: a multi-criteria decision analysis
    Gohari A, Gohari A, Ahmad AB
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Jan;30(2):3707-3725.
    PMID: 35953748 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22472-4
    Megacities recently are experiencing a shortage of green spaces basically due to the rapid growth of urbanization and increasing demand for different building types. Consideration of sustainable urban development is essential since the expansion of city facilities should be in line with social, economic, and environmental aspects. In this regard, green roof technology has been recommended as an effective solution for the growth of green spaces per capita and improving sustainability means of urban developments due to its diverse advantages. This study thus aimed at prioritizing sustainability indicators and relative sub-criteria of adopting green roof technology for residential and governmental buildings in the city of Mashhad, Iran, which has a dry climate. For this purpose, thirteen sub-criteria, which are extracted from the existing literature, are classified into three main sustainability indicators (environmental, economic, and social). Also, the best-worth method (BWM) as a multi-criteria decision-making technique was implemented to prioritize indicators and sub-criteria by analyzing the expert's opinion. The results indicated that respective economic and environmental indicators attract the highest priority in residential and governmental buildings. Additionally, the most important sub-criteria in environmental, economic, and social groups are air quality, roof longevity, and public health in both building types, respectively. However, when all criteria were considered, the respective highest priorities belong to roof longevity and air quality in residential and governmental buildings, while biodiversity conservation is the least important one in both building types. The results of this research can be beneficial in other cities with similar economic and climate conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  8. The impact of energy consumption on environmental quality: empirical evidence from the MINT countries
    Agbede EA, Bani Y, Azman-Saini WNW, Naseem NAM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Oct;28(38):54117-54136.
    PMID: 34043174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14407-2
    Rapid increases in energy consumption and economic growth over the past three decades are considered the driving force behind rising environmental degradation, which remain a threat to people and healthy environment. This study investigates the impact of energy consumption on environmental quality in the MINT countries using a panel PMG/ARDL modelling technique, and the Granger causality test spanning from 1971 to 2017. The empirical results confirm the existence of long-run nexus among the variables employed. The results also reveal that economic growth, energy consumption and bio-capacity have a positive and statistically significant effect on environmental degradation during the long run period. We find that a 1% increase in primary energy consumption leads to 0.4172% increase in environmental deterioration in the long-run period, but it is insignificant in the short run. This implies that energy consumption deteriorates environmental quality through a negative effect of ecological footprint. The result also suggests that as MINT countries increase the use of energy to accelerate pace of economic growth, environmental quality would deteriorate through increased ecological footprints. The coefficient of the error correction term (ect) is negative and significant (- 0.2306), suggesting that ecological footprint, a measure of environmental degradation would converge to its long-run equilibrium in the MINT region by 23.06% speed of adjustment every year due to contribution of economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization and biocapacity. The Granger non-causality test results reveal a unidirectional causal relationship from economic growth, energy consumption, and urbanization to ecological footprint and from economic growth to biocapacity. The results further show bi-directional causality between biocapacity and ecological footprint as well as between biocapacity and economic growth. Moreover, urbanization causes economic growth and biocapacity Granger-causes urbanization. Based on these findings, policy implications are adequately discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  9. Urbanization, Extreme Events, and Health: The Case for Systems Approaches in Mitigation, Management, and Response
    Siri JG, Newell B, Proust K, Capon A
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2016 Mar;28(2 Suppl):15S-27S.
    PMID: 26219559 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515595694
    Extreme events, both natural and anthropogenic, increasingly affect cities in terms of economic losses and impacts on health and well-being. Most people now live in cities, and Asian cities, in particular, are experiencing growth on unprecedented scales. Meanwhile, the economic and health consequences of climate-related events are worsening, a trend projected to continue. Urbanization, climate change and other geophysical and social forces interact with urban systems in ways that give rise to complex and in many cases synergistic relationships. Such effects may be mediated by location, scale, density, or connectivity, and also involve feedbacks and cascading outcomes. In this context, traditional, siloed, reductionist approaches to understanding and dealing with extreme events are unlikely to be adequate. Systems approaches to mitigation, management and response for extreme events offer a more effective way forward. Well-managed urban systems can decrease risk and increase resilience in the face of such events.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  10. High Prevalence of Rodent-Borne Bartonella spp. in Urbanizing Environments in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
    Blasdell KR, Perera D, Firth C
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2019 03;100(3):506-509.
    PMID: 30526734 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0616
    Rodents are the most prominent animal host of Bartonella spp., which are associated with an increasing number of human diseases worldwide. Many rodent species thrive in urban environments and live in close contact with people, which can lead to an increased human risk of infection from rodent-borne pathogens. In this study, we explored the prevalence and distribution of Bartonella spp. in rodents in urban, developing, and rural environments surrounding a growing city in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. We found that although Bartonella spp. infection was pervasive in most rodent species sampled, prevalence was highest in urban areas and infection was most commonly detected in the predominant indigenous rodent species sampled (Sundamys muelleri). Within the urban environment, parks and remnant green patches were significantly associated with the presence of both S. muelleri and Bartonella spp., indicating higher localized risk of infection for people using these environments for farming, foraging, or recreation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  11. Globalisation and its effect on pollution in Malaysia: the role of Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement
    Solarin SA, Al-Mulali U, Sahu PK
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Oct;24(29):23096-23113.
    PMID: 28828733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9950-0
    The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the globalisation (Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement in particular) on air pollution in Malaysia. To achieve this goal, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, Johansen cointegration test and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) methods are utilised. CO2 emission is used as an indicator of pollution while GDP per capita and urbanisation serve as its other determinants. In addition, this study uses Malaysia's total trade with 10 TPP members as an indicator of globalisation and analyse its effect on CO2 emission in Malaysia. The outcome of this research shows that the variables are cointegrated. Additionally, GDP per capita, urbanisation and trade between Malaysia and its 10 TPP partners have a positive impact on CO2 emissions in general. Based on the outcome of this research, important policy implications are provided for the investigated country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  12. Natural gas consumption, income, urbanization, and CO2 emissions in China and India
    Solarin SA, Lean HH
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Sep;23(18):18753-65.
    PMID: 27314422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7063-9
    The objective of this study is to examine the impact of natural gas consumption, output, and urbanization on CO2 emission in China and India for the period, 1965-2013. A cointegraton test, which provides for endogenously determined structural breaks, has been applied to examine the long-run relationship and to investigate the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in the two countries. The presence of causal relationship between the variables is also investigated. The findings show that there is a long-run relationship in the variables and natural gas, real GDP, and urbanization have long-run positive impact on emission in both countries. There is no evidence for EKC in China and India. The findings further suggest that there is a long-run feedback relationship between the variables. The policy inferences of these findings are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  13. Urbanization and energy consumption effects on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from Asian-8 countries using panel data analysis
    Abbasi MA, Parveen S, Khan S, Kamal MA
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2020 May;27(15):18029-18043.
    PMID: 32170610 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08262-w
    The developing world is facing pivotal challenges in recent times. Among these, global warming has ominous repercussions on every segment of society, thus tracing its underlying causes is imperative. This research attempts to investigate the impact of urbanization and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) for a panel of 8 Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) over the period 1982 to 2017. The analyses are executed using panel co-integration and Granger causality techniques. The main findings of panel co-integration reveal a long-run relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the results indicate a positive and significant impact of urbanization and energy consumption on CO2 emissions, indicating that urban development and high energy consumptions are barriers to improve environmental quality in the long run. The results also highlight bi-directional causality between energy consumption and urbanization, while unidirectional causality exists between energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Based on the obtained results, this study offers useful policy implications for plummeting carbon emissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  14. Assessment of impact of urbanisation on background radiation exposure and human health risk estimation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sanusi MSM, Ramli AT, Hassan WMSW, Lee MH, Izham A, Said MN, et al.
    Environ Int, 2017 07;104:91-101.
    PMID: 28412010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.009
    Kuala Lumpur has been undergoing rapid urbanisation process, mainly in infrastructure development. The opening of new township and residential in former tin mining areas, particularly in the heavy mineral- or tin-bearing alluvial soil in Kuala Lumpur, is a contentious subject in land-use regulation. Construction practices, i.e. reclamation and dredging in these areas are potential to enhance the radioactivity levels of soil and subsequently, increase the existing background gamma radiation levels. This situation is worsened with the utilisation of tin tailings as construction materials apart from unavoidable soil pollutions due to naturally occurring radioactive materials in construction materials, e.g. granitic aggregate, cement and red clay brick. This study was conducted to assess the urbanisation impacts on background gamma radiation in Kuala Lumpur. The study found that the mean value of measured dose rate was 251±6nGyh-1(156-392nGyh-1) and 4 times higher than the world average value. High radioactivity levels of238U (95±12Bqkg-1),232Th (191±23Bqkg-1,) and40K (727±130Bqkg-1) in soil were identified as the major source of high radiation exposure. Based on statistical ANOVA, t-test, and analyses of cumulative probability distribution, this study has statistically verified the dose enhancements in the background radiation. The effective dose was estimated to be 0.31±0.01mSvy-1per man. The recommended ICRP reference level (1-20mSvy-1) is applicable to the involved existing exposure situation in this study. The estimated effective dose in this study is lower than the ICRP reference level and too low to cause deterministic radiation effects. Nevertheless based on estimations of lifetime radiation exposure risks, this study found that there was small probability for individual in Kuala Lumpur being diagnosed with cancer and dying of cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
  15. Fulltext Can butterflies cope with city life? Butterfly diversity in a young megacity in southern China
    Sing KW, Dong H, Wang WZ, Wilson JJ
    Genome, 2016 Sep;59(9):751-61.
    PMID: 27314400 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0192
    During 30 years of unprecedented urbanization, plant diversity in Shenzhen, a young megacity in southern China, has increased dramatically. Although strongly associated with plant diversity, butterfly diversity generally declines with urbanization, but this has not been investigated in Shenzhen. Considering the speed of urbanization in Shenzhen and the large number of city parks, we investigated butterfly diversity in Shenzhen parks. We measured butterfly species richness in four microhabitats (groves, hedges, flowerbeds, and unmanaged areas) across 10 parks and examined the relationship with three park variables: park age, park size, and distance from the central business district. Butterflies were identified based on wing morphology and DNA barcoding. We collected 1933 butterflies belonging to 74 species from six families; 20% of the species were considered rare. Butterfly species richness showed weak negative correlations with park age and distance from the central business district, but the positive correlation with park size was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Among microhabitat types, highest species richness was recorded in unmanaged areas. Our findings are consistent with others in suggesting that to promote urban butterfly diversity it is necessary to make parks as large as possible and to set aside areas for limited management. In comparison to neighbouring cities, Shenzhen parks have high butterfly diversity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  16. Assessment of pollution and improvement measure of water quality parameters using scenarios modeling for sungai Selangor basin
    Md. Sadek Uddin Chowdhury, Faridah Othman, Wan Zurina Wan Jaafar, Nuzaima Che Mood, Md. Ibrahim Adham
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:457-469.
    Sungai Selangor is very important from the viewpoint of water supply and multipurpose water use in Malaysia. The
    water quality of this river is degrading due to point and non-point sources of pollution. This study, focus on the water
    quality assessment and simulation the effect of the pollution sources from urbanization to the Sungai Selangor basin.
    Water quality Index (WQI) is used to define the status of river water quality and the QUAL2K was used as a simulation
    model. Water quality parameters DO, BOD and NH3
    -N have been chosen for modeling. In addition, five different model
    scenarios were simulated to observe the impacts of pollution sources on the Sungai Selangor water quality. WQI results
    showed that most of the stations in this river basin recorded water inferior to Class III. The water quality model presented
    different scenarios for changes of Sungai Selangor water quality. Simulation results for different scenarios showed
    that reduced levels of BOD and NH3
    -N at 51.10% and 66.18%, respectively, can be obtained if Scenario-5 is employed.
    The river water quality issue in the Rawang sub- basin within the study area is considered crucial to create significant
    improvement within the sub basin and in the downstream area of Sungai Selangor basin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  17. Optimal implementation of low impact development for urban stormwater quantity and quality control using multi-objective optimization
    Rezaei AR, Ismail Z, Niksokhan MH, Dayarian MA, Ramli AH, Yusoff S
    Environ Monit Assess, 2021 Mar 31;193(4):241.
    PMID: 33791871 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09010-4
    Stormwater runoff is a major concern in urban areas which is mostly the result of vast urbanization. To reduce urban stormwater runoff and improve water quality, low impact development (LID) is used in urban areas. Therefore, it is vital to find the optimal combination of LID controls to achieve maximum reduction in both stormwater runoff and pollutants with optimal cost. In this study, a simulation-optimization model was developed by linking the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) using MATLAB. The coupled model could carry out multi-objective optimization (MOO) and find potential solutions to the optimization objectives using the SWMM simulation model outputs. The SWMM model was developed using data from the BUNUS catchment in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The total suspended solids (TSS) and total nitrogen (TN) were selected as pollutants to be used in the simulation model. Vegetated swale and rain garden were selected as LID controls for the study area. The LID controls were assigned to the model using the catchment characteristics. The target objectives were to minimize peak stormwater runoff, TSS, and TN with the minimum number of LID controls applications. The LID combination scenarios were also tested in SWMM to identify the best LID types and combination to achieve maximum reduction in both peak runoff and pollutants. This study found that the peak runoff, TSS, and TN were reduced by 13%, 38%, and 24%, respectively. The optimal number of LID controls that could be used at the BUNUS catchment area was also found to be 25.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  18. Fulltext Mathematical modelling of dengue pattern in Penang, Malaysia
    Norzaida Abas, Rafidah Mohd Shamsuddin, Noor Shazwani Osman, Syafrina Abd. Halim
    Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2017;37(1):9-15.
    MyJurnal
    Dengue fever is an endemic disease in many tropical and subtropical regions. In
    Malaysia, it is the leading public health challenge despite the extensive intervention
    programs by the related authorities. Distribution of dengue cases in Malaysia varies
    according to states and districts where cases are more distinct in urban and suburban
    areas. Preparedness strategies of dengue cases could be more successful with some
    comprehensive and technical analysis on disease incidences. Hence, the present study
    analyses dengue cases using mathematical modelling in the state of Penang, one of the
    more urbanised state. In particular, two time series models are fitted to the dengue
    data from the region in order to identify the mathematical model that best describe
    the data. Results show that both proposed models are able to represent the cases
    rather well; however numerical inspection revealed that Double Exponential
    Smoothing method is the better choice. Subsequently, the identified model is used to
    make forecasting on the number of expected cases. Results show that dengue cases in
    Penang are expected to increase gradually.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  19. Fulltext Green wall for retention of stormwater
    Mah, D.Y.S., Lau, J.T.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(1):283-298.
    MyJurnal
    Urbanisation increases the level of imperviousness in a catchment, and more runoff is converted from rainfall in urban areas. To mitigate this adverse situation, dispensed green infrastructure presents the best solution for delivering results in reducing stormwater impact. Green roofs and rain gardens are extensively studied and widely available in the literature, but this is not the case for green walls, which more often than not, are treated as ornaments. Thus, this study developed a computer-aided stormwater model that incorporates a green wall to investigate its effectiveness as an urban drainage system. The effectiveness of employing a green wall as a stormwater component is tested using USEPA SWMM 5.1 and the embedded bioretention cell interface. Four simulation models according to different conditions and precipitation input are tested, compared and discussed. The conditions include investigation of different soil types, average recurrence interval (ARI) and storm duration with design and observed rainfall. The results reveal that synthesis precipitation data, used in Scenario 1, 2 and 3, decreased runoff by more than half, at 55% on condition of one-year ARI and 5 minutes of storm duration. Meanwhile, Scenario 4 also shows a repetition of runoff reduction by half after the integration of the green wall using the observed rainfall data. Thus, it is verified that a green wall can be effectively used as an urban drainage system in reducing surface runoff.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
  20. Fulltext Problems in housing development plan approval
    Noni Harianti Junaidi, Dani Salleh
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(2):36-44.
    MyJurnal
    The practice of development planning does not empower the local authority to prepare a development
    plan, as planning and development control is under the jurisdiction of the State Planning Authority
    (SPA). Rapid growth in the housing sector shows a positive indicator towards urbanization in Sarawak.
    This study showed that the current centralised process is fair to all parties, for it ensures equilibrium in
    all areas. Beside that, the study also found that there is some confusion in the roles played by the
    involved parties. The study also identified few problems that often occur, among them complicated
    procedures, slow approval process, bureaucracy, and risks in planning and marketing. However, the
    practice of development planning is concerned with aspects quality and quantity so as not to burden the
    purchaser. The state government, through the SPA, controls the price of housing to ensure equilibrium
    and to avoid the occurrence of abandoned housing projects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
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