Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 91 in total

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  1. Fulltext Prevalence of pathogenic microorganims in ready-to-eat foods prepared at selected ‘high risk' school hostel kitchens and canteens in Pahang
    Jeyaletchumi, P., Ardi, A, Noraliza, M.A., Nurul Aini, I., Maizatul Akmar, H., Suraya, H., et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2006;6(1):23-28.
    MyJurnal
    Two hundred and sixty four samples of ready -to-eat foods (RTE) were obtained over a period of six months (April to September 2005) from 33 school hostel kitchens and canteens previously implicated in food poisoning outbreaks from 2000 to 2004. Sampling was done by food technologists and assistant environmental health ofhcers from various districts in Pahang while microbiological analysis was carried out at the Mentakab Food Quality Control Laboratory. The objective of the study was to obtain a comprehensive picture on the microbiological status of the foods that may have accounted for food poisoning outbreaks at school hostels and canteens in Pahang. Each food sample was analyzed for Total Plate Count (TPC), Salmonella, Coliform, Escheria coli, Staphylococcus aerus and Bacillus cereus. lt was found that none of the ready-to-eat foods sampled contained Salmonella although hve samples contained Bacillus cereus , four samples contained Staphylococcus aerus. High Coliform Counts were found in 15 food samples while Escheria coli was detected in two samples. Overall, it was found that 10.2 % of the samples had unsatisfactory counts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  2. Fulltext Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria, Salmonella, and Yersinia species isolates in ducks and geese
    Jamali H, Radmehr B, Ismail S
    Poult Sci, 2014 Apr;93(4):1023-30.
    PMID: 24706981 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03699
    The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria, Salmonella, and Yersinia spp. isolated from duck and goose intestinal contents. A total of 471 samples, including 291 duck and 180 goose intestinal contents, were purchased from wet markets between November 2008 and July 2010. Listeria, Salmonella, and Yersinia spp. were isolated from 58 (12.3%), 107 (22.7%), and 80 (17%) of the samples, respectively. It was concluded that Listeria ivanovii, Salmonella Thompson, and Yersinia enterocolitica were the predominant serovars among Listeria, Salmonella, and Yersinia spp., respectively. Moreover, resistance to tetracycline was common in Listeria (48.3%) and Salmonella spp. (63.6%), whereas 51.3% of the Yersinia spp. isolates were resistant to cephalothin. Therefore, continued surveillance of the prevalence of the pathogens and also of emerging antibiotic resistance is needed to render possible the recognition of foods that may represent risks and also ensure the effective treatment of listeriosis, salmonellosis, and yersiniosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology
  3. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes in ducks: a review
    Adzitey F, Huda N, Ali GR
    Foodborne Pathog Dis, 2012 Jun;9(6):498-505.
    PMID: 22571641 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1109
    Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes are important bacterial pathogens associated with gastroenteritis. The consumption of poultry meat and their products is considered as a major and leading source of human infection. While surveys of chicken meat and products, and its association with foodborne pathogens are widely available, such information on ducks is scarce. This survey examines the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter, Salmonella and L. monocytogenes isolated from ducks. Data obtained from key surveys are summarized. The observed prevalence of these pathogens and their resistance to various antibiotics varies from one study to the other. The mean prevalence (and range means from individual surveys) are duck 53.0% (0.0-83.3%), duck meat and parts 31.6% (12.5-45.8%), and duck rearing and processing environment 94.4% (92.0-96.7%) for Campylobacter spp. For Salmonella spp., the mean prevalence data are duck 19.9% (3.3-56.9%), duck meat and parts 28.4% (4.4-75.6%), duck egg, shell, and content 17.5% (0-4.17%), and duck rearing and processing environment 32.5% (10.5-82.6%). Studies on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes in ducks are by far very rare compared to Campylobacter and Salmonella, although ducks have been noted to be a potential source for these foodborne pathogens. From our survey, ducks were more frequently contaminated with Campylobacter than Salmonella. Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. also exhibited varying resistance to multiple antibiotics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/drug therapy; Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control
  4. Fulltext Presence of Bacillus cereus s.l. from ready-to-eat cereals (RTE) products in Sarawak
    Lesley, M.B., Velnetti, L., Kasing, A., Samuel, L., Yousr, A.N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(2):1031-1034.
    MyJurnal
    Bacillus cereus is a soil inhabitant gram positive bacterium, and is known to cause severe food poisoning. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the presence of Bacillus cereus s.l. from selected ready to eat cereals purchased randomly from local supermarkets in Kuching and Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. The result showed that four of the 30 food samples were detected to be contaminated by B. cereus s.l. . Our findings suggested that it is important for the public to be aware of the safety of RTE cereals consumption, as it is possible that B. cereus s.l. may be present in high count number and pose hazardous health effects to the consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  5. Fulltext Pre-enrichment effect on PCR Detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in artificially-contaminated raw chicken meat
    Mohd Afendy, A.T., Son, R.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(6):2571-2575.
    MyJurnal
    Salmonella remains to be a major foodborne pathogen for animals and humans and is the
    leading cause of foodborne infections and outbreaks in various countries. Salmonella Enteritidis
    is one of the most frequently isolated serotypes in poultry and poultry products from human
    food poisoning cases. It can cause mild to acute gastroenterititis as well as other common
    food poisoning symptoms when infection takes place in human. Nucleic acid amplification
    technologies such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a tool that is rapid and sensitive
    for detection of bacterial pathogen. We report the successful detection of S. Enteritidis by
    PCR in raw chicken meat artificially-contaminated with serial concentration of S. Enteritidis
    using crude DNA extracts as DNA template. PCR primers, ENT-F and ENT-R targeted on sdfI
    gene were used to amplify DNA region unique to S. Enteritidis with crude DNA extract of the
    samples, yielded product with the size of 303 bp. These primers were specific to S. Enteritidis
    when tested by in-silico simulation against genome database of targeted bacterial species and
    confirmed in PCR as amplification bands were observed with S. Typhimurium, S. Polarum and
    S. Gallinarum. The established PCR can detect as few as 9.4 X 101
    CFU/ml of inoculated S.
    Enteritidis concentration and proved that pre-enrichment effect have significant effect on PCR
    detection by increasing 1000-fold of the sensitivity limit compared to the non pre-enriched
    samples. The PCR technique indicated that it can be successfully coupled with pre-enrichment
    step to offer advantage in routine screening and surveillance of bacterial contamination in food
    samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  6. Fulltext Potential of fermented papaya beverage in the prevention of foodborne illness incidence
    Koh, S.P., Aziz, N., Sharifudin, S.A., Abdullah, R., Hamid, N.S.A., Sarip, J.
    Food Research, 2017;1(4):109-113.
    MyJurnal
    Foodborne illness is recognized as an emerging infectious disease. The incidence of foodborne
    infections is common and the majority cases are undiagnosed or unreported. Apart from some
    diarrhea or minor gastrointestinal problem, some foodborne pathogenic microbes may cause
    death, particularly to those people with weakened immune system. In this study, we have
    developed a new fermented papaya beverage using symbiotic culture of yeast and acetic acid
    bacteria under controlled biofermentation process. An in-vitro assessment of fermented papaya
    beverage against few foodborne pathogenic microorganism was conducted to determine
    its minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC>99). Three types of foodborne pathogen:
    Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 53648, Salmonella
    enterica serovar Enteritidis (isolated from infectious chicken) were selected. From minimum
    bactericidal concentration (MBC>99) assay, both fermented papaya pulp and leaves beverages
    have shown 100% killing rate against three selected foodborne pathogenic microbes. Inversely,
    non-fermented papaya pulp and leaves beverages indicated no inhibition at all. In fact, further
    dilution of fermented papaya pulp and leaves beverages demonstrated different degree of
    MBC>99 and brix value, but the pH value remained less than 3.5. These findings indicated
    the combination of soluble solid compounds presents in both fermented papaya beverage and
    product acidity play an important role in the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. The
    preliminary promising results of this work have shown that the great potential of fermented
    papaya beverages as a preventive measure to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  7. Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activity of aromatic Malaysian herb extracts against food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms
    Aziman N, Abdullah N, Noor ZM, Kamarudin WS, Zulkifli KS
    J Food Sci, 2014 Apr;79(4):M583-92.
    PMID: 24666004 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12419
    Preliminary phytochemical and flavonoid compounds of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of 6 aromatic Malaysian herbs were screened and quantified using Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). The herbal extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 10 food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms using disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of herbal extracts were determined. In the phytochemical screening process, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of P. hydropiper exhibited presence of all 7 tested phytochemical compounds. Among all herbal extracts, the aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against 7 tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with diameter ranging from 7.0 to 18.5 mm and 6.5 to 19 mm, respectively. The MIC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 18.75 to 175 mg/mL and 0.391 to 200 mg/mL, respectively while the MBC/MFC values for aqueous and ethanolic extracts ranged from 25 to 200 mg/mL and 3.125 to 50 mg/mL, respectively. Major types of bioactive compounds in aqueous P. hydropiper and E. elatior extracts were identified using RP-HPLC instrument. Flavonoids found in these plants were epi-catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The ability of aqueous Persicaria hydropiper (L.) H. Gross and Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm. extracts to inhibit the growth of bacteria is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential. Hence these herbal extracts may be used as natural preservative to improve the safety and shelf-life of food and pharmaceutical products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology*; Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control
  8. Perak, Malaysia, mass poisoning. Tale of the Nine Emperor Gods and rat tail noodles
    Cheng CT
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 1992 Sep;13(3):261-3.
    PMID: 1476136
    In October 1988, a series of food poisoning cases occurred in the State of Perak in Malaysia. Most of the victims were children. Ultimately 13 children between the ages of 2.5 and 11 years died. Epidemiological investigations showed that the probable source of the poison was Loh See Fun, a noodles in the shape of a rat's tail. All the deceased ate the noodles from one supplier. Clinical and pathological findings were similar in each case. Postmortem examination was performed in 11 cases. Toxicological examination on organs in 10 cases showed a high concentration of aflatoxin in tissues of the deceased. High levels of boric acid were excreted from most of the victims. Histological examination of the liver in these cases showed necrotic changes found in aflatoxin poisoning. Combination of the epidemiological, clinical, toxicological, and pathological findings pointed to the fact that there was a common toxin or toxins responsible for the deaths. These were thought to be a combination of boric acid and aflatoxin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology; Foodborne Diseases/mortality*; Foodborne Diseases/pathology
  9. Fulltext Paper review of factors, surveillance and burden of food borne disease outbreak in Malaysia
    Sharifa Ezat, W.P., Netty, D., Sangaran, G.
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(2):98-105.
    MyJurnal
    Food borne diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dysentery and food poisoning occur as the results of ingestion of foodstuffs contaminated with microorganisms or chemical. The true incidence of food borne disease in Malaysia is unknown, however the incidence is low ranging from 1.56 to 0.14 cases per 100,000 population and the food poisoning cases is on the rise as the evident by the incident rate of 62.47 cases per 100,000 population in 2008 and 36.17 in 2009. The rapid population growth and demographic shift toward ageing population, changing eating habit such as consumption of raw or lightly cooked food, long storage of such food, lack of education on basic rules of hygienic food preparation and food trading without appropriate microbiological safety procedure become contributing factors for food borne diseases. Food borne disease in Malaysia is in the rise and the direct and indirect cost management of FBD will become one of the most common issues to face by the government. The world is spending millions and millions in cost of treatment due to food borne diseases. The information on this paper was collected via findings of previous journals, data and statistics from the MOH of Malaysia and WHO websites. As a result, authors found that the prevention and management of the food borne disease outbreak needs to be addressed seriously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  10. Outbreak of Human Brucellosis from Consumption of Raw Goats' Milk in Penang, Malaysia
    Leong KN, Chow TS, Wong PS, Hamzah SH, Ahmad N, Ch'ng CC
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2015 Sep;93(3):539-41.
    PMID: 26055742 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0246
    We report the largest outbreak of brucellosis in Penang, Malaysia. Brucellosis is not endemic in this region. The index case was a 45-year-old goat farm owner presented with 3 weeks of fever, headache, severe lethargy, poor appetite, and excessive sweating. He claimed to have consumed unpasteurized goat's milk that he had also sold to the public. Tests were negative for tropical diseases (i.e., dengue fever, malaria, leptospirosis and scrub typhus) and blood culture showed no growth. Based on epidemiological clues, Brucella serology was ordered and returned positive. Over a period of 1 year, 79 patients who had consumed milk bought from the same farm were diagnosed with brucellosis. Two of these patients were workers on the farm. Four laboratory staff had also contracted the disease presumably through handling of the blood samples. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 53 days with a maximum duration of 210 days. A combination treatment of rifampin and doxycycline for 6 weeks was the first line of treatment in 90.5% of patients. One-third of the patients had sequelae after recovering and 21% had a relapse. We highlight the importance of Brucellosis as a differential diagnosis when a patient has unexplained chronic fever.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology; Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology*
  11. Fulltext Outbreak management during the worst flood disaster of 2006–2007 in Johore, Malaysia
    Arbaiah, O., Badrul, H.A.S., Marzukhi, M.I., Mohd Yusof, Badaruddin, M., Mohd Adam
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(3):111-118.
    MyJurnal
    Outbreak management in disaster has to be planned and implemented prior to, during and after the disaster is over. The risk of outbreaks following disaster is related to the size, health status and living conditions of the displaced population. The risk is increased due standing water in floods for vector borne diseases, overcrowding, inadequate water and sanitation and poor access to health care. The 2006-2007 flood in Johore resulted in 2 episodes of food poisoning and an outbreak of coxsackie A24 acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Only 19,667 (12.5%) of the 157,018 displaced persons suffered from communicable diseases which comprised of acute respiratory disease 7361(28%), skin infection 4241(19%), acute gastroenteritis 1872(8%) and conjunctivitis 589 (2%). The routine disease surveillance and environmental control were enhanced to cover the relief centers and flood areas. Risk assessment of communicable disease carried out resulted in prompt control measures and good coverage of preventive activities. In conclusion the Johore State Health Department has successfully manage the outbreaks during the major flood.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  12. Fulltext One hypervirulent clone, sequence type 283, accounts for a large proportion of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from humans and diseased tilapia in Southeast Asia
    Barkham T, Zadoks RN, Azmai MNA, Baker S, Bich VTN, Chalker V, et al.
    PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2019 06;13(6):e0007421.
    PMID: 31246981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007421
    BACKGROUND: In 2015, Singapore had the first and only reported foodborne outbreak of invasive disease caused by the group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae). Disease, predominantly septic arthritis and meningitis, was associated with sequence type (ST)283, acquired from eating raw farmed freshwater fish. Although GBS sepsis is well-described in neonates and older adults with co-morbidities, this outbreak affected non-pregnant and younger adults with fewer co-morbidities, suggesting greater virulence. Before 2015 ST283 had only been reported from twenty humans in Hong Kong and two in France, and from one fish in Thailand. We hypothesised that ST283 was causing region-wide infection in Southeast Asia.

    METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a literature review, whole genome sequencing on 145 GBS isolates collected from six Southeast Asian countries, and phylogenetic analysis on 7,468 GBS sequences including 227 variants of ST283 from humans and animals. Although almost absent outside Asia, ST283 was found in all invasive Asian collections analysed, from 1995 to 2017. It accounted for 29/38 (76%) human isolates in Lao PDR, 102/139 (73%) in Thailand, 4/13 (31%) in Vietnam, and 167/739 (23%) in Singapore. ST283 and its variants were found in 62/62 (100%) tilapia from 14 outbreak sites in Malaysia and Vietnam, in seven fish species in Singapore markets, and a diseased frog in China.

    CONCLUSIONS: GBS ST283 is widespread in Southeast Asia, where it accounts for a large proportion of bacteraemic GBS, and causes disease and economic loss in aquaculture. If human ST283 is fishborne, as in the Singapore outbreak, then GBS sepsis in Thailand and Lao PDR is predominantly a foodborne disease. However, whether transmission is from aquaculture to humans, or vice versa, or involves an unidentified reservoir remains unknown. Creation of cross-border collaborations in human and animal health are needed to complete the epidemiological picture.

    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology
  13. Fulltext Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in Fruit Juices from Local Stalls and Restaurant in Kuching, Sarawak
    CHAI SIAW YEW, CHAI SZE FAN, LESLEY MAURICE BILUNG, AHMAD SYATIR TAHAR, ROSDI KIRA
    Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. are capable of causing food-borne outbreaks and diseases in humans. This study aimed to quantify and detect the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium in fruit juices by utilizing Most Probable Number (MPN) in combination with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In this study, a total of 50 fruit juice samples, consisting of orange, papaya, watermelon, honeydew and apple were collected from Kota Samarahan and Kuching. Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay targeting the virulence gene, hlyA gene in L. monocytogenes and fliC gene in S. Typhimurium was performed, with the expected size of 730 bp and 559 bp, respectively. MPN analysis showed that the estimated microbial loads of Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. in all samples were more than 1100 MPN/g. However, based on the PCR analysis, none of the samples (0%) were positive for L. monocytogenes or S. Typhimurium. This study presented as a preliminary food safety screening for the occurrence of Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. from retailed fruit juices. Hygienic practices and food safety measures should be adhered by all food vendors and restaurants in order to avoid foodborne disease outbreaks in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  14. Nutritive value and toxicity of Sauropus androgynous
    Bender AE, Ismail KS
    Proc Nutr Soc, 1973 Sep;32(2):79A-80A.
    PMID: 4791076
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  15. Fulltext Molecular quantitation and characterization of Vibrio cholerae from different seafood obtained from wetmarket and supermarket
    Vengadesh, L., Son, R., Yoke-Kqueen, C.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):45-50.
    MyJurnal
    Vibrio cholerae still represents a significant threat to human health worldwide despite the advances in hygiene, consumer knowledge, food treatment and food processing. In Malaysia, statistics in year 2009 have shown that among the food and water borne diseases, food poisoning has the highest incidence rate of 36.17 per 100,000 populations and with a mortality rate of 0.01 per 100,000 populations. In this study, 22 seafood samples comprising of fish, squid, crustacean and mollusks purchased from wet market and supermarket were analyzed. The Most Probable Number (MPN) and real time PCR was used to enumerate the Vibrio cholerae in seafood sample. The results showed that MPN-real time PCR of the samples from wet market had a maximum of >1100 MPN/g compare to 93 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The MPN-real time PCR in the samples from supermarket indicated 290 MPN/g as compared to 240 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The standard curves showed that there was a good linear correlation between the Ct values. The minimum level of detection of Vibrio cholerae standard DNA at targeted gene was 3 x 10-5 ng/μl.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  16. Fulltext Molecular phylogenetic analysis of wild Tiger’s milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) collected from Pahang, Malaysia and its nutritional value and toxic metal content
    Lai WH, Loo SS, Rahmat N, Shaharuddin S, Daud F, Zamri Z, et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(5):2301-2307.
    MyJurnal
    Tiger’s Milk mushroom has been used for medicinal purposes by local aborigines to treat asthma, breast cancer, cough, fever and food poisoning. Molecular phylogenetic analysis utilizing RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit (RPB2) gene, identified the wild Tiger’s Milk mushrooms collected from the state of Pahang in Malaysia for this study as Lignosus rhinocerus in the order Polyporales. The tuber, stipe and pileus of this mushroom were analyzed for their basic nutritional composition (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and toxic metal content profile (Cadmium, Lead and Mercury). The moisture content of these mushroom parts varied from 32.22% (pileus) – 46.31% (stipe). The dry matter of the mushrooms contained 2.76% (stipe) – 6.60% (pileus) proteins, 0.21% (pileus) – 0.30% (tuber) fat, 1.76% (stipe) – 4.38% (tuber) ash and 38.47% (stipe) – 56.30% (pileus) carbohydrates. The toxic metal content of the mushroom samples ranged from 0.03–0.12 mg/kg for Cd, 0.80–1.94 mg/kg for Pb and 0.05–0.10 mg/kg for Hg. The present study demonstrated that L. rhinocerus is a potential source of food due to its high carbohydrate content. In addition, the trace levels of toxic metals in this mushroom are within the safe level for consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  17. Molecular analysis of Salmonella enteritidis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping
    Thong KL, Ngeow YF, Altwegg M, Navaratnam P, Pang T
    J Clin Microbiol, 1995 May;33(5):1070-4.
    PMID: 7615707
    A total of 61 isolates of Salmonella enteritidis were analyzed by the techniques of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping. Twenty-three of the isolates were from Zurich, Switzerland, and 38 isolates were from the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Five of the Malaysian isolates were hospital-related outbreak strains and were shown to be indistinguishable by PFGE analysis following digestion with three different restriction endonucleases, XbaI (5'-TCTAGA-3'), SpeI (5'-ACTAGT-3'), and AvrII (5'-CCTAGG-3'). The PFGE pattern of an isolate from a suspected carrier staff nurse was found to be identical to those of the hospital outbreak isolates. These isolates were also indistinguishable by ribotyping with SmaI and SphI. The same single PFGE pattern was also detected in 29 of 32 sporadic isolates of S. enteritidis. Four closely related ribotypes were detected among these 29 isolates. Similarly, outbreak-related strains from Switzerland showed close genetic identity by PFGE and ribotyping. Strains obtained from poultry showed more variations in their PFGE patterns and ribotypes, although the patterns were still closely related. In addition, SphI ribotypes A and D among the Swiss strains correlated with phage types 4 and 8, respectively. No correlation of phage types with PFGE pattern was noted. Both PFGE and ribotyping indicate that the S. enteritidis strains circulating in Malaysia and Switzerland are very similar and may be clonally related. Comparison of the PFGE patterns with the ribotypes for 23 Swiss and 16 Malaysian isolates showed that there was a 69% concordance in the grouping of isolates. We conclude that the close genetic similarity observed between epidemiologically unrelated and outbreak-related isolates of S. enteritidis suggests that both PFGE and ribotyping are of limited value in the epidemiological analysis of these particular isolates, possibly because of the highly clonal nature of pathogenic strains of S. enteritidis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology
  18. Microbiological quality of food contact surfaces (spoons) at selected restaurants in Klang Valley, Malaysia
    Naili Nahar, Nor Ainy Mahyudin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1541-1545.
    Food borne diseases increase worldwide and contamination of food contact surfaces serves as one of the reasons for their occurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of spoons at selected restaurants in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five restaurants were selected therein for the study. They were respectively labelled A, B, C, D and E. A total of 150 cleaned spoons (30 spoons from each restaurants) that were ready to be used by customers at the restaurants were examined. Total plate counts (CFU/cm2) of the spoons were determined; the presumptive and confirmatory tests for the presence of Escherichia coli on the spoons were also conducted. The samples were collected by surface swabbing. The result showed that restaurant C and B had the highest and lowest total plate counts (TPC), respectively. Samples from 3 of the 5 selected restaurants (restaurants C, D and E) showed positive results for the presence of E. coli mainly due to poor dishware cleansing. On the contrary, negative results for the presence of E. coli at restaurant A and B were associated with the advance cleaning procedure, which used more hygienic method with dishwashers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
  19. Mass poisoning in Perak, Malaysia or the Tale of the Nine Emperor Gods and rat tail noodles
    Chao TC, Maxwell SM, Lyen K, Wang D, Chia HK
    J Forensic Sci Soc, 1991 Apr-Jun;31(2):283-8.
    PMID: 1940842
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology*; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology; Foodborne Diseases/pathology
  20. Fulltext Level of Campylobacter jejuni from naturally contaminated chicken liver and chicken legs in various task: a cross contamination study
    New, C.Y., Wong, C.Y., Usha, M., Ubong, A., Son, R., Nakaguchi, Y., et al.
    Food Research, 2017;1(2):33-37.
    MyJurnal
    Cross contamination is one of the most important contributing factors in foodborne illness
    originating in household environments. The objective of this research was to determine the
    transfer between naturally contaminated chicken liver and leg to cutting board, hand glove,
    knife and cucumber, during slicing. The microorganism tested was Campylobacter jejuni and
    the results showed that the pathogen transferred to all utensils, at different transfer rate, despite
    the low level of the naturally contaminating pathogen. With unknown concentration bacteria in
    the naturally contaminated samples, a proportion of the utensils were still contaminated with C.
    jejuni and not surprisingly, when the sample were contaminated with higher concentrations of
    the pathogen, a higher proportion of the utensils had detectable C. jejuni cells present, though
    in many cases cross contamination seems to be a random event. Transfer of the naturally
    contaminating C. jejuni from the chicken liver and leg to the utensils were
    Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
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