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Fulltext Achieving sustainable soil and water protection: The perspective of agricultural water price regulation on environmental protection

Chou L, Dai J, Qian X, Karimipour A, Zheng X

Agric Water Manag, 2021 Feb 28;245:106583.
PMID: 33100487 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106583

With the development of Chinese economy, more and more attention has been paid to environmental protection, the implementation of water price policy affects economic and environmental changes in China. This paper analyzes the impact of water price policy on agricultural land use and the scale of water pollution discharge in 240 cities in China between 2001 and 2017, by including data from China Urban Statistical Yearbook and China Land & Resources Almanac. The theoretical analysis of this study indicates that the optimal scale of pollution depends on the local initial endowment, economic investment capital and the marginal cost of environmental pollution caused by government's economic activities. Furtherly, the economic activities have a worsening impact on environmental pollution, but when the government implements environmental protection and water price policy measures in response to environmental pollution caused by economic activities, it has a significant impact on the decline in the scale of pollution. The government has promoted the pollution suppression model in the formulation of water prices, which has internalized the external cost of pollution in economic activities and can effectively reduce the scale of agricultural water pollution discharge.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Evaluation of automated volumetric breast density software in comparison with visual assessments in an Asian population: A retrospective observational study

Rahmat K, Ab Mumin N, Ramli Hamid MT, Fadzli F, Ng WL, Muhammad Gowdh NF

Medicine (Baltimore), 2020 Sep 25;99(39):e22405.
PMID: 32991467 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022405

This study aims to compare Quantra, as an automated volumetric breast density (Vbd) tool, with visual assessment according to ACR BI-RADS density categories and to determine its potential usage in clinical practice.Five hundred randomly selected screening and diagnostic mammograms were included in this retrospective study. Three radiologists independently assigned qualitative ACR BI-RADS density categories to the mammograms. Quantra automatically calculates the volumetric density data into the system. The readers were blinded to the Quantra and other readers assessment. Inter-reader agreement and agreement between Quantra and each reader were tested. Region under the curve (ROC) analysis was performed to obtain the cut-off value to separate dense from a non-dense breast. Results with P value Asian population. We found 13.5% is the best cut-off value to stratify dense to non-dense breasts in our study population. Its application will provide an objective, consistent and reproducible results as well as aiding clinical decision-making on the need for supplementary breast ultrasound in our screening population.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Coping Strategies among Malaysian Women with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Lee YK, Praveena KA, Woo YL, Ng CJ

Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs, 2020 10 15;8(1):40-45.
PMID: 33426188 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon_38_20

Objective: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers among Malaysian women with high recurrence. Patients with recurrence are prone to emotional distress and are forced to cope with poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the coping strategies employed by women with recurrent ovarian cancer in Malaysia, a developing multicultural country in Asia.
Methods: This was a qualitative study with patients diagnosed with recurrent ovarian cancer and receiving chemotherapy at a hospital gynecologic day-care unit. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with patients to explore how they coped with recurrence of ovarian cancer. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.
Results: The participants' (n = 10) age range was 52-84 years, the three most common ethnic backgrounds were represented (Malay, Chinese, and Indian), and most of the patients were well educated. All patients were on chemotherapy. Six coping strategies were identified: (1) maintaining a mindset of hopefulness, (2) avoidance of information, (3) accepting their condition, (4) seeking spiritual help, (5) relying on family for support, and (6) coping with financial costs.
Conclusions: Coping strategies employed during ovarian cancer recurrence in this setting were rarely based on the accurate information appraisal, but rather on the individual emotion and personal beliefs.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance in a multiracial Asian population in Malaysia

Goh LH, Mohd Said R, Goh KL

JGH Open, 2018 Dec;2(6):307-310.
PMID: 30619942 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12089

Background and Aims: There have been few reports on lactase deficiency (LD) and lactose intolerance (LI) in Malaysia, which has a peculiar mix of three distinct major Asian races-Malay, Chinese, and Indian. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LD and LI in a young multiethnic Malaysian population.
Methods: Lactase activity was measured with a 13CO2 lactose breath test using an infrared spectrometer. Each subject took 25 g of lactose naturally enriched in 13CO2 together with 250 mL of water after an overnight fast. Breath samples were collected at baseline and at 15-min intervals for 180 min. Subjects were asked to report gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms following ingestion of the lactose test meal.
Results: Of the 248 subjects tested, 216 (87.1%) were lactase deficient. We found no significant differences in the presentation of LD between gender and races. LD was found in 87.5% of males and 86.8% of females (P = 0.975) and in different races: Chinese (88.5%) versus Malay (83.1%) (P = 0.399), Indian (90.5%) versus Malay (P = 0.295), and Chinese versus Indian (P = 0.902). LI was diagnosed in only 49 (19.8%) subjects; 35 patients had diarrhea, while the remainder had at least two other GI symptoms after the lactose meal.
Conclusion: The prevalence of LD was high in all three major ethnic groups-Malays, Chinese, and Indians. Ironically, the prevalence of LI was low overall.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Prevalence and correlates of self-reported depression in Malaysian patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Chow SK, Guan YK, Chong HY, Zainal NZ, Yeap SS

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2002;10(2):9-14.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of self-reported depression among Malaysian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to study the correlates and independent predictors for depression. Methods: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire wasused to assess depressive symptoms. Disease activity was determined by theduration of morning stiffness, visual analogue scale for pain and fatigue, numberof swollen/tender joint and the modified disease activity score (DAS). The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to assess the patients' functionalstatus. Results: Depression was recorded in 17.2% of the 93 patients. Painful joints(p<0.001), active disease (p<0.001) and poor joint function (p<0.001) correlatedsignificantly with depression. Poor functional status assessed by the HAO was themost significant Independent predictor for depression in RA patients, (OR=5.4,p=0.028). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression In this cohort of Asian RA patients was17.2%. Painful joints and functional disability were associated with a higherIncidence of depression. RA Patients with severe functional disability should beassessed for depression that may need to be treated Independently.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in different racial groups in Malaysia. A variant in a Filipino

Teng YS, Lie-Ingo LE

Hum Genet, 1977 Apr 15;36(2):231-4.
PMID: 870415

A rare electrophoretic variant of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was found in one Filipino of 146 Filipinos, 1382 Malaysians and 816 Indonesians examined. The variant consists of two usual bands and two slower migrating bands similar to those reported earlier. Superoxide dismutase variants are common among people of certain localized regions in Europe, however, this is the first report of such a variant occurring in people of non-European origin.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Quantifying the legacy of the Chinese Neolithic on the maternal genetic heritage of Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia

Brandão A, Eng KK, Rito T, Cavadas B, Bulbeck D, Gandini F, et al.

Hum Genet, 2016 Apr;135(4):363-76.
PMID: 26875094 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1640-3

There has been a long-standing debate concerning the extent to which the spread of Neolithic ceramics and Malay-Polynesian languages in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) were coupled to an agriculturally driven demic dispersal out of Taiwan 4000 years ago (4 ka). We previously addressed this question using founder analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences to identify major lineage clusters most likely to have dispersed from Taiwan into ISEA, proposing that the dispersal had a relatively minor impact on the extant genetic structure of ISEA, and that the role of agriculture in the expansion of the Austronesian languages was therefore likely to have been correspondingly minor. Here we test these conclusions by sequencing whole mtDNAs from across Taiwan and ISEA, using their higher chronological precision to resolve the overall proportion that participated in the "out-of-Taiwan" mid-Holocene dispersal as opposed to earlier, postglacial expansions in the Early Holocene. We show that, in total, about 20 % of mtDNA lineages in the modern ISEA pool result from the "out-of-Taiwan" dispersal, with most of the remainder signifying earlier processes, mainly due to sea-level rises after the Last Glacial Maximum. Notably, we show that every one of these founder clusters previously entered Taiwan from China, 6-7 ka, where rice-farming originated, and remained distinct from the indigenous Taiwanese population until after the subsequent dispersal into ISEA.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Facilitating Mindful Safety Practices among First Line Workers in Chinese Petroleum Industry through Safety Management Practices and Safety Motivation

Shi H, Mohamed Zainal SR

Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2021 Mar 11.
PMID: 33704011 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1902672

Petroleum Industry belongs to the high-risk industry and operates under the social technical system. Therefore, safety behavior of employees need to be paid high attention. Thus, six dimensions of safety management practices are identified as independent variables to predict a special component of common safety behavior-mindful safety practices in Chinese Petroleum Industry. HRO (High Reliability Organization) theory is adopted as the underpinning theory. 255 first line workers from a Chinese petroleum company participated in this survey. The results reveal that safety training and safety communication and feedbacks are positively related to safety motivation. Moreover, workers' involvement and safety promotion policy have direct and positive impacts on mindful safety practices. Further, safety motivation is found to play a mediating role in the prediction of mindful safety practices in Chinese Petroleum Industry. These findings give new insights for petroleum companies on how to promote mindful safety practices in the workplace.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext The prevalence of the duodenal ulcer promoting gene (dupA) in Helicobacter pylori isolates varies by ethnic group and is not universally associated with disease development: a case-control study

Schmidt HM, Andres S, Kaakoush NO, Engstrand L, Eriksson L, Goh KL, et al.

Gut Pathog, 2009;1(1):5.
PMID: 19338650 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-1-5

The putative H. pylori pathogenicity-associated factor dupA has been associated with IL-8 induction in vitro, and duodenal ulcer (DU) and gastric cancer (GC) development in certain populations, but this association is inconsistent between studies. We aimed to investigate dupA prevalence in clinical isolates from Sweden, Australia and from ethnic Chinese, Indians and Malays resident in Malaysia and Singapore and to examine the association with DU and GC. In addition we investigated the sequence diversity between isolates from these diverse groups and compared the level of IL-8 secretion in isolates possessing and lacking dupA.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext What Influences the Perceived Trust of a Voice-Enabled Smart Home System: An Empirical Study

Liu Y, Gan Y, Song Y, Liu J

Sensors (Basel), 2021 Mar 13;21(6).
PMID: 33805702 DOI: 10.3390/s21062037

Contemporarily, almost all the global IT giants have aimed at the smart home industry and made an active strategic business layout. As the early-stage and entry-level product of the voice-enabled smart home industry, the smart speakers have been going through rapid development and rising fierce market competition globally in recent years. China, one of the most populous and largest markets in the world, has tremendous business potential in the smart home industry. The market sales of smart speakers in China have gone through rapid growth in the past three years. However, the market penetration rate of related smart home devices and equipment still stays extremely low and far from mass adoption. Moreover, the market sales of smart speakers have also entered a significant slowdown and adjustment period since 2020. Chinese consumers have moved from early impulsive consumption to a rational consumption phase about this early-stage smart home product. Trust in the marketing field is considered an indispensable component of all business transactions, which plays a crucial role in adopting new technologies. This study explores the influencing factors of Chinese users' perceived trust in the voice-enabled smart home systems, uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the interaction mechanism between different variables, and establishes a perceived trust model through 475 valid samples. The model includes six variables: system quality, familiarity, subjective norm, technology optimism, perceived enjoyment, and perceived trust. The result shows that system quality is the essential influence factor that impacts all other variables and could significantly affect the perceived trust. Perceived enjoyment is the most direct influence variable affected by system quality, subjective norm, and technology optimism, and it positively affects the perceived trust in the end. The subjective norm is one of the most distinguishing variables for Chinese users, since China has a collectivist consumption culture. People always expect their behavior to meet social expectations and standards to avoid criticism and acquire social integration. Therefore, policy guidance, authoritative opinions, and people with important reference roles will significantly affect consumers' perceived trust and purchase intention. Familiarity and technology optimism are important influential factors that will have an indirect impact on the perceived trust. The related results of this study can help designers, practitioners, and researchers of the smart home industry produce products and services with higher perceived trust to improve consumers' adoption and acceptance so that the market penetration rate of related products and enterprises could be increased, and the maturity and development of the voice-enabled smart home industry could be promoted.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
How do Asians perceive Caucasian eyes? Electrophysiological correlates of perceiving racial differences from the eyes region of the face

Yong MH, Lim XL, Schaefer A

Neurosci Lett, 2020 02 16;720:134759.
PMID: 31952988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134759

Past research has found that several brain event-related potentials (ERPs) were sensitive to the perception of ethnic differences displayed on human faces. This body of research suggests that the phenomenon of "race perception" involves a cascade of cognitive processes that includes both automatic and overt attentional mechanisms. However, most of these studies used stimuli depicting whole faces rather than stimuli depicting separate facial features. Therefore, it is still largely unknown if ERP responses to racial differences are the result of a holistic processing of the whole face, or whether they can be accounted for by the perception of single facial features. To address this issue, we examined whether a single facial feature, the eyes region, can provide sufficient information to trigger known ERP correlates of race perception such as the P2, the N400 and the Late Positive Complex (LPC). Specifically, we showed pictures depicting only the eyes region of Caucasian and Asian faces to a sample of Asian participants. We found that the P2 was larger for other-race (OR) compared to same-race (SR) eyes, and that the N400 was larger for SR compared to OR eyes. The effects on the P2 may suggest an enhanced vigilance response to OR eyes whereas the N400 effect could reflect a signal of familiarity triggered by SR eyes. These results indicate that a specific facial feature, the eyes region, can account for known effects of race perception on early brain potentials. Our findings also indicate that well-known early neural correlates of race perception can be triggered in the absence of a holistic processing of the whole face.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Two New and Nontoxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from Chinese Southeast Coastal Waters

Chen XM, Pang JX, Huang CX, Lundholm N, Teng ST, Li A, et al.

J Phycol, 2021 Feb;57(1):335-344.
PMID: 33174223 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13101

To explore the species diversity and toxin profile of Pseudo-nitzschia, monoclonal strains were established from Chinese southeast coastal waters. The morphology was examined under light and transmission electron microscopy. The internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA was sequenced for phylogenetic analyses, and the secondary structure of ITS2 was predicted and compared among allied taxa. A combination of morphological and molecular data showed the presence of two new species, Pseudo-nitzschia hainanensis sp. nov. and Pseudo-nitzschia taiwanensis sp. nov. Pseudo-nitzschia hainanensis was characterized by a dumpy-lanceolate valve with slightly blunt apices and a central nodule, as well as striae comprising two rows of poroids. Pseudo-nitzschia taiwanensis was characterized by a slender-lanceolate valve, and striae comprising one row of split poroids. The poroid structure mainly comprised two sectors. Both taxa constituted their own monophyletic lineage in the phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS2 rDNA and were well differentiated from other Pseudo-nitzschia species. Morphologically, P. hainanensis and P. taiwanensis could be assigned to the Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima and the Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima complex, respectively. Particulate domoic acid was measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), but no detectable pDA was found. With the description of the two new species, the species diversity of genus Pseudo-nitzschia reaches 58 worldwide, among which 31 have been recorded from Chinese coastal waters.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Sequence and phylogeny of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Himalayan jungle crow (Corvidae: Corvus macrorhynchos intermedius) from Pakistan

Iqbal F, Ayub Q, Song BK, Wilson R, Fahim M, Rahman S

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour, 2019 Dec 18;5(1):348-350.
PMID: 33366551 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1704637

Corvus macrorhynchos formerly referred to as the jungle crow or the large-billed crow is a polytypic species with unresolved taxonomy, comprising various subspecies widespread across South, Southeast, and East Asia. In this study, we report the complete mitogenome of one of these subspecies, Corvus macrorhynchos intermedius (Himalaya crow), from Pakistan. The mitochondrial genome is circular, 16,927 bp and contains typical animal mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNA) and one non-coding region (D-loop) with a nucleotide content of A (30.6%), T (24.8%), G (14.8%), and C (29.8%). Phylogenetic analysis using the whole mitochondrial genome showed that C. m. intermedius and only reported subspecies Corvus macrorhynchos culminatus (Indian Jungle crow) are genetically distinct and it supports the recognition of the latter as a separate biospecies.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Patient's satisfaction with facial appearance and psycho-social wellness after orthognathic surgery among Hong Kong Chinese using the FACE-Q

Tan SK, Leung WK, Tang ATH, Zwahlen RA

J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2020 Dec;48(12):1106-1111.
PMID: 33041190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.09.012

PURPOSE: To assess and compare the changes in satisfaction with facial appearance and psycho-social well-being in dento-skeletal class II and III patients after orthognathic surgery with the FACE-Q among Hong Kong Chinese.
METHODS: The questionnaires for thirteen orthognathic-relevant FACE-Q scales, translated into Cantonese and validated, were administered to Hong Kong Chinese patients before and after orthognathic surgery in the short- and long-term, respectively. The assessed scales were categorized into four main domains: satisfaction with facial appearance, quality of life, patient's experience of care, and adverse effects.
RESULTS: Generally, highly significant (p

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Our venereal disease problem. Its origin and its cause. Part I. A retrospect.

Galloway D

Malayan Medical Journal, 1932;7:68-72.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
The comparison of basal physiological values in racial groups. Part 2. Erythrocytes, haemoglobin content & cell count

Macgregor RGS, Loh GL

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;4:385-404.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
First record of the lace bug genus Eritingis (Drake and Ruhoff) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Japan and Thailand

Souma J

Biodivers Data J, 2021;9:e63188.
PMID: 33958947 DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e63188

Background: The lace bug genus Eritingis Drake and Ruhoff, 1962 is widely distributed in the Australian and Oriental Regions, whereas only a single species, E. recentis (Drake and Poor, 1937), has been recorded from the Oriental Region. To date, E. recentis is known to occur in Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore and Vietnam, but has not been recorded from Japan and Thailand.
New information: Eritingis and E. recentis are recorded from Japan and Thailand for the first time.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Risk Factors Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Sabah: Study Protocol of a Case Control Study

Raja Muhammad Raja Omar

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):43-0.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is ranked as number fourth (5.2%) from all cancer and third (8.4%) most common cancer among male population. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysia mostly occurs among Chinese (49%), followed by natives of Sabah and Sarawak (28%) and Malay (22%). There were multiple researches done to determine the risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma and most of them from western pacific region. Prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Sabah in 2013 is about 106 cases while in 2012 is 75 cases. It shows almost 30% increment from previous year. A total of 53 patients were diagnosed NPC in 2013 from Kota Kinabalu locality and it contributes more than 50% from total prevalence NPC in 2013. NPC is common in local Sabahan, especially in Kadazan and Dusun ethnicity. In 2013, the youngest are 11 years old and the eldest are 84 years old. The upward trend of NPC cases in younger age group is worrisome for us. Thus it is very important to determine the risk factors associated with NPC and this would help the health provider and other stakeholders to do planning in prevention of NPC such as awareness programme or cancer screening for the target high risk group especially for Sabah population.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Fulltext Economic contribution and attitude towards alien freshwater ornamental fishes of pet store owners in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Saba AO, Ismail A, Zulkifli SZ, Shohaimi S, Azmai MNA

PeerJ, 2021;9:e10643.
PMID: 33520451 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10643

Malaysia is one of the top ten countries in the world that produce freshwater ornamental fishes. This industry can offer better livelihood opportunities to many poor households. However, most of the produced ornamental fishes are alien to Malaysia. In this study, we explore the contribution of alien freshwater fishes to the income of ornamental fish store owners and their attitude towards alien freshwater fishes within Klang Valley, Malaysia. Using a structured questionnaire, we surveyed 70 pet stores out of which 54 (81.42%) store owners responded. Most of the pet store owners were male (72%), Chinese (83%), and the highest educational level was at the secondary level (79%). Most of the pet store owners reported a monthly income of RM 2001-RM 5000 (78%) and were married (73%). Using Chi-square (χ2) test, significant relationships (p < 0.05) existed between the attitude of store owners towards alien ornamental fish species versus educational level (χ2 = 16.424, p = 0.007) and contribution of alien ornamental fishes to the pet store owners' income (χ2 = 27.266, p = 0.003). Fish sales as the main income source also related significantly with the impact of fish selling business on income level (χ2 = 10.448, p = 0.007). This study showed that the ornamental fish sales contributed over half of the income (51-100%) from the businesses of store owners. Almost half of the respondents (42%) reported that alien ornamental fish was the highest contributor to their income from the ornamental fish sale. While the mismanagement of alien ornamental fishes could give various negative ecological impacts, the socio-economic benefits of these fishes cannot be denied.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Oncological safety and postoperative complications in oncoplastic breast surgery among Asian women: A single institutional review

Teoh LY, Lai LL, Hanim Aa A, Teh MS, Jamaris S, Yahya A, et al.

Breast J, 2020 11;26(11):2208-2212.
PMID: 32996224 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.14060

Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) improves margin clearance and produces good esthetic outcome in breast cancer treatment. This study evaluates the complications and outcome of OBS in a multiracial patient cohort. Data of 421 patients between 2011 and 2018 were analyzed. The majority were Malays (41.8%), followed by Chinese (39.7%) and Indians (16.8%). Low local complications were noted, with no significant differences in disease-free survival (P = .927) and overall survival (P = .719) between low and high OBS levels. Shared decision-making in offering OBS for Asian women has potential to become a practical option in breast cancer treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Asian Continental Ancestry Group

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