Displaying publications 461 - 480 of 9183 in total

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  1. Coffee consumption and coronary artery calcium in young and middle-aged asymptomatic adults
    Choi Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho J, Rampal S, Zhang Y, et al.
    Heart, 2015 May;101(9):686-91.
    PMID: 25732752 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306663
    To investigate the association between regular coffee consumption and the prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a large sample of young and middle-aged asymptomatic men and women.
    Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology*; Republic of Korea/epidemiology; Vascular Calcification/epidemiology*
  2. Macroparasite communities in stray cat populations from urban cities in Peninsular Malaysia
    Mohd Zain SN, Sahimin N, Pal P, Lewis JW
    Vet Parasitol, 2013 Sep 23;196(3-4):469-77.
    PMID: 23664711 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.03.030
    The occurrence of macroparasites was studied from 543 stray cats in four urban cities from the west (Kuala Lumpur), east (Kuantan), north (Georgetown) and south (Malacca) of Peninsular Malaysia from May 2007 to August 2010. Five ectoparasites species were recovered namely, Ctenocephalides felis, Felicola subrostratus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Heterodoxus spiniger and Lynxacarus radovskyi. Two cats from Georgetown were infested with the dog louse, H. spiniger and this represented the first host record for this species in Malaysia. Up to nine species of helminths were recovered with overall high prevalences of infection of 83% in Kuantan, followed by 75.1% in Kuala Lumpur, 71.6% in Georgetown and 68% in Malacca. The helminth species comprised five nematodes, Toxocara malaysiensis, Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Physaloptera praeputialis, two cestodes Taenia taeniaeformis, Dipylidium caninum and one trematode, Playtnosomum fastosum. The majority of helminths were present in the four study sites except for the absence of P. praeputialis in Kuala Lumpur. The prevalence and abundance of infections were analysed taking intrinsic (host age and sex) and extrinsic (season) factors into consideration. Levels of infection and infestation were mainly influenced by host age and to a lesser extent sex and season, whereas four nematode species exhibited significant interactions within the intestine of the cat host. The potential for transmission of some macroparasite species from stray cats to the human population in urban areas is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cities/epidemiology; Malaysia/epidemiology; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology
  3. Trends in overweight and obese adults in Malaysia (1996-2009): a systematic review
    Khambalia AZ, Seen LS
    Obes Rev, 2010 Jun;11(6):403-12.
    PMID: 20233309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00728.x
    Like other nations experiencing rapid industrialization, urbanization and a nutrition transition, there is concern in Malaysia of a possible escalation in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. In 1996, the National Health and Morbidity Survey reported a 16.6% and 4.4% prevalence of overweight and obesity, respectively. In the following decade, there have been several national and community surveys on overweight and obesity in Malaysia. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the trend from 1996 to 2009 in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in Malaysia nationally and by gender, age and race. Results indicate that there has been a small rise in overweight adults in the years 1996, 2003 and 2006 (20.7%, 26.7% and 29.1%) and a much more dramatic increase in obesity in 1996, 2003, 2004 and 2006 (5.5%, 12.2%, 12.3% and 14.0%). Evidence showed a greater risk for overweight and obesity among women compared with men. Based on the highest-quality studies, overweight and obesity levels were highest among adults 40-59 years old. Overweight levels were highest among Indians, followed by Malays, Chinese and Aboriginals, with less consistency across studies on the order of risk or obesity by ethnicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology; Obesity/epidemiology*; Overweight/epidemiology*
  4. Fulltext Spectrum of thyroid lesions in hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over 11years and a review of thyroid cancers in Malaysia
    Othman NH, Omar E, Naing NN
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009;10(1):87-90.
    PMID: 19469631
    INTRODUCTION: Endemic goitre is a major concern in many nations including Malaysia. Seven states in the country have been identified by Ministry of Health of Malaysia to have high incidence of goitre and one of these is Kelantan.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study over an 11-year period from 1994 to 2004 on all thyroid specimens submitted to the Pathology Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), in Kelantan. Epidemiological data were retrieved from the patients' records and pathology findings from the pathology reports.

    RESULTS: During this period, Department of Pathology HUSM received a total of 1,486 thyroid specimens. The female to male ratio was 6:1 and the median age was 40.0 years. The duration of goitre ranged from one to 15 years. Histopathological examination showed 71.9 percent were non-neoplastic and 28.1 percent neoplastic lesions. The hospital-based incidence of nodular hyperplasia was 9.9 per 100,000 admitted patients per year. The hospital-based incidence of all types of malignant thyroid cancers was 3.5 per 100,000. The most common malignancy was papillary carcinoma 76.6 percent. The majority of the cancers (59.5 percent) occurred in a background of nodular hyperplasia. Thyroid cancers made up 4.9 percent of all cancers seen in HUSM.

    CONCLUSION: This study suggests that malignant thyroid lesions arising from multi-nodular goitre are high in a population living in an iodine-deficiency area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology; Thyroid Diseases/epidemiology*; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology*
  5. A modern African perspective on the role of the clinical nurse specialist
    Mapanga KG, Mapanga MB
    Clin Nurse Spec, 2008 Sep-Oct;22(5):226-30.
    PMID: 18753880 DOI: 10.1097/01.NUR.0000325367.54044.d5
    In Africa, there is an overwhelming and increasing prevalence of illnesses such as HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. This constitutes a "burden of disease" facing Africa. Nursing must evolve accordingly to the changing needs of clients, many of whom have chronic illnesses. In achieving desirable outcomes, it is essential to adopt and adapt the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role so that expert and specialist practice is available to clients in a cost-effective manner. The role of the CNS singles out clinical responsibilities in a hospital setting so that nurse administrators can concentrate on the provision of resources. A CNS position in the hospital structure would offer a clinical career pathway for advanced practice nurses who wish to remain "by-the-bedside." Regional initiatives are already beginning to show a need for master's-prepared, advanced practice nurses in the clinical areas so as to reduce maternal mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/epidemiology; Tuberculosis/epidemiology; HIV Infections/epidemiology
  6. [Chikungunya, La Réunion and Mayotte, 2005-2006: an epidemic without a story?]
    Flahault A, Aumont G, Boisson V, de Lamballerile X, Favier F, Fontenille D, et al.
    Sante Publique, 2007 May-Jun;19 Suppl 3:S165-95.
    PMID: 17929405
    Many triggering factors for onset of emerging infectious diseases are now recognised, such as: globalisation, demographic increase, population movements, international trade, urbanisation, forest destruction, climate changes, loss in biodiversity, and extreme life conditions such as poverty, famine and war. Epidemic burden is often leading to disasters, in terms of human losses, as well as economic, political or social consequences. These outbreaks may jeopardize within a few weeks or months, industry, trade, or tourism. While dengue and its most severe forms (hemorrhagic and shock syndrome) is spreading all over the tropical world, another arbovirosis, chikungunya disease dramatically spread in Indian Ocean islands where 30 to 75% of population were infected in 2005 and 2006, and then extended its progression towards India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives islands with more than a million people infected with the East-African strain, replacing the former Asian strain which was known to prevail more than 30 years ago in India. Patients experience sequelae with disability, work loss, and rarely severe outcome recently identified in La Réunion and Mayotte (French overseas territories). No country, no part of the world may consider itself as protected against such events. However, consequences of emerging or re-emerging diseases are more and more unacceptable when they impact the poorest countries of the world. Viruses, bacteria, as well as wild animals, birds, or arthropods are not stopped by borders. It is time now to promote barriers against infectious diseases, including prevention, anticipation, disease surveillance and research. This is not only for humanitarian reasons, but also for contributing to a sustainable development with equity for worldwide population. This report presents comprehensive actions taken in 2006 for tracing the epidemic and mobilise research, as requested to the task force set up by the Prime Minister by March 20, 2006.
    Matched MeSH terms: Comoros/epidemiology; Reunion/epidemiology; Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology*
  7. RSV and bronchiolitis
    Van Rostenberghe HL, Kew ST, Hanifah MJ
    Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed., 2006 Mar;91(2):F154.
    PMID: 16492958
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology*
  8. Changing trends of prostate cancer in Asia
    Pu YS, Chiang HS, Lin CC, Huang CY, Huang KH, Chen J
    Aging Male, 2004 Jun;7(2):120-32.
    PMID: 15672937
    Although Asian people have the lowest incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in the world, these rates have risen rapidly in the past two decades in most Asian countries. Prostate cancer has become one of the leading male cancers in some Asian countries. In 2000, the age-adjusted incidence was over 10 per 100000 men in Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines and Israel. Although some of the increases may result from enhanced detection, much of the increased incidence may be associated with westernization of the lifestyle, with increasing obesity and increased consumption of fat. The differences in incidences between native Americans and Asian immigrants are getting smaller, reflecting a possible improvement of diagnostic efforts and changes of environmental risk factors in Asian immigrants. Nevertheless, the huge variations in incidences among ethnic groups imply that there are important genetic risk factors. The stage distributions of prostate cancer in Asian populations are still unfavorable compared to those of Western developed countries. However, a trend towards diagnosing cancer with more favorable prognosis is seen in most Asian countries. Both genetic and environmental risk factors responsible for elevated risks in Asian people are being identified, which may help to reduce prostate cancer incidence in a chemopreventive setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology*; United States/epidemiology
  9. Breastfeeding prevalence and practices among Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian mothers
    Foo LL, Quek SJ, Ng SA, Lim MT, Deurenberg-Yap M
    Health Promot Int, 2005 Sep;20(3):229-37.
    PMID: 15814526
    The National Breastfeeding Survey 2001 was the first comprehensive study on breastfeeding conducted on a national level in Singapore. It aimed to establish the prevalence of breastfeeding among Chinese, Malay and Indian mothers and to identify factors influencing breastfeeding. A total of 2098 mothers were interviewed in this two-phase study, with the first interview conducted 2 months after delivery and the second interview 6 months after birth among mothers who were still breastfeeding at 2 months. Frequency distributions of breastfeeding prevalence and types of breastfeeding practices at different time intervals (from birth to 6 months) were produced. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to construct a model with predictive information on factors which influence continued breastfeeding till 2 months and 6 months after delivery respectively. The study found that about 94.5% of the mothers attempted breastfeeding. At 1 month, 71.6% were still breastfeeding, 49.6% continued to do so at 2 months, and 29.8% persisted till 4 months. By 6 months, the breastfeeding prevalence rate fell to 21.1%. The results of this study show higher breastfeeding prevalence rates compared to past studies in Singapore. Despite this, exclusive breastfeeding is still not a common practice. Various factors were found to be significant in influencing mothers' decision to breastfeed. Factors such as ethnicity, age, educational attainment, religion and baby's sex are non-modifiable in the short term or at an individual level. However, factors such as awareness of breastfeeding benefits, advice from health professionals and previous breastfeeding experience are potentially modifiable. Efforts aimed at promoting breastfeeding in Singapore need to take these modifiable factors into consideration so as to better tailor health promotion efforts on breastfeeding to women.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/epidemiology; Malaysia/epidemiology; Singapore/epidemiology
  10. A probable case of poliomyelitis imported to Malaysia
    Tay CG, Ong LC, Goh KJ, Rahmat K, Fong CY
    J Clin Neurosci, 2015 Dec;22(12):1994-5.
    PMID: 26254091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.07.001
    We report a previously well 10-month-old Somalian girl who acquired asymmetric lower limb weakness in July 2013 in Mogadishu, Banadir, before arriving in Malaysia at 12 months of age. In May 2013, there was a wild poliomyelitis outbreak in that area, as reported by the World Health Organization. Laboratory investigation, including cerebrospinal fluid, was unremarkable, and electrophysiological studies showed active axonal denervation in the left lower limb. The whole spine T2-weighted MRI revealed non-enhancing hyperintensities of the bilateral anterior horn cells, predominantly on the left side at T11-12. The viral isolations from two stool specimens at her presentation to our centre, 2 months after the onset of illness and 2 weeks apart, were negative. Despite lacking the acute virological evidence of poliomyelitis, in view of the girl's clinical, electrophysiological and classical spinal neuroradiological features, together with her temporal relationship with a World Health Organization reported wild poliomyelitis outbreak, we believe these findings are consistent with a diagnosis of imported poliomyelitis. A review at 30 months of age showed persistent left lower limb monoplegia with little recovery. Our patient reiterates the importance of maintaining awareness of wild polio importation, and keeping abreast of the latest news of global poliomyelitis outbreaks when treating patients with flaccid paralysis, even if they arrive from non-endemic poliomyelitis areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology; Poliomyelitis/epidemiology*; Somalia/epidemiology
  11. Fulltext Research priorities in epilepsy for the Asia-Oceanian region
    Kwan P, Cabral-Lim L, D'Souza W, Jain S, Lee BI, Liao W, et al.
    Epilepsia, 2015 May;56(5):667-73.
    PMID: 25823580 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12957
    The Asia-Oceanian region is the most populous region in the world. Although there has been substantial economic development and improvement in health services in recent years, epilepsy remains generally an underrecognized and understudied condition. To help promote research in the region, the Commission on Asian and Oceanian Affairs (CAOA) of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) appointed the Research Task Force (RTF) to facilitate the development of research priorities for the region. Research that focuses on issues that are unique or of particular importance in the Asia-Oceanian region is encouraged, and that captures the impact of the dynamic socioeconomic changes taking place in the region is emphasized. Based on these considerations, we propose research "dimensions" as priorities within the Asia-Oceanian region. These are studies (1) that would lead to fuller appreciation of the health burden of epilepsy, particularly the treatment gap; (2) that would lead to better understanding of the causes of epilepsy; (3) that would alleviate the psychosocial consequences of epilepsy; (4) that would develop better therapies and improved therapeutic outcomes; and (5) that would improve the research infrastructure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Epilepsy/epidemiology; Oceania/epidemiology
  12. Commentary: paramyxoviruses, pigs and abattoirs
    Bellini WJ
    Int J Epidemiol, 2001 Oct;30(5):1020-1.
    PMID: 11689514
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology; Occupational Diseases/epidemiology*; Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology*
  13. Fulltext Rabies raises its ugly head once more
    Lim KG
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):4-5.
    PMID: 10968129
    Matched MeSH terms: Dog Diseases/epidemiology*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Rabies/epidemiology*
  14. Seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus chest infection in the tropics
    Chan PW, Chew FT, Tan TN, Chua KB, Hooi PS
    Pediatr Pulmonol, 2002 Jul;34(1):47-51.
    PMID: 12112797 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.10095
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in young children. We determined if there was a seasonal variation in Malaysia in the incidence of RSV infection in young children admitted with LRTI, and possible associations of RSV infection with local meteorological parameters. A total of 5,691 children, aged less than 24 months and hospitalized with LRTI (i.e., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) between 1982-1997, were included in this study. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and examined for RSV by immunofluorescence, viral culture, or both. Seasonal variations were determined by analyzing the monthly RSV-positive isolation rate via time series analysis. Possible correlations with local meteorological parameters were also evaluated.RSV was isolated in 1,047 (18.4%) children. Seasonal variations in RSV infection rate were evident and peaked during the months of November, December, and January (test statistics [T] = 53.7, P < 0.001). This seasonal variation was evident for both bronchiolitis and pneumonia categories (T = 42.8 and 56.9, respectively, P < 0.001). The rate of RSV infection appeared to correlate with the monthly number of rain days (r = 0.26, P < 0.01), and inversely with the monthly mean temperature (r = -0.38, P < 0.001). In the tropics, seasonal variations in the incidence of RSV infection are evident, with an annual peak in November, December, and January. This information provides a guide for healthcare provisions and implementation of RSV prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology*; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology*
  15. The value of cytology in granulomatous mastitis: a report of 16 cases from Malaysia
    Yip CH, Jayaram G, Swain M
    Aust N Z J Surg, 2000 Feb;70(2):103-5.
    PMID: 10711470
    BACKGROUND: Granulomatous mastitis is a rare condition of the breast that can mimic a carcinoma. There are characteristic histological features, the most important of which is a predominantly lobular inflammatory process. It must be differentiated from known causes of granulomatous inflammation, such as tuberculosis.

    METHODS: In the present paper, the clinical and pathological features of 16 patients with granulomatous mastitis seen over a 3-year period in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, are described.

    RESULTS: A clinical suspicion of malignancy was present in 10 cases. One of the patients was nulliparous. One had an associated hyperprolactinaemia, while two had systemic lupus erythromatosis. One of the patients was pregnant at the time of presentation. Four patients had localized lumps excised, five were treated conservatively because the lesion was too extensive to resect, and seven patients required drainage procedures for abscess formation.

    CONCLUSION: Awareness of this condition is important because it mimics a carcinoma, and surgery may not be the best treatment for recurrent disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Granuloma/epidemiology; Malaysia/epidemiology; Mastitis/epidemiology
  16. Fulltext Blindness and visual impairment amongst rural Malays in Kuala Selangor, Selangor
    Zainal M, Masran L, Ropilah AR
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):46-50.
    PMID: 10968137
    A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness and its causes amongst the adult rural Malay population in the district of Kuala Selangor, Selangor. By simple random sampling 330 samples were selected for the study. All samples underwent complete ophthalmological examination. The crude prevalence of visual impairment and blindness were 0.7% and 5.6% respectively. Age was the most important factor associated with the prevalence; gender, level of education and level of income was not significantly related. Cataract was the commonest cause of visual impairment and blindness while diabetic retinopathy was the second important cause.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blindness/epidemiology*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Vision Disorders/epidemiology*
  17. Fulltext Cholera: a re-emerging infection
    Lim VKE
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):1-3.
    PMID: 11503284
    Matched MeSH terms: Cholera/epidemiology*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology*
  18. Present status of cancer treatment in several Asian countries
    Puribhat S
    Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 1992 Jul;19(8 Suppl):1153-9.
    PMID: 1514828
    Most of Asian Countries are still developing. Hence there are constraints in cancer treatment. There are those countries with fully equipped and fully distributed like western world such as Japan, Korea and Singapore. Other with some comprehensive cancer centers but confine to only big cities with poor coverage of the population resulting in a lot of late cases of cancer patients seen. Such countries are Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri-Lanka, Thailand and etc. Still a lot of countries have no facilities to cope with cancer patients such as Brunei, Kampuchea, Laos, Nepal, Vietnam and etc. International collaboration and supports are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Asia/epidemiology; Neoplasms/epidemiology; Thailand/epidemiology
  19. Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, Malaysia
    Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 1998 Jun 12;73(24):182-3.
    PMID: 9652206
    Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/epidemiology*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Severe Dengue/epidemiology
  20. Acquired platelet dysfunction with eosinophilia in white children
    Poon MC, Ng SC, Coppes MJ
    J Pediatr, 1995 Jun;126(6):959-61.
    PMID: 7776107
    Acquired platelet dysfunction associated with eosinophilia has been described mainly in indigenous Southeast Asian and East Indian children. We describe two white boys in whom this disorder developed after they had lived in Malaysia for 12 to 18 months. Acquired platelet dysfunction associated with eosinophilia should therefore be considered in children who, after a visit to this region, have easy bruising and esoinophilia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Platelet Disorders/epidemiology; Eosinophilia/epidemiology; Malaysia/epidemiology
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