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Novel Self-Directing Single-Polymer Jet Developing Layered-Like 3D Buckled Microfibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Navaneethan B, Vijayakumar GP, Ashang Luwang L, Karuppiah S, Jayarama Reddy V, Ramakrishna S, et al.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2021 Mar 03;13(8):9691-9701.
PMID: 33605136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22028

Electrospinning is a promising technique for the fabrication of bioscaffolds in tissue engineering applications. Pertaining issues of multiple polymer jets and bending instabilities result in random paths which lend poor controllability over scaffolds morphology for affecting the porosity and mechanical stability. The present study alleviates these challenges by demonstrating a novel self-directing single jet taking a specifically patterned path to deposit fibers into circular and uniform scaffolds without tuning any externally controlled parameters. High-speed camera observation revealed that the charge retention and dissipation on the collected fibers caused rapid autojet switching between the two jetting modes, namely, a microcantilever-like armed jet motion and a whipping motion, which sequentially expand the area and thickness of the scaffolds, respectively, in a layered-like fashion. The physical properties showed that the self-switching dual-jet modes generated multilayered microfibrous scaffolds (MFSs) with dual morphologies and varied fiber packing density, thereby establishing the gradient porosity and mechanical strength (through buckled fibers) in the scaffolds. In vitro studies showed that as-spun scaffolds are cell-permeable hierarchical 3D microporous structures enabling lateral cell seeding into multiple layers. The cell proliferation on days 6 and 9 increased 21% and 38% correspondingly on MFSs than on nanofibrous scaffolds (NFSs) done by conventional multijets electrospinning. Remarkably, this novel and single-step process is highly reproducible and tunable for developing fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Fulltext Focused surgical pandemic response in a Malaysian hybrid COVID-19 hospital

Roslani AC, Vythilingam G, Seevalingam KK, Xavier RG, Idris MS, Karuppiah R

Asian J Surg, 2021 Jan;44(1):404-406.
PMID: 33317901 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.10.012
Direct pyrolysis and ultrasound assisted preparation of N, S co-doped graphene/Fe3C nanocomposite as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions

Kohila Rani K, Karuppiah C, Wang SF, Alaswad SO, Sireesha P, Devasenathipathy R, et al.

Ultrason Sonochem, 2020 Sep;66:105111.
PMID: 32248043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105111

Bifunctional electrocatalysts to enable efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential for fabricating high performance metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Here, a defect rich nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene/iron carbide (NS-GR/Fe3C) nanocomposite as an electrocatalyst for ORR and OER is demonstrated. An ink of NS-GR/Fe3C is developed by homogeneously dispersing the catalyst in a Nafion containing solvent mixture using an ultrasonication bath (Model-DC150H; power - 150 W; frequency - 40 kHz). The ultrasonically prepared ink is used for preparing the electrode for electrochemical studies. In the case of ORR, the positive half-wave potential displayed by NS-GR/Fe3C is 0.859 V (vs. RHE) and for the OER, onset potential is 1.489 V (vs. RHE) with enhanced current density. The optimized NS-GR/Fe3C electrode exhibited excellent ORR/OER bifunctional activities, high methanol tolerance and excellent long-term cycling stability in an alkaline medium. The observed onset potential for NS-GR/Fe3C electrocatalyst is comparable with the commercial noble metal catalyst, thereby revealing one of the best low-cost alternative air-cathode catalysts for the energy conversion and storage application.
Evaluation of motorcyclist's discomfort during prolonged riding process with and without lumbar support

Karuppiah K, Salit MS, Ismail MY, Ismail N, Tamrin SB

An Acad Bras Cienc, 2012 Dec;84(4):1169-88.
PMID: 23207711

The primary aim of this study is to examine the effects of a backrest: using a prototype of a lumbar support presented in author's earlier study on the discomfort rating of the body parts of motorcyclist.
Novel PAX4 variant in a child and family with diabetes mellitus - case report and review of the literature

Lee YL, Ting TH, Lim CT, Arrumugam-Arthini C, Karuppiah T, Ling KH

J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 2023 Oct 26;36(10):988-992.
PMID: 37621150 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0171

OBJECTIVES: PAX4 (Paired box 4), a transcription factor crucial in pancreatic beta cell development and function, is a rare cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). What is new? A novel PAX4 variant is verified by family segregation study to be likely pathogenic. A child below 10 years of age diagnosed to have PAX4-MODY, differing from previously reported paediatric cases diagnosed in adolescence.
CASE PRESENTATION: A child with diabetes diagnosed at age 8 years, harbored a PAX4 variant, c.890G>A (p.Gly297Asp), initially classified as variant of uncertain significance. Eleven family members (7 adults and 4 children) with and without diabetes across 3 generations were genotyped. The variant co-segregated with diabetes or prediabetes across 3 generations of the family. The variant is reclassified as likely pathogenic according to standard guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: Genetic testing is essential to confirm PAX4-MODY as the presentation is variable even within the same family. PAX4 mutation needs to be considered in MODY genetic testing in Asian patients.
Effects of Consuming Repeatedly Heated Edible Oils on Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Review

Soundararajan P, Parthasarathy S, Sakthivelu M, Karuppiah KM, Velusamy P, Gopinath SCB, et al.

Curr Med Chem, 2023 Oct 18.
PMID: 37877148 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673250752230921090452

Edible oils are inevitable requisites in the human diet as they are enriched with essential fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids, sterols, and other antioxidants. Due to their nutritive value and commercial significance, edible oils have been used for food preparation for many centuries. The use of global consumption of edible oils has dramatically increased throughout the world in the 21st century owing to their incredible application in all kinds of food preparation. However, a variety of pollutants, such as pesticides, toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and environmental pollution, have contributed to the contamination of edible oils. Furthermore, the benzophenanthridine alkaloids, sanguinarine, dihydrosanguinarine, butter yellow, and other several agents are added intentionally, which are known to cause a number of human diseases. Apart from this, repeated heating and reusing of oils results in trans fats, and lipid peroxidation alters the fatty acid composition, which adversely affects the health of consumers and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the prevention of edible oil contamination in human health at various levels is inevitable to ensure consumer safety. Hence, the present review provides an overview of vegetable cooking oils and the health ailments that detection techniques are focused on.
Fulltext Supratentorial cerebrospinal fluid diversion using image-guided trigonal ventriculostomy during retrosigmoid craniotomy for cerebellopontine angle tumors

Roethlisberger M, Eberhard NE, Rychen J, Al-Zahid S, Jayapalan RR, Zweifel C, et al.

Front Surg, 2023;10:1198837.
PMID: 37288135 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1198837

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar contusion, swelling and herniation is frequently encoutered upon durotomy in patients undergoing retrosigmoid craniotomy for cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors, despite using standard methods to obtain adequate cerebellar relaxation.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report an alternative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-diversion method using image-guided ipsilateral trigonal ventriculostomy.
METHODS: Single-center retro- and prospective cohort study of n = 62 patients undergoing above-mentioned technique. Prior durotomy, CSF-diversion was performed to the point where the posterior fossa dura was visibly pulsatile. Outcome assessment consisted of the surgeon's intra- and postoperative clinical observations, and postoperative radiological imaging.
RESULTS: Fifty-two out of n = 62 (84%) cases were eligible for analysis. The surgeons consistently reported successful ventricular puncture and a pulsatile dura prior durotomy without cerebellar contusion, swelling or herniation through the dural incision in n = 51/52 (98%) cases. Forty-nine out of n = 52 (94%) catheters were placed correctly within the first attempt, with the majority of catheter tips (n = 50, 96%) located intraventricularly (grade 1 or 2). In n = 4/52 (8%) patients, postoperative imaging revealed evidence of a ventriculostomy-related hemorrhage (VRH) associated with an intracerebral hemorrhage [n = 2/52 (4%)] or an isolated intraventricular hemorrhage [n = 2/52 (4%)]. However, these hemorrhagic complications were not associated with neurological symptoms, surgical interventions or postoperative hydrocephalus. None of the evaluated patients demonstrated radiological signs of upward transtentorial herniation.
CONCLUSION: The method described above efficiently allows CSF-diversion prior durotomy to reduce cerebellar pressure during retrosigmoid approach for CPA tumors. However, there is an inherent risk of subclinical supratentorial hemorrhagic complications.
Cracking the code: uncovering the factors that drive COVID-19 standard operating procedures compliance among school management in Malaysia

Ahmad NS, Karuppiah K, Praveena SM, Ali NF, Ramdas M, Mohammad Yusof NAD

Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 04;14(1):556.
PMID: 38177620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49968-4

Malaysia's government's decision to reopen schools during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially for students taking important exams, has alarmed the public. However, the Ministry of Education has implemented a COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for educational institutions. The school management's ability to protect children from COVID-19 rests on their understanding, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 SOP compliance. This study investigated Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, and Putrajaya school management's COVID-19 SOP compliance determinants. Multistage sampling was used to sample 740 school management from Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor. A self-administered questionnaire collected sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle data, knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 SOP compliance. The school management had good knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 SOP. Monthly income, school location, smoking status, and physical activity differed significantly from KAP (p
Fulltext Assessment of heat stress contributing factors in the indoor environment among vulnerable populations in Klang Valley using principal component analysis (PCA)

Muhamad SN, How V, Lim FL, Md Akim A, Karuppiah K, Mohd Shabri NSA

Sci Rep, 2024 Jul 15;14(1):16265.
PMID: 39009671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67110-w

Rising global temperatures can lead to heat waves, which in turn can pose health risks to the community. However, a notable gap remains in highlighting the primary contributing factors that amplify heat-health risk among vulnerable populations. This study aims to evaluate the precedence of heat stress contributing factors in urban and rural vulnerable populations living in hot and humid tropical regions. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 108 respondents from urban and rural areas in Klang Valley, Malaysia, using a face-to-face interview and a validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the principal component analysis, categorizing factors into exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indicators. In urban areas, five principal components (PCs) explained 64.3% of variability, with primary factors being sensitivity (health morbidity, medicine intake, increased age), adaptive capacity (outdoor occupation type, lack of ceiling, longer residency duration), and exposure (lower ceiling height, increased building age). In rural, five PCs explained 71.5% of variability, with primary factors being exposure (lack of ceiling, high thermal conductivity roof material, increased building age, shorter residency duration), sensitivity (health morbidity, medicine intake, increased age), and adaptive capacity (female, non-smoking, higher BMI). The order of heat-health vulnerability indicators was sensitivity > adaptive capacity > exposure for urban areas, and exposure > sensitivity > adaptive capacity for rural areas. This study demonstrated a different pattern of leading contributors to heat stress between urban and rural vulnerable populations.
Association between physiological responses and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions in the vulnerable populations of Kuala Lumpur

Muhamad SN, Lim FL, Md Akim A, Karuppiah K, Mohd Shabri NSA, How V

Int J Environ Health Res, 2024 Apr 14.
PMID: 38616509 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2340125

Continued heat exposure can cause physiological and cellular responses. This study investigated the association between physiological responses and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expressions in Kuala Lumpur's urban vulnerable population. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 54 participants from four areas classified as experiencing moderate to strong heat stress. Physiological measurements included core body temperature, heart rate, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure. RT-qPCR and ELISA were also performed on blood samples to assess HSP70 gene and protein expressions. Despite indoor heat stress, participants maintained normal physiological parameters while there were significant indications of HSP70 expression at both the gene and protein levels. However, our study found no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between physiological responses and HSP70 expressions. This study shows no interaction between physiological responses and HSP70 expressions in the study population, revealing the complex mechanisms of indoor heat stress in vulnerable individuals.
Injecting realism in surgical training-initial simulation experience with custom 3D models

Waran V, Narayanan V, Karuppiah R, Pancharatnam D, Chandran H, Raman R, et al.

J Surg Educ, 2014 Mar-Apr;71(2):193-7.
PMID: 24602709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.08.010

The traditionally accepted form of training is direct supervision by an expert; however, modern trends in medicine have made this progressively more difficult to achieve. A 3-dimensional printer makes it possible to convert patients imaging data into accurate models, thus allowing the possibility to reproduce models with pathology. This enables a large number of trainees to be trained simultaneously using realistic models simulating actual neurosurgical procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of these models in training surgeons to perform standard procedures that require complex techniques and equipment.
Facile fabrication of thin metal oxide films on porous carbon for high density charge storage

Vijayan BL, Misnon II, Anil Kumar GM, Miyajima K, Reddy MV, Zaghib K, et al.

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2020 Mar 07;562:567-577.
PMID: 31780115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.077

In an effort to minimize the usage of non-renewable materials and to enhance the functionality of the renewable materials, we have developed thin metal oxide coated porous carbon derived from a highly abundant non-edible bio resource, i.e., palm kernel shell, using a one-step activation-coating procedure and demonstrated their superiority as a supercapacitive energy storage electrode. In a typical experiment, an optimized composition contained ~10 wt% of Mn2O3 on activated carbon (AC); a supercapacitor electrode fabricated using this electrode showed higher rate capability and more than twice specific capacitance than pure carbon electrode and could be cycled over 5000 cycles without any appreciable capacity loss in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. A symmetric supercapacitor prototype developed using the optimum electrode showed nearly four times higher energy density than the pure carbon owing to the enhancements in voltage window and capacitance. A lithium ion capacitor fabricated in half-cell configuration using 1 M LiPF6 electrolyte showed larger voltage window, superior capacitance and rate capability in the ~10 wt% Mn2O3 @AC than the pure analogue. These results demonstrate that the current protocol allows fabrication of superior charge storing electrodes using renewable materials functionalized by minimum quantity of earthborn materials.
Fulltext MoO3 Nanoparticle Coatings on High-Voltage 5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Materials for Improving Lithium-Ion Battery Performance

Wu ZH, Shih JY, Li YJ, Tsai YD, Hung TF, Karuppiah C, et al.

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2022 Jan 26;12(3).
PMID: 35159754 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030409

To reduce surface contamination and increase battery life, MoO3 nanoparticles were coated with a high-voltage (5 V) LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode material by in-situ method during the high-temperature annealing process. To avoid charging by more than 5 V, we also developed a system based on anode-limited full-cell with a negative/positive electrode (N/P) ratio of 0.9. The pristine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 was initially prepared by high-energy ball-mill with a solid-state reaction, followed by a precipitation reaction with a molybdenum precursor for the MoO3 coating. The typical structural and electrochemical behaviors of the materials were clearly investigated and reported. The results revealed that a sample of 2 wt.% MoO3-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode exhibited an optimal electrochemical activity, indicating that the MoO3 nanoparticle coating layers considerably enhanced the high-rate charge-discharge profiles and cycle life performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with a negligible capacity decay. The 2 wt.% MoO3-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode could achieve high specific discharge capacities of 131 and 124 mAh g-1 at the rates of 1 and 10 C, respectively. In particular, the 2 wt.% MoO3-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 electrode retained its specific capacity (87 mAh g-1) of 80.1% after 500 cycles at a rate of 10 C. The Li4Ti5O12/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 full cell based on the electrochemical-cell (EL-cell) configuration was successfully assembled and tested, exhibiting excellent cycling retention of 93.4% at a 1 C rate for 100 cycles. The results suggest that the MoO3 nano-coating layer could effectively reduce side reactions at the interface of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode and the electrolyte, thus improving the electrochemical performance of the battery system.
Fulltext Mobile outdoor air wireless sensor network for exposure monitoring among traffic policeman: a review

Putri Anis Syahira M. J., Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, How, Vivian, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(103):128-130.
MyJurnal

The effects of poor air quality are a serious issue in urban areas, wherever most people live and work. Precise moni- toring of air quality in real-time is crucial to enable prompt and fitting resolutions for outdoor workers and the public. This study is meant to provide information and to understand current knowledge on the use of mobile wireless sensor network for outdoor air pollution assessments and monitoring. A search of the literature was carried out using an appropriate query for the search of papers across various databases. Majority of the previous studies researched have reported that mobile wireless sensors are versatile and could be applied in exposure assessments and monitoring of outdoor air quality. The reviewed articles proved that mobile wireless sensors are a practical device that can effec- tively detect air pollution and will facilitate to boost the protection of the community, personal health care as well as environmental monitoring.
Fulltext Respiratory effects of exposure to high levels of particulate among Malaysian traffic police

Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil, Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, Nurul Maizura Hashim, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Vivien How, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(204):136-140.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Malaysian traffic police are always working on the public roads to alleviate traffic congestion and therefore exposed them to the polluted air every day. In particular, polluted air containing PM2.5 is dangerous to their respiratory health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to bronchitis, lung cancer and many more. Hence, this research examined the relationship of personal exposure level to PM2.5 with respiratory symptoms among traffic policemen in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: 134 participants among traffic policemen were agreed to participate in this study. They were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the sociodemographic back- ground and respiratory health information. The questionnaire was adopted from International Union Against Tuber- culosis Lung Diseases (1986). Personal exposure level of PM2.5 was measured using an air pump with 5.0µm pore size PVC filter. Results: The mean exposure level of PM2.5 among traffic policemen was 28.69 µg/m3. It was found that some of them possess respiratory symptoms (Coughing 33.6%, Phlegm 25.4%, Wheezing 14.9% and Shortness of breath 32.1%). There was significant association detected at p-value < 0.05 in coughing. Despite, there was no significant association in other symptoms such as phlegm, wheezing and shortness of breath. Conclusions: Traffic police were exposed to a relatively high level of PM2.5 (12.4 µg/m3 to 55.3 µg/m3) and showed symptoms of respi- ratory effects. Therefore, recognition of the risks connected with occupational lung disease and exposure monitoring must be a high priority. This baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as required by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).
Fulltext Likert scale vs. Visual Analogue Scale on vehicle seat discomfort questionnaire: a review

Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil, Nurul Maizura Hashim, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(204):159-164.
MyJurnal

Discomfort measurement has usually been attempted by asking the participants to rate the scale of their discomfort which commonly termed as a subjective scale. Various studies had conducted the discomfort level on vehicle seat by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Likert scale. VAS is a tool that use to measure a discomfort or characteristics in range across a continuum of values. Meanwhile, Likert-scale is a tool consist of items that require respondents to rate their degrees of comfort or discomfort with various declarative statements. Thus, the purpose of this study is to review, discuss and compare between the VAS and Likert scale used on the development and assessment of sitting discomfort survey in seat vehicles. The literature on various topics related to questionnaire development on discomfort in seat vehicle were collected from electronic databases. Four high-quality studies were eligible and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, there is no evidence and conclusion that neither visual analogue scale nor Likert scale are better to one another. Therefore, it can be concluded that either of this scale still applicable for the ergonomic research application as both of this scale have their own pros and cons.
Fulltext Respiratory symptons prevalence among traffic policemen in Malaysia

Putri Anis Syahira Mohamad Jamil, Karmegam Karuppiah, Irniza Rasdi, Shamsul Bahri Mohd Tamrin, Sivasankar Sambasivam, Nur Athirah Diyana Mohammad Yusof, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-5.
MyJurnal

Traffic policemen are exposed to polluted air for a long time in high concentrations since they are working outside for most of the time which is bad for their health. Hence, this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among traffic police in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: A pulmonary function test using spirometer was used to measure the pulmonary function of subjects. A questionnaire on respiratory symptoms translated version from IUALTD was used. The questionnaire includes background data, occupational and health history. Results: The traffic policemen were determined as having lower lung function parameters; low FVC% predicted (89.6%) and low FEV1% predicted (94%) due to their nature of work and the environment. Coughing was present at the highest (33.6%) among them, whereas wheezing was found the least (15.7%) of the workers. Conclusions: Findings from this study, indicated that there is a development of respiratory diseases and deterioration of lung function among traffic policemen. These baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as they are not covered by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).
Differentially expressed proteins in ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA- MB-231 human breast cancer cells by RhoGDI-α silencing and overexpression

Hooshmand S, Ghaderi A, Yusoff K, Thilakavathy K, Rosli R, Mojtahedi Z

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(7):3311-7.
PMID: 24815488

BACKGROUND: The consequence of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) activity on migration and invasion of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer cells has not been studied using the proteomic approach. Changes in expression of RhoGDIα and other proteins interacting directly or indirectly with RhoGDIα in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, with different metastatic potentials is of particular interest.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cell lines were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and spots of interest were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of- flight/time- of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after downregulation of RhoGDIα using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and upregulated using GFP-tagged ORF clone of RhoGDIα.
RESULTS: The results showed a total of 35 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in these cells. Here we identifed 9 and 15 proteins differentially expressed with silencing of RhoGDIα in MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In addition, 10 proteins were differentially expressed in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MCF7, while only one protein was identified in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MDA-MB-231. Based on the biological functions of these proteins, the results revealed that proteins involved in cell migration are more strongly altered with RhoGDI-α activity. Although several of these proteins have been previously indicated in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells, some ohave not been previously reported to be involved in breast cancer migration. Hence, these proteins may serve as useful candidate biomarkers for tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells.
CONCLUSIONS: Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate cell migration. The combination of RhoGDIα with other potential biomarkers may be a more promising approach in the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.
Psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-M) among type 2 diabetic patients

Abdulameer SA, Syed Sulaiman SA, Hassali MA, Sahib MN, Subramaniam K

Int J Rheum Dis, 2014 Jan;17(1):93-105.
PMID: 24472272 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185X.12104

The aims of this study were to translate and examine the psychometric properties of the Malaysian version of the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS-M) among type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) and to assess the correlation between osteoporosis knowledge, health belief and self-efficacy scales, as well as assess the osteoporosis risk in the sample population using quantitative ultrasound measurement (QUS).
Fulltext Osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: what do we know, and what we can do?

Abdulameer SA, Sulaiman SA, Hassali MA, Subramaniam K, Sahib MN

Patient Prefer Adherence, 2012;6:435-48.
PMID: 22791981 DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S32745

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pandemic and chronic metabolic disorder with substantial morbidity and mortality. In addition, osteoporosis (OP) is a silent disease with a harmful impact on morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the relationship between OP and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Systematic reviews of full-length articles published in English from January 1950 to October 2010 were identified in PubMed and other available electronic databases on the Universiti Sains Malaysia Library Database. The following keywords were used for the search: T2DM, OP, bone mass, skeletal. Studies of more than 50 patients with T2DM were included. Forty-seven studies were identified. The majority of articles (26) showed increased bone mineral density (BMD), while 13 articles revealed decreased BMD; moreover, eight articles revealed normal or no difference in bone mass. There were conflicting results concerning the influence of T2DM on BMD in association with gender, glycemic control, and body mass index. However, patients with T2DM display an increased fracture risk despite a higher BMD, which is mainly attributable to the increased risk of falling. As a conclusion, screening, identification, and prevention of potential risk factors for OP in T2DM patients are crucial and important in terms of preserving a good quality of life in diabetic patients and decreasing the risk of fracture. Patients with T2DM may additionally benefit from early visual assessment, regular exercise to improve muscle strength and balance, and specific measures for preventing falls. Patient education about an adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and regular exercise is important for improving muscle strength and balance. Furthermore, adequate glycemic control and the prevention of diabetic complications are the starting point of therapy in diabetic patients.

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