Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 90 in total

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  1. Fulltext Modulation of immune response by nanoparticle-based immunotherapy against food allergens
    Krishna SS, Farhana SA, T P A, Hussain SM, Viswanad V, Nasr MH, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1229667.
    PMID: 37744376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229667
    The increasing prevalence of food allergies worldwide and the subsequent life-threatening anaphylactic reactions often have sparse treatment options, providing only symptomatic relief. Great strides have been made in research and in clinics in recent years to offer novel therapies for the treatment of allergic disorders. However, current allergen immunotherapy has its own shortcomings in terms of long-term efficacy and safety, due to the local side effects and the possibility of anaphylaxis. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is an established therapy in treating allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, and allergic conjunctivitis. It acts through the downregulation of T cell, and IgE-mediated reactions, as well as desensitization, a process of food tolerance without any allergic events. This would result in a protective reaction that lasts for approximately 3 years, even after the withdrawal of therapy. Furthermore, allergen-specific immunotherapy also exploits several routes such as oral, sublingual, and epicutaneous immunotherapy. As the safety and efficacy of allergen immunotherapy are still under research, the exploration of newer routes such as intra-lymphatic immunotherapy would address unfulfilled needs. In addition, the existence of nanoparticles can be exploited immensely in allergen immunotherapy, which would lead to safer and efficacious therapy. This manuscript highlights a novel drug delivery method for allergen-specific immunotherapy that involves the administration of specific allergens to the patients in gradual increasing doses, to induce desensitization and tolerance, as well as emphasizing different routes of administration, mechanism, and the application of nanoparticles in allergen-specific immunotherapy.
  2. Fulltext Corrigendum: Modulation of immune response by nanoparticle-based immunotherapy against food allergens
    Krishna SS, Farhana SA, T P A, Hussain SM, Viswanad V, Nasr MH, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2023;14:1332906.
    PMID: 38124738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332906
    [This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229667.].
  3. Fulltext Karyotype pattern and maternal age distribution in down syndrome patients analyzed at Human Genome Centre, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan
    Siti Mariam I, Suhaida MA, Tarmizi AB, Norhasimah M, Nor Atifah MA, Kannan, T. P., et al.
    Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2006;12(1):6-9.
    MyJurnal
    Down Syndrome (DS), is a complex genetic disease resulting from the presence of 3 copies of chromosome 21. It is the most common autosomal abnormality among live births and the most commonly recognized genetic cause of mental retardation. The only well established risk factor for DS is advanced maternal age. The Human Genome Center , University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan has been carrying out cytogenetic studies in DS patients. Here we, report the karyotype pattern of Down Syndrome patients in correlation with maternal age, among referral cases to our Center.
  4. Fulltext Association between EGF and VEGF functional polymorphisms and sporadic colorectal cancer in the Malaysian population
    Lau TP, Roslani AC, Lian LH, Lee PC, Hilmi I, Goh KL, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2014;13(3):5555-61.
    PMID: 25117311 DOI: 10.4238/2014.July.25.9
    Growth factors are polypeptides that are critical for the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Most tumor cells are capable of synthesizing particular growth factors leading to constitutive pathway activation in these cells through autocrine signaling. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogenic peptide that exerts direct effects on the proliferation and differentiation of tumor cells in carcinogenesis. By contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is vital for the invasion and metastasis of neoplasms through the formation of new blood vessels from mature endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated the association between functional polymorphisms of both the EGF and VEGF genes and colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. A total of 130 CRC patients and 212 healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. Genotyping of genetic variants was conducted via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with allele-specific TaqMan probes. None of the genotypes of the EGF +61 A>G and VEGF +936 C>T variants was significantly associated with CRC susceptibility among the Malaysian subjects evaluated (P > 0.05). The observed frequency distributions of the EGF +61 A>G polymorphism genotypes showed ethnic heterogeneity, which was not the case for the VEGF +936 C>T genotypes. In conclusion, no positive correlation between these functional polymorphisms and CRC risk was found in this Malaysian population. Studies of the EGF and VEGF genes and CRC susceptibility are scarce, and the results reported thus far differ from one population to another. Hence, more replication studies are warranted before any firm conclusions can be made.
  5. Fulltext NOD2/CARD15 variants in Malaysian patients with sporadic colorectal cancer
    Lau TP, Roslani AC, Lian LH, Lee PC, Hilmi I, Goh KL, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2014;13(3):7079-85.
    PMID: 24682985 DOI: 10.4238/2014.March.19.3
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer in both developed and developing countries. This disease is triggered by and progresses via the sequential accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. In addition, the interaction between low-penetrance genes and environmental factors can also increase the risk of developing CRC. Since inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are one of the predisposing factors for CRC, IBD-related genes might, to a certain extent, be associated with cancer initiation. The nucleotide oligomerization domain 2/caspase activating recruitment domain 15 gene (NOD2/CARD15) is the most well-established gene to be associated with increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Thus, various studies have been performed to investigate the potential contribution of this gene to CRC risk. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg, 3020insC, Pro268Ser, and JW1 variants of NOD2/CARD15, and to investigate their association with CRC susceptibility. A total of 130 CRC patients and 212 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Subsequently, real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan was performed for the genotyping of these NOD2/ CARD15 variants. None of the NOD2/CARD15 variants was statistically associated to CRC susceptibility in our Malaysian population. Our findings were remarkably similar to those of other Asian cohorts, which indicated that these NOD2/CARD15 variants exhibit genetic heterogeneity between Caucasian and Asian populations.
  6. Fulltext Antiphospholipid antibodies among women experiencing fetal loss
    Ching YM, Arip M, Jegasothy R, Baskaran TP, Yusof AY, Bakhtiar F, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Dec;35(2):147-51.
    PMID: 24362478 MyJurnal
    The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) is closely associated with thrombotic events and pregnancy complications such as recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia and placental insufficiency. We investigated the presence of aPLs and its frequency among female patients with a history of fetal loss in a Malaysia population. Serum samples were collected from 108 patients who had (1) one or more unexplained deaths of morphologically normal fetuses at or beyond the 22nd week of gestation, or (2) one or more premature births of morphologically normal neonates at or before the 24th week of gestation due to eclampsia or preeclampsia, or recognized features of placental insufficiency, or (3) three or more unexplained, consecutive, spontaneous miscarriages before the 20th week of gestation. Serum was tested for aPLs subtypes: anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta-2- glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI), anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I dependent cardiolipin (aβ2GPI dependent CL), anti-phosphatidylcholine (aPC), anti-phosphatidylethanolamine (aPE), anti-phosphatidylinositol (aPI), anti-phosphatidylserine (aPS) and anti-sphingomyeline (aSph) by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The mean age of patients was 30±5. Four patients (3.7%) were found positive for at least one aPLs subtype. Four aPLs subtypes were detected. The most common subtypes was aβ2GPI dependent CL (3.7%), followed by aCL (2.7%), aβ2GPI (0.9%), and aPE(0.9%). In conclusion, frequency of aPLs among women with fetal loss (3.7%) in Malaysia was low with subtype aβ2GPI dependent CL being the most prevalent aPLs.
  7. The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract and dietary selenium on distribution of selenium in hepatocarcinogenesis induced rat
    Hanachi P, Loh LN, Fauziah O, Rafiuz ZH, Tee ST, Lye CW, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:208-9.
    PMID: 15468891
    Neem, Azadirachta indica, is a plant from the family Meliaceae, known as "Pokok Semambu" in Malay community. It has been extensively used in India as traditional Ayurvedic and folklore minedicine for the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to determine the distribution of selenium in the liver of rats during hepatocarcinogenesis when neem aqueous extract and dietary selenium was supplemented.
  8. Chromosome aberration test for hydroxyapatite in sheep
    Kannan TP, Nik Ahmad Shah NL, Azlina A, Samsudin AR, Narazah MY, Salleh M
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:168-9.
    PMID: 15468871
    The present study is aimed at finding the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of dense form of synthetic hydroxyapatite (Source: School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia) in the blood of sheep. The biomaterial was implanted in the tibia of Malin, an indigenous sheep breed of Malaysia. Blood was collected from the sheep before implantation of the biomaterial, cultured and a karyological study was made. Six weeks after implantation, blood was collected from the same animal, cultured and screened for chromosome aberrations. The mitotic indices and karyological analysis indicated that the implantation of synthetic hydroxyapatite (dense form) did not produce any cytotoxicity or chromosome aberrations in the blood of sheep.
  9. In vivo chromosome aberration test for hydroxyapetite in mice
    Kannan TP, Nik Ahmad Shah NL, Azlina A, Samsudin AR, Narazah MY, Salleh M
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 May;59 Suppl B:115-6.
    PMID: 15468845
    This study evaluates the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of synthetic hydroxyapatite granules (source: School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia) in the bone marrow cells of mice. Mice are exposed to synthetic hydroxyapatite granules, the bone marrow cells are collected and observed for chromosome aberrations. No chromosome aberrations were noticed in the animals exposed to distilled water (negative control) and to the test substance, synthetic hydroxyapatite granules (treatment) groups. Chromosome aberrations were observed in the animals exposed to Mitomycin C (positive control group). There was no indication of cytotoxicity due to synthetic hydroxyapatite granules in the animals as revealed by the mitotic index. Hence, synthetic hydroxyapatite granules are considered non-mutagenic under the prevailing test conditions.
  10. Fulltext Lack of association between TYK2 and STAT3 genes and Crohn's disease in the Malaysian population
    Lian LH, Lau TP, Lee VL, Lee WS, Hilmi I, Goh KL, et al.
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2013;12(1):167-74.
    PMID: 23408403 DOI: 10.4238/2013.January.24.9
    This study aimed to investigate the potential association of TYK2 and STAT3 genes with the susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) among Malaysians. DNA samples were obtained from 80 CD patients and 100 healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were employed for genotyping, followed by statistical analysis. In our current study, none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of either TYK2 or STAT3 was statistically associated with the susceptibility to CD in our local population (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was a statistically significant association between the G/G homozygotes of the STAT3 rs2293152 and the healthy control group (χ(2) = 6.229, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our study does not support the role of the TYK2 and STAT3 genes influencing CD susceptibility.
  11. Cadaveric organ donation at University Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Chen TP, Teo SM, Tan JC, Koh SN, Ambalavanar N, Tan SY
    Transplant Proc, 2000 Nov;32(7):1809-10.
    PMID: 11119946
  12. Low-dissolved-oxygen nitrification in tropical sewage: an investigation on potential, performance and functional microbial community
    How SW, Lim SY, Lim PB, Aris AM, Ngoh GC, Curtis TP, et al.
    Water Sci Technol, 2018 May;77(9-10):2274-2283.
    PMID: 29757179 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.143
    Intensive aeration for nitrification is a major energy consumer in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Low-dissolved-oxygen (low-DO) nitrification has the potential to lower the aeration demand. However, the applicability of low-DO nitrification in the tropical climate is not well-understood. In this study, the potential of low-DO nitrification in tropical setting was first examined using batch kinetic experiments. Subsequently, the performance of low-DO nitrification was investigated in a laboratory-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) for 42 days using real tropical sewage. The batch kinetic experiments showed that the seed sludge has a relatively high oxygen affinity. Thus, the rate of nitrification was not significantly reduced at low DO concentrations (0.5 mg/L). During the operation of the low-DO nitrification SBR, 90% of NH4-N was removed. The active low-DO nitrification was mainly attributed to the limited biodegradable organics in the sewage. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed the nitrifiers were related to Nitrospira genus and Nitrosomonadaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis suggests 47% of the operational taxonomic units in Nitrospira genus are closely related to a comammox bacteria. This study has demonstrated active low-DO nitrification in tropical setting, which is a more sustainable process that could significantly reduce the energy footprint of STPs.
  13. Fulltext Turner syndrome diagnosed in northeastern Malaysia
    Kannan TP, Azman BZ, Ahmad Tarmizi AB, Suhaida MA, Siti Mariam I, Ravindran A, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 2008 May;49(5):400-4.
    PMID: 18465051
    Turner syndrome affects about one in 2,000 live-born females, and the wide range of somatic features indicates that a number of different X-located genes are responsible for the complete phenotype. This retrospective study highlights the Turner syndrome cases confirmed through cytogenetic analysis at the Human Genome Centre of Universiti Sains Malaysia, from 2001 to 2006.
  14. Mindfulness-based therapy for smoking cessation and mental health: a randomised controlled trial
    Hemanath S, Robinson F, Pang NTP, Lim EK, Ong SJ, Alyssa S, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2023 May;78(3):336-343.
    PMID: 37271843
    INTRODUCTION: Effective smoking cessation programmes are essential for assisting smokers in quitting, indirectly lowering mortality and morbidity associated with smoking. Numerous studies have indicated positive outcomes when using mindfulness treatment (MT) to treat psychological or behavioural health issues. Although to date, no study has looked at the effectiveness of online MT for quitting smoking while addressing mental health, particularly among the Asian population. Therefore, this study compares the efficiency of online MT to traditional counselling therapy (CT) in aiding smoking cessation programmes while also addressing mental health.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomised control study with a two-group, single-blind design and baseline evaluation was selected. Social media sites were used to advertise for participants, who were then admitted after meeting the requirements. Participants who met the eligibility requirements were randomly split into two groups. Each group received a total of three sessions of online therapy (MT or CT), once every two weeks, as well as one phone call per week as reinforcement. At the beginning and end of the intervention, participants completed questionnaires (1st week and 5th week). Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) statistical analysis was used to analyse all the variables.

    RESULTS: The MT group experienced a statistically significant decrease in cigarette consumption (β: -3.50, 95% Wald CI: - 4.62, -2.39) compared to the CT group over time. Furthermore, the MT group demonstrated significant improvements in their scores for the AAQ-2, anxiety, stress, depression and mindfulness compared to the CT group.

    CONCLUSION: Online MT is more successful at assisting smokers in lowering their daily cigarette intake and supporting their mental health during the smoking cessation process. Further longitudinal comparisons of the effectiveness of online MT should be undertaken using online platforms in future studies.

  15. Fulltext Chloroquine-resistant malaria in West Malaysia
    McKelvey TP, Lundie AR, Williams ED, Moore HS, Worsley DE
    Br Med J, 1968 Dec 14;4(5632):703-4.
    PMID: 5723393
  16. Fulltext OSC26: Characterization and Physico-Chemical Evaluation of a Novel Glass Ionomer Nanozirconia- Silica- Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Material
    Sajjad A, Wan Bakar WZ, Ab Rahman I, Mohamad D, Kannan TP
    J Indian Prosthodont Soc, 2018 Oct;18(Suppl 1):S18-S19.
    PMID: 30532418 DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.244617
  17. Correlation of the fluorescein dye disappearance test and endoscopic dye transit time in patients after surgery for nasolacrimal duct obstruction
    Tai ELM, Amirul-Hasbi TP, Zamli AH, Rajet KA, Kueh YC
    J Fr Ophtalmol, 2024 Dec 19;48(3):104388.
    PMID: 39706130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104388
    PURPOSE: To correlate fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) grades and endoscopic dye transit times (EDTT) in patients with patent osteotomies after nasolacrimal duct obstruction surgery (NLDO).

    DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

    METHODS: All adult patients with patent osteotomies post-external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex-DCR) or post-endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) for NLDO were included in this cross-sectional investigation. Patients with dry eye and endoscopically unidentified osteotomy sites were excluded from the study. The FDDT grade, EDTT and lacrimal symptom questionnaire (Lac-Q) scores were documented for all patients.

    RESULTS: This study included 39 patients. Nineteen had undergone EDCR, twenty Ex-DCR. The FDDT grade and EDTT were positively correlated (r=0.32, P=0.045). The mean Lac-Q score was not correlated with FDDT grade (r=-0.01, P=0.951) or EDTT (r=0.07, P=0.669). There were no significant differences in the FDDT grade, EDTT, Lac-Q score or ostial characteristics between Ex-DCR and EDCR.

    CONCLUSION: FDDT grading correlates with EDTT, suggesting that these tests may be used interchangeably based on the clinician's ease of access and instrumentation. There was no correlation between the symptoms of lacrimal outflow obstruction with objective evidence of drainage.

  18. Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children
    Liu A, Byrne NM, Ma G, Nasreddine L, Trinidad TP, Kijboonchoo K, et al.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2011 Dec;65(12):1321-7.
    PMID: 21731041 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.122
    To develop and cross-validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations of total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) for Asian pre-pubertal children from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.
  19. Pediatric lupus nephritis presenting with terminal renal failure
    Besouw MT, Vande Walle JG, Ilias MI, Raes AM, Prytula AA, Claeys L, et al.
    Acta Clin Belg, 2016 Dec;71(6):455-457.
    PMID: 27169353
    A 12-year-old Congolese girl presented with acute renal failure, edema, hypertension, hemoptysis, hematuria, and proteinuria after a history of throat infection. Renal ultrasound showed kidneys of normal size, with increased echogenicity of the cortical parenchyma and decreased corticomedullary differentiation. Other additional investigations showed pancytopenia with decreased complement (low C3 and C4). Antinuclear antibodies were strongly positive, including anti-double stranded DNA. Renal biopsy confirmed severe grade IV lupus nephritis. She was treated with high-dose steroids, mycophenolate mofetil and hydroxychloroquine, in addition to hemodialysis. After one week of intensive treatment, diuresis recovered and dialysis could be stopped after six sessions. We describe an uncommon case of severe lupus nephritis, presenting with terminal renal failure. Since the rarity of this disease presentation, other more common diagnoses have to be considered. Once the diagnosis of lupus nephritis is established, a choice has to be made between the different induction treatment protocols. The patient's ethnic background and other supportive therapies, such as the need for dialysis, can help to make this choice.
  20. Fulltext Efficacy of radiofrequency ablation compared with transarterial chemoembolization for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative survival analysis
    Koh PS, Chan AC, Cheung TT, Chok KS, Dai WC, Poon RT, et al.
    HPB (Oxford), 2016 Jan;18(1):72-8.
    PMID: 26776854 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2015.07.005
    This study aims to assess if radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has any oncological superiority over transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on post-hepatectomy recurrence.
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