Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 67 in total

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  1. Fulltext RNA-seq analysis for plant carnivory gene discovery in Nepenthes × ventrata
    Wan Zakaria WN, Loke KK, Goh HH, Mohd Noor N
    Genom Data, 2016 Mar;7:18-9.
    PMID: 26981352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.11.007
    Carnivorous plants have the ability to capture and digest insects for nutrients, which allows them to survive in land deprived of nitrogenous nutrients. Nepenthes spp. are one of the carnivorous plants, which uniquely produce pitcher from the tip of an elongated leaf. This study provides the first transcriptome resource from pitcher of a Nepenthes ventricosa × Nepenthes alata hybrid, Nepenthes × ventrata to understand carnivory mechanism in Nepenthes spp., as well as in other carnivorous species. Raw reads and the transcriptome assembly project have been deposited to SRA database with the accession numbers SRX1389337 (day 0 control), SRX1389392 (day 3 longevity), and SRX1389395 (day 3 chitin-treated).
  2. Fulltext RNA-seq Analysis of Nepenthes ampullaria
    Wan Zakaria WN, Loke KK, Zulkapli MM, Mohd Salleh F', Goh HH, Mohd Noor N
    Front Plant Sci, 2015;6:1229.
    PMID: 26793209 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01229
  3. Influence of Fe2O3 and bacterial biofilms on Cu(II) distribution in a simulated aqueous solution: A feasibility study to sediments in the Pearl River Estuary (PR China)
    Kurniawan TA, Lo W, Othman MHD, Liang X, Goh HH, Chew KW
    J Environ Manage, 2023 Mar 01;329:117047.
    PMID: 36563449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117047
    This study investigated physico-chemical interactions among Cu(II), biogenic materials, and Fe2O3 in a continuous-flow biofilm reactor system under a well-controlled environment. The effects of Fe2O3 and bacterial biofilms on the distribution of Cu(II) in a simulated aquatic environment were studied. To control biological and abiotic elements in the marine environment, a biofilm reactor was designed to understand the metal speciation of Cu(II) and its distribution. The reactor consisted of a biofilm chamber equipped with glass slides for biofilms attachment. Due to its ability to grow as biofilm in the medium, Pseudomonas atlantica was cultivated to adsorb trace Cu(II) to attached and suspended cells. It was found that biofilms with 170-285 mequiv chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration/m2 of total oxidizable materials accelerated the Cu(II) adsorption to the surface of the reactor significantly by a factor of five. A significant inhibition to the bacterial growth took place (p ≤ 0.05; t-test) when Cu(II) concentration was higher than 0.5 mg/L. In the absence of Cu(II), bacterial cells grew normally to 0.075 of optical density (OD). However, at the Cu(II) concentration of 0.2 mg/L, the cells grew to a lower OD of 0.58. The presence of glycine and EDTA substantially reduced the toxicity of Cu(II) on bacterial growth (p ≤ 0.05; paired t-test). Their complexation with Cu(II) rendered the metal ions less available to bacterial cells. This implies that the Fe2O3 and bacterial biofilm affected Cu(II) distribution and speciation in the aquatic environment.
  4. Challenges and opportunities for biochar to promote circular economy and carbon neutrality
    Kurniawan TA, Othman MHD, Liang X, Goh HH, Gikas P, Chong KK, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2023 Apr 15;332:117429.
    PMID: 36773474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117429
    Biochar, derived from unused biomass, is widely considered for its potential to deal with climate change problems. Global interest in biochar is attributed to its ability to sequester carbon in soil and to remediate aquatic environment from water pollution. As soil conditioner and/or adsorbent, biochar offers opportunity through a circular economy (CE) paradigm. While energy transition continues, progress toward low-emissions materials accelerates their advance towards net-zero emissions. However, none of existing works addresses CE-based biochar management to achieve carbon neutrality. To reflect its novelty, this work provides a critical overview of challenges and opportunities for biochar to promote CE and carbon neutrality. This article also offers seminal perspectives about strengthening biomass management through CE and resource recovery paradigms, while exploring how the unused biomass can promote net zero emissions in its applications. By consolidating scattered knowledge in the body of literature into one place, this work uncovers new research directions to close the loops by implementing the circularity of biomass resources in various fields. It is conclusive from a literature survey of 113 articles (2003-2023) that biomass conversion into biochar can promote net zero emissions and CE in the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Depending on their physico-chemical properties, biochar can become a suitable feedstock for CE. Biochar application as soil enrichment offsets 12% of CO2 emissions by land use annually. Adding biochar to soil can improve its health and agricultural productivity, while minimizing about 1/8 of CO2 emissions. Biochar can also sequester CO2 in the long-term and prevent the release of carbon back into the atmosphere after its decomposition. This practice could sequester 2.5 gigatons (Gt) of CO2 annually. With the global biochar market reaching USD 368.85 million by 2028, this work facilitates biochar with its versatile characteristics to promote carbon neutrality and CE applications.
  5. Current advancements in systems and synthetic biology studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Ting TY, Li Y, Bunawan H, Ramzi AB, Goh HH
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2023 Apr;135(4):259-265.
    PMID: 36803862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.01.010
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long-standing history of biotechnological applications even before the dawn of modern biotechnology. The field is undergoing accelerated advancement with the recent systems and synthetic biology approaches. In this review, we highlight the recent findings in the field with a focus on omics studies of S. cerevisiae to investigate its stress tolerance in different industries. The latest advancements in S. cerevisiae systems and synthetic biology approaches for the development of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and molecular tools such as multiplex Cas9, Cas12a, Cpf1, and Csy4 genome editing tools, modular expression cassette with optimal transcription factors, promoters, and terminator libraries as well as metabolic engineering. Omics data analysis is key to the identification of exploitable native genes/proteins/pathways in S. cerevisiae with the optimization of heterologous pathway implementation and fermentation conditions. Through systems and synthetic biology, various heterologous compound productions that require non-native biosynthetic pathways in a cell factory have been established via different strategies of metabolic engineering integrated with machine learning.
  6. Optimizing hybrid energy systems for remote communities in Asia's least developed countries
    Prum M, Goh HH, Zhang D, Dai W, Kurniawan TA, Goh KC
    Heliyon, 2024 Apr 30;10(8):e29369.
    PMID: 38699730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29369
    In least-developed countries (LDCs), electricity shortages are the primary barrier to economic and social growth. Some remote areas in LDC rely on diesel-based systems. However, renewable energy must be taken into account for generating electricity because of the uncertainty of diesel fuel prices and the emissions of carbon dioxide. Hybrid energy systems (HES) are becoming increasingly popular, which is unsurprising given the rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies, which have made them the preferred method to respond to the current unreliable electricity supply, reduce the impact of global warming that occurs from electricity production, and contribute to cost reduction. This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a combination of solar PV, wind energy, and battery systems with the existing diesel generator in four different locations in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Hybrid optimization multiples for electric renewables (HOMER) is used as a tool for techno-economic analysis and finding the possible combination of solar PV, wind, diesel, and battery. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique was used to verify all configurations obtained from HOMER's results. This approach considers environmental, economic, and technological factors by utilizing the AHP, TOPSIS, EDAS, and PROMETHEEE II techniques. The results show that PV/diesel with batteries is the optimum solution. This hybrid system comprises 89% PV penetration, a cost of electricity (COE) of 0.257 $/kWh, an initial capital cost (IC) of $244,277, and a net present cost (NPC) of $476,216 for a case study in Cambodia. Furthermore, this system can reduce almost 51,005 kg/year of carbon dioxide compared to a diesel-only system, while the cost of electricity is reduced.
  7. UV-blocking and photocatalytic properties of Ag-coated cotton fabrics with Si binders for photo-degradation of recalcitrant dyes in aqueous solutions under sunlight
    Amjad M, Mohyuddin A, Ulfat W, Goh HH, Dzarfan Othman MH, Kurniawan TA
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Feb 27;353:120287.
    PMID: 38335595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120287
    Textile wastewater laden with dyes has emerged as a source of water pollution. This possesses a challenge in its effective treatment using a single functional material. In respond to this technological constraint, this work presents multifunctional cotton fabrics (CFs) within a single, streamlined preparation process. This approach utilizes the adherence of Ag NPs (nanoparticles) using Si binder on the surface of CFs, resulting in Ag-coated CFs through a pad dry method. The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray electroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR). It was found that the FT-IR spectra of Ag NPs-coated CFs had peaks appear at 3400, 2900, and 1200 cm-1, implying the stretching vibrations of O-H, C-H, and C-O, respectively. Based on the EDX analysis, the presence of C, O, and Ag related to the coated CFs were detected. After coating the CFs with varying concentrations of Ag NPs (1%, 2% and 3% (w/w)), they were used to remove dyes. Under the same concentration of 10 mg/L and optimized pH 7.5 and 2 h of reaction time, 3% (w/w) Ag-coated CFs exhibited a substantial MB degradation of 98 %, while removing 95% of methyl orange, 85% of rhodamine B, and 96% of Congo red, respectively, following 2 h of Vis exposure. Ag NPs had a strong absorption at 420 nm with 2.51 eV of energy band gap. Under UV irradiation, electrons excited and produced free radicals that promoted dyes photodegradation. The oxidation by-products included p-dihydroxybenzene and succinic acid. Spent Ag-coated CFs attained 98% of regeneration efficiency. The utilization of Ag-coated CFs as a photocatalyst facilitated treated effluents to meet the required discharge standard of lower than 1 mg/L mandated by national legislation. The integration of multifunctional CFs in the treatment system presents a new option for tackling water pollution due to dyes.
  8. Revolutionizing photocatalysis: Synthesis of innovative poly(N-tertiary-butylacrylamide)-graft-hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers for thermo-responsive applications via metal-free organic photoredox catalysis
    Iqbal MA, Younis MW, Maqbool M, Goh HH, Kurniawan TA, Amjad M, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2025 Feb;288:138775.
    PMID: 39675599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138775
    In this study, we present a groundbreaking approach utilizing metal-free, visible light-mediated organic photoredox catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP) to synthesize cellulose-based stimuli-responsive polymers. Our method resulted in the successful synthesis of innovative metal-free poly(N-tertiary-butylacrylamide)-graft-hydroxypropyl cellulose (PNTBAM-g-HPC) polymers with exceptional control over molecular weight and narrow dispersity index (Đ) and explored their applications in organo-photocatalytic reactions. This approach addresses the limitations of traditional atom transfer radical polymerization method, which suffer from metal contamination and toxicity related problems. O-ATRP and organic photoredox catalysts have been sought to address these difficult challenges. In this study, we synthesized organic compound; 2,4,5,6-tetrakis(diphenylamino)isophthalonitrile (4DPIPN), which served as an organic photoredox catalyst, enabling the synthesis and application study of PNTBAM-g-HPC polymers via organic photoredox catalysis. Furthermore, by employing 4DPIPN, three different types of PNTBAM-g-HPC polymers were synthesized. Through thorough characterization techniques including FTIR, NMR, UV/Visible spectroscopy, TGA, and GPC analysis, we confirmed the successful synthesis of photocatalyst and three different types of PNTBAM-g-HPC polymers under O-ATRP conditions. By adjusting the molar ratios of PNTBAM side chains, we fine-tuned the LCST of HTA-20 polymers to 37.3 °C, demonstrating their thermoresponsive behavior. This synthetic approach shows great potential for applications in biosensors, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, and drug delivery systems.
  9. Fulltext ResGRU: A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Compound Fault Diagnosis in Photovoltaic Arrays Considering Dust Impact
    Liu X, Goh HH, Xie H, He T, Yew WK, Zhang D, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2025 Feb 09;25(4).
    PMID: 40006264 DOI: 10.3390/s25041035
    With the widespread deployment of photovoltaic (PV) power stations, timely identification and rectification of module defects are crucial for extending service life and preserving efficiency. PV arrays, subjected to severe outside circumstances, are prone to defects exacerbated by dust accumulation, potentially leading to complex compound faults. The resemblance between individual and compound faults sometimes leads to misclassification. To address this challenge, this paper presents a novel hybrid deep learning model, ResGRU, which integrates a residual network (ResNet) with bidirectional gated recurrent units (BiGRU) to improve fault diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, a Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) module is incorporated to enhance relevant features while suppressing irrelevant ones, hence improving performance. To further optimize inter-class separability and intra-class compactness, a center loss function is employed as an auxiliary loss to enhance the model's discriminative capacity. This proposed method facilitates the automated extraction of fault features from I-V curves and accurate diagnosis of individual faults, partial shading scenarios, and compound faults under varying levels of dust accumulation, hence aiding in the formulation of efficient cleaning schedules. Experimental findings indicate that the suggested model achieves 99.94% accuracy on pristine data and 98.21% accuracy on noisy data, markedly surpassing established techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN), ResNet, random forests (RF), multi-scale SE-ResNet, and other ResNet-based approaches. Thus, the model offers a reliable solution for accurate PV array fault diagnosis.
  10. Molecular cloning and in silico analysis of chalcone isomerase from Polygonum minus
    Shah FLA, Baharum SN, Goh HH, Leow TC, Ramzi AB, Oslan SN, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2023 Jun;50(6):5283-5294.
    PMID: 37148413 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08417-1
    BACKGROUND: Chalcone isomerase (CHI; EC 5.5.1.6) is one of the key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that is responsible for the intramolecular cyclization of chalcones into specific 2S-flavanones.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the open reading frame (ORF) of CHI was successfully isolated from the cDNA of Polygonum minus at 711-bp long, encoding for 236 amino acid residues, with a predicted molecular weight of 25.4 kDa. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the conserved residues (Thr50, Tyr108, Asn115, and Ser192) in the cleft of CHI enzyme group active site are present in PmCHI protein sequence and classified as type I. PmCHI comprises more hydrophobic residues without a signal peptide and transmembrane helices. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of PmCHI predicted through homology modeling was validated by Ramachandran plot and Verify3D, with values within the acceptable range of a good model. PmCHI was cloned into pET-28b(+) plasmid, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) at 16 °C and partially purified.

    CONCLUSION: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the PmCHI protein and its potential for further characterization of its functional properties in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.

  11. Fulltext RNA-seq data from different developmental stages of Rafflesia cantleyi floral buds
    Amini S, Alias H, Aizat-Juhari MA, Mat-Isa MN, Adam JH, Goh HH, et al.
    Genom Data, 2017 Dec;14:5-6.
    PMID: 28761813 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2017.07.008
    Rafflesia cantleyi, known as one of the world's largest flowers, is a specialised holoparasite due to dramatic morphological modifications. It possesses highly reduced vegetative structure and only appears as a flower for sexual reproduction. Moreover, it has an unusual life cycle in that its floral bud development takes up to nine months. In order to fully understand the highly modified floral organ structure and long life cycle of R. cantleyi, we used Illumina sequencing technology (HiSeq) for sequence generation followed by de novo assembly of sequence reads. We obtained the RNA-seq data from three different stages of floral bud, representing the early, mid and advanced developmental stages. These data are available via BioProject accession number PRJNA378435. More than 10.3 Gb raw sequence data were generated, corresponding to 102,203,042 raw reads. Following removal of low-quality reads and trimming of adapter sequences, a total of 91,638,836 reads were obtained. De novo assembly of these sequences using Trinity resulted in 89,690 unique transcripts with an N50 of 1653 bp. The obtained transcriptomic data will be useful for further study to understand the molecular interactions that result in R. cantleyi floral development.
  12. Fulltext Metabolomics data of Mitragyna speciosa leaf using LC-ESI-TOF-MS
    Veeramohan R, Azizan KA, Aizat WM, Goh HH, Mansor SM, Yusof NSM, et al.
    Data Brief, 2018 Jun;18:1212-1216.
    PMID: 29900296 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.001
    Mitragyna speciosa is a psychoactive plant known as "ketum" in Malaysia and "kratom" in Thailand. This plant is distinctly known to produce two important alkaloids, namely mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH-MG) that can bind to opioid receptors [1]. MG was reported to exhibit antidepressant properties in animal studies [2]. These compounds were also proposed to have the potential to replace opioid analgesics with much lower risks of side effects [3]. To date, there are only over 40 metabolites identified in M. speciosa [4,5]. To obtain a more complete profile of secondary metabolites in ketum, we performed metabolomics study using mature leaves of the green M. speciosa variety. The leaf samples were extracted using methanol prior to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-TOF-MS) analysis. This data can be useful to for the identification of unknown metabolites that are associated with alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in M. speciosa.
  13. Recent advancement of engineering microbial hosts for the biotechnological production of flavonoids
    Shah FLA, Ramzi AB, Baharum SN, Noor NM, Goh HH, Leow TC, et al.
    Mol Biol Rep, 2019 Dec;46(6):6647-6659.
    PMID: 31535322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05066-1
    Flavonoids are polyphenols that are important organic chemicals in plants. The health benefits of flavonoids that result in high commercial values make them attractive targets for large-scale production through bioengineering. Strategies such as engineering a flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in microbial hosts provide an alternative way to produce these beneficial compounds. Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Streptomyces sp. are among the expression systems used to produce recombinant products, as well as for the production of flavonoid compounds through various bioengineering approaches including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome engineering and genetically encoded biosensors to detect flavonoid biosynthesis. In this study, we review the recent advances in engineering model microbial hosts as being the factory to produce targeted flavonoid compounds.
  14. Fulltext Transcriptome analysis of Polygonum minus reveals candidate genes involved in important secondary metabolic pathways of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids
    Loke KK, Rahnamaie-Tajadod R, Yeoh CC, Goh HH, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Zainal Z, et al.
    PeerJ, 2017;5:e2938.
    PMID: 28265493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2938
    BACKGROUND: Polygonum minus is an herbal plant in the Polygonaceae family which is rich in ethnomedicinal plants. The chemical composition and characteristic pungent fragrance of Polygonum minus have been extensively studied due to its culinary and medicinal properties. There are only a few transcriptome sequences available for species from this important family of medicinal plants. The limited genetic information from the public expressed sequences tag (EST) library hinders further study on molecular mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite production.

    METHODS: In this study, we performed a hybrid assembly of 454 and Illumina sequencing reads from Polygonum minus root and leaf tissues, respectively, to generate a combined transcriptome library as a reference.

    RESULTS: A total of 34.37 million filtered and normalized reads were assembled into 188,735 transcripts with a total length of 136.67 Mbp. We performed a similarity search against all the publicly available genome sequences and found similarity matches for 163,200 (86.5%) of Polygonum minus transcripts, largely from Arabidopsis thaliana (58.9%). Transcript abundance in the leaf and root tissues were estimated and validated through RT-qPCR of seven selected transcripts involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. All the transcripts were annotated against KEGG pathways to profile transcripts related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

    DISCUSSION: This comprehensive transcriptome profile will serve as a useful sequence resource for molecular genetics and evolutionary research on secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Polygonaceae family. Transcriptome assembly of Polygonum minus can be accessed at http://prims.researchfrontier.org/index.php/dataset/transcriptome.

  15. Harnessing landfill gas (LFG) for electricity: A strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Jakarta (Indonesia)
    Kurniawan TA, Liang X, Singh D, Othman MHD, Goh HH, Gikas P, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2022 Jan 01;301:113882.
    PMID: 34638040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113882
    Due to its increasing demands for fossil fuels, Indonesia needs an alternative energy to diversify its energy supply. Landfill gas (LFG), which key component is methane (CH4), has become one of the most attractive options to sustain its continued economic development. This exploratory study seeks to demonstrate the added value of landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) in generating sustainable energy, resulting from CH4 emissions in the Bantargebang landfill (Jakarta). The power generation capacity of a waste-to-energy (WTE) plant based on a mathematical modeling was investigated. This article critically evaluated the production of electricity and potential income from its sale in the market. The project's environmental impact assessment and its socio-economic and environmental benefits in terms of quantitative and qualitative aspects were discussed. It was found that the emitted CH4 from the landfill could be reduced by 25,000 Mt annually, while its electricity generation could reach one million kW ⋅h annually, savings on equivalent electricity charge worth US$ 112 million/year (based on US' 8/kW ⋅ h). An equivalent CO2 mitigation of 3.4 × 106 Mt/year was obtained. The income from its power sale were US$ 1.2 ×106 in the 1st year and 7.7 ×107US$ in the 15th year, respectively, based on the projected CH4 and power generation. The modeling study on the Bantargebang landfill using the LFG extraction data indicated that the LFG production ranged from 0.05 to 0.40 m3 per kg of the landfilled MSW. The LFG could generate electricity as low as US' 8 per kW ⋅ h. With respect to the implications of this study, the revenue not only defrays the cost of landfill's operations and maintenance (O&M), but also provides an incentive and means to further improve its design and operations. Overall, this work not only leads to a diversification of primary energy, but also improves environmental protection and the living standard of the people surrounding the plant.
  16. Leveraging food waste for electricity: A low-carbon approach in energy sector for mitigating climate change and achieving net zero emission in Hong Kong (China)
    Kurniawan TA, Liang X, Goh HH, Dzarfan Othman MH, Anouzla A, Al-Hazmi HE, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2024 Feb;351:119879.
    PMID: 38157574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119879
    In recent years, food waste has been a global concern that contributes to climate change. To deal with the rising impacts of climate change, in Hong Kong, food waste is converted into electricity in the framework of low-carbon approach. This work provides an overview of the conversion of food waste into electricity to achieve carbon neutrality. The production of methane and electricity from waste-to-energy (WTE) conversion are determined. Potential income from its sale and environmental benefits are also assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. It was found that the electricity generation from the food waste could reach 4.33 × 109 kWh annually, avoiding equivalent electricity charge worth USD 3.46 × 109 annually (based on US' 8/kWh). An equivalent CO2 mitigation of 9.9 × 108 kg annually was attained. The revenue from its electricity sale in market was USD 1.44×109 in the 1st year and USD 4.24 ×109 in the 15th year, respectively, according to the projected CH4 and electricity generation. The modelling study indicated that the electricity production is 0.8 kWh/kg of landfilled waste. The food waste could produce electricity as low as US' 8 per kW ∙ h. In spite of its promising results, there are techno-economic bottlenecks in commercial scale production and its application at comparable costs to conventional fossil fuels. Issues such as high GHG emissions and high production costs have been determined to be resolved later. Overall, this work not only leads to GHG avoidance, but also diversifies energy supply in providing power for homes in the future.
  17. Harnessing the potential of non-coding RNA: An insight into its mechanism and interaction in plant biotic stress
    Othman SMIS, Mustaffa AF, Mohd Zahid NII, Che-Othman MH, Samad AFA, Goh HH, et al.
    Plant Physiol Biochem, 2024 Feb;207:108387.
    PMID: 38266565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108387
    Plants have developed diverse physical and chemical defence mechanisms to ensure their continued growth and well-being in challenging environments. Plants also have evolved intricate molecular mechanisms to regulate their responses to biotic stress. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) plays a crucial role in this process that affects the expression or suppression of target transcripts. While there have been numerous reviews on the role of molecules in plant biotic stress, few of them specifically focus on how plant ncRNAs enhance resistance through various mechanisms against different pathogens. In this context, we explored the role of ncRNA in exhibiting responses to biotic stress endogenously as well as cross-kingdom regulation of transcript expression. Furthermore, we address the interplay between ncRNAs, which can act as suppressors, precursors, or regulators of other ncRNAs. We also delve into the regulation of ncRNAs in response to attacks from different organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, oomycetes, and insects. Interestingly, we observed that diverse microorganisms interact with distinct ncRNAs. This intricacy leads us to conclude that each ncRNA serves a specific function in response to individual biotic stimuli. This deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involving ncRNAs in response to biotic stresses enhances our knowledge and provides valuable insights for future research in the field of ncRNA, ultimately leading to improvements in plant traits.
  18. Fulltext RNA-seq analysis for secondary metabolite pathway gene discovery in Polygonum minus
    Loke KK, Rahnamaie-Tajadod R, Yeoh CC, Goh HH, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Mohd Noor N, et al.
    Genom Data, 2016 Mar;7:12-3.
    PMID: 26981350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.11.003
    Polygonum minus plant is rich in secondary metabolites, especially terpenoids and flavonoids. Present study generates transcriptome resource for P. minus to decipher its secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Raw reads and the transcriptome assembly project have been deposited at GenBank under the accessions SRX313492 (root) and SRX669305 (leaf) respectively.
  19. Decarbonization in waste recycling industry using digitalization to promote net-zero emissions and its implications on sustainability
    Kurniawan TA, Othman MHD, Liang X, Goh HH, Gikas P, Kusworo TD, et al.
    J Environ Manage, 2023 Jul 15;338:117765.
    PMID: 36965421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117765
    Digitalization and sustainability have been considered as critical elements in tackling a growing problem of solid waste in the framework of circular economy (CE). Although digitalization can enhance time-efficiency and/or cost-efficiency, their end-results do not always lead to sustainability. So far, the literatures still lack of a holistic view in understanding the development trends and key roles of digitalization in waste recycling industry to benefit stakeholders and to protect the environment. To bridge this knowledge gap, this work systematically investigates how leveraging digitalization in waste recycling industry could address these research questions: (1) What are the key problems of solid waste recycling? (2) How the trends of digitalization in waste management could benefit a CE? (3) How digitalization could strengthen waste recycling industry in a post-pandemic era? While digitalization boosts material flows in a CE, it is evident that utilizing digital solutions to strengthen waste recycling business could reinforce a resource-efficient, low-carbon, and a CE. In the Industry 4.0 era, digitalization can add 15% (about USD 15.7 trillion) to global economy by 2030. As digitalization grows, making the waste sector shift to a CE could save between 30% and 35% of municipalities' waste management budget. With digitalization, a cost reduction of 3.6% and a revenue increase of 4.1% are projected annually. This would contribute to USD 493 billion in an increasing revenue yearly in the next decade. As digitalization enables tasks to be completed shortly with less manpower, this could save USD 421 billion annually for the next decade. With respect to environmental impacts, digitalization in the waste sector could reduce global CO2 emissions by 15% by 2030 through technological solutions. Overall, this work suggests that digitalization in the waste sector contributes net-zero emission to a digital economy, while transitioning to a sustainable world as its social impacts.
  20. Source, occurrence, distribution, fate, and implications of microplastic pollutants in freshwater on environment: A critical review and way forward
    Kurniawan TA, Haider A, Ahmad HM, Mohyuddin A, Umer Aslam HM, Nadeem S, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2023 Jun;325:138367.
    PMID: 36907482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138367
    The generation of microplastics (MPs) has increased recently and become an emerging issue globally. Due to their long-term durability and capability of traveling between different habitats in air, water, and soil, MPs presence in freshwater ecosystem threatens the environment with respect to its quality, biotic life, and sustainability. Although many previous works have been undertaken on the MPs pollution in the marine system recently, none of the study has covered the scope of MPs pollution in the freshwater. To consolidate scattered knowledge in the literature body into one place, this work identifies the sources, fate, occurrence, transport pathways, and distribution of MPs pollution in the aquatic system with respect to their impacts on biotic life, degradation, and detection techniques. This article also discusses the environmental implications of MPs pollution in the freshwater ecosystems. Certain techniques for identifying MPs and their limitations in applications are presented. Through a literature survey of over 276 published articles (2000-2023), this study presents an overview of solutions to the MP pollution, while identifying research gaps in the body of knowledge for further work. It is conclusive from this review that the MPs exist in the freshwater due to an improper littering of plastic waste and its degradation into smaller particles. Approximately 15-51 trillion MP particles have accumulated in the oceans with their weight ranging between 93,000 and 236,000 metric ton (Mt), while about 19-23 Mt of plastic waste was released into rivers in 2016, which was projected to increase up to 53 Mt by 2030. A subsequent degradation of MPs in the aquatic environment results in the generation of NPs with size ranging from 1 to 1000 nm. It is expected that this work facilitates stakeholders to understand the multi-aspects of MPs pollution in the freshwater and recommends policy actions to implement sustainable solutions to this environmental problem.
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