Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 91 in total

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  1. Fulltext Retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stones smaller than 2 cm
    Ho CC, Hafidzul J, Praveen S, Goh EH, Bong JJ, Lee BC, et al.
    Singapore Med J, 2010 Jun;51(6):512-5.
    PMID: 20658113
    Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is accepted as the gold standard treatment for renal stones that are smaller than 2 cm. Recently, retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has been introduced as another form of treatment. We report our experience in dealing with renal stones smaller than 2 cm using RIRS as the primary treatment and following failed ESWL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/pathology; Kidney Calculi/surgery*
  2. Fulltext Submandibular intraductal calculi removal as an office procedure with radiofrequency device
    Revadi G, Rahmat O, Shailendra S
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):80-2.
    PMID: 21265259 MyJurnal
    Salivary duct obstruction secondary to calculi is a common disorder of the submandibular gland and often manifesting as painful episodic swelling of the gland during meals. Complications may arise in unresolved obstruction leading to infections, abscess formation and a hypofunctioning gland. Treatment of this disorder has evolved from the traditional sialadenectomy to organ preserving procedures done under general or local anaesthesia. Our technique using Ellman Surgitron radiofrequency device, is another alternative technique for transoral removal of extraglandular calculi. It is a simple, quick an easy technique to learn that can be done in the office setting under local anaesthesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Salivary Gland Calculi/surgery*
  3. Proteomics and detection of uromodulin in first-time renal calculi patients and recurrent renal calculi patients
    Wai-Hoe L, Wing-Seng L, Ismail Z, Lay-Harn G
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2009 Oct;159(1):221-32.
    PMID: 19145410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8503-x
    Renal calculi disease or known as kidney stone disease is the most common urological disorder in both men and women, although it is more prevalent in men. The lifetime chance for an individual to develop renal calculi is approximately 10% whereas the risk of recurrence in a 10-year period is 74%. Therefore, a diagnostic tool for screening or detecting renal calculi is greatly needed. In this study, we analyze urinary protein profiles from patients with renal calculi for the first time (RC), healthy subjects (HS), and patients with recurrent renal calculi (RRC) to identify a biomarker for detecting the disease. Urinary proteins were isolated by salt precipitation and the proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE. Target proteins were analyzed with LC/MS/MS. Thirty-two proteins were identified from healthy subjects and patients. Uromodulin was the most abundant urinary protein in HS but was a very faint band if detected at all from those that formed renal calculi for the first time (p < 0.05). Yet the excreted levels of urinary uromodulin in RRC were similar to those of the HS suggesting that uromodulin is a reliable biomarker for only RC. In addition, a few immunoglobulins that were commonly found in the urine of both RC and RRC, which include Ig alpha heavy chain 1, Ig gamma-2 c region, Ig gamma-3 heavy chain disease protein, Ig heavy chain variable region, Ig heavy constant region gamma 4, and Ig heavy chain. Ig heavy chain Fab frag and antibody a5b7 chain B may serve as potential biomarkers for renal calculi disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/diagnosis*; Kidney Calculi/urine*
  4. Fulltext Comparing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for treatment of proximal ureteric calculi: a cost-effectiveness study
    Izamin I, Aniza I, Rizal AM, Aljunid SM
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):12-21.
    PMID: 19852314
    Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) are two main methods of treating proximal ureteric stones. Success rates and cost-effectiveness of the two methods were compared. A total of 67 patients who underwent treatment between January 2007 and July 2007 at a state general hospital were included in the study. The success rate for ESWL group was 81.8% and for URS group was 84.6%. ESWL technique produced a significant higher overall cost per patient than URS (RM930.02 versus RM621.95 respectively). There was no significant difference in quality of patient's life. Cost-effectiveness ratio was lower for URS. The analysis suggested that URS was more cost-effective than ESWL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ureteral Calculi/therapy*
  5. Qualification and application of an ELISA for the determination of Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) in human urine and its use for screening of kidney stone disease
    Lau WH, Leong WS, Ismail Z, Gam LH
    Int J Biol Sci, 2008 Aug 04;4(4):215-22.
    PMID: 18695745
    Kidney stone disease affects 1 - 20% of the general population. At present, the diagnosis of a stone is done using radiography method when noticeable symptoms appeared. We developed a non-invasive quantitative assay for urinary THP, namely ELISA; whereby our previous study and other reports had shown the usefulness of THP as biomarker for kidney stone disease. Since urine is biological fluid that is easily obtainable, this method could be used as a screening assay for kidney stone prior to confirmation with radiography. The ELISA gave assay linearity r(2) > 0.999 within the range of 109 ng/mL to 945 ng/mL THP. Assay precisions were < 4% (C.V.) for repeatability and < 5% (C.V.) for reproducibility. Assay accuracy range from 97.7% to 101.2% at the various THP concentrations tested. Assay specificity and sensitivity were 80% and 86%, respectively. The cut-off points at P < 0.05 were 37.0 and 41.2 mug/mL for male and female, respectively. The assay is cost effective and rapid whereby the cost for assaying each urine sample in duplicate is approximately USD0.35 and within 5 hours, 37 samples can be assayed alongside full range of standards and 3 QC samples in each plate. Furthermore, sample preparation is relatively easy where urine sample was diluted 10 times in TEA buffer. The usability of the ELISA method for diagnosis of kidney stone disease is evaluated with 117 healthy subjects and 58 stone formers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/diagnosis*; Kidney Calculi/urine*
  6. Fulltext The relationship between smoking and periodontal status
    Baharuddin, N.A., Al Bayaty, F.H.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(2):59-66.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: this study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between smoking and periodontal status in a selected Malaysian population. The sample for this cross-sectional study involved 39 subjects who were smokers. Each subject was required to answer the guided questionnaire followed by clinical examination. The questionnaires had 11 questions and were set in English and Bahasa Melayu. Basically, the questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: socio-demographic data, smoking status and subject's knowledge on periodontal health. The clinical parameters used in this study were: Community Periodontal Index, Visible Plaque score, Gingival Bleeding Index and Calculus Surface Index. Results showed that out of 39 subjects, 28 subjects (71.8%) were current smokers, followed by 6 subjects (15.4%) and 5 subjects (12.8%) who were former and who never smoked respectively. From the 216 sextants examined, 42 sextants (19.4%) were healthy gingival, 127 sextants (58.8%) suffered from gingivitis and 47 (21.8%) sextants suffered from periodontitis. There were positive relationships between smoking and periodontal status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calculi
  7. Fulltext Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a diabetic patient with pelvic-ureteric stone
    Chan AC, Rohan MJ, Hamid A, Azam A
    Med J Malaysia, 2007 Jun;62(2):166-7.
    PMID: 18705456 MyJurnal
    Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare but life threatening infection of kidney that is characterized by gas formation within or around the kidney. We describe a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis as a consequence of inadequately treated pelvic-ureteric stone in a diabetic man and complement this with a brief review of the literature pertaining in particular to the management of this condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/complications*; Ureteral Calculi/complications*
  8. Fulltext Twisted fate of bladder catheters
    Sithasanan N, Kihne M, Naidu RR, Ramanujam TM
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Aug;61(3):369-70.
    PMID: 17240594 MyJurnal
    Catheter knotting is a rare complication of bladder catheterisation. Retention of catheter parts resulting in calculus formation is even rarer. We report a case of a vesical calculus formed over a broken and retained supra-pubic catheter which to the best of our knowledge has yet to be reported, along with three other cases of bladder catheter knotting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Calculi/etiology
  9. The study of clinical characteristics of gout patients on follow up in Rheumatology Clinic, Hospital Seremban. [Abstract]
    Mohd A, Gun SC, Das Gupta E, De'Souza B
    APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 2006;9 Suppl 1:A89.
    Objective: To determine the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of the patients with gout, on follow up in Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital Seremban.
    Methods: This was a retrospective study. Case notes of all our existing gout patients were reviewed, and data on demography, clinical features, associated conditions, and laboratory findings were noted.
    Results: 54 patients were studied, 48 (89%) were male and 6 (11%) were female at the ratio of M : F = 8:1, 30 (57%) of them had the onset of symptoms at their 3rd and 4th decades of life. The majority were the Malays 39 (72%), followed by the Indians 11 (20%) and the Chinese 4 (8%). Commonly associated conditions were hypertension in 37 (68.5%), obesity (BMI of 30 and above) in 36 (66.7%) and hyperlipidaemia in 36 (66.7%) of them. Mixed hyperlipidaemia (High TG and LDL cholesterol) were found in 19 (53%). Underlying history of diabetes mellitus 7 (13%), alcohol consumption 8 (15%), smoking habits 22 (40%) and family history of gout 18 (33%). Half of our patients 27 (50%) had at least 2 or more joints involvement. 28 (52%) of them had tophaceous gout. Among those with tophaceous gout, 18 (64%) had renal impairment with serum creatinine of .150mmol/l. 6 (31.5%) of the patients with renal impairment found to have renal calculi on ultrasonography.
    Conclusion: There was male predominance in our group of patients which was consistent with other reported epidemiological studies. Hypertension, mixed hyperlipidaemia and obesity were common associated conditions while diabetes mellitus, smoking and family history of gout were not. The majority of gout patients in our clinic were Malays and due to religious reasons, alcohol was not a common associated factor. Half of our patients had multiple joints involvement and more than half also had tophaceous gout. There was high incidence of renal impairment seen in patients with tophaceous gout. These could be due to delay in seeking medical treatment, present of renal calculi and possibly contributed by associated hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calculi
  10. Fulltext A review of day care ureteroscopy of a teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Chan KY, Zulkifli MZ, Nazri MJ, Rashid MO
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):5-9.
    PMID: 16250273 MyJurnal
    This is a retrospective review of 200 day-care ureteroscopies performed between April 1998 and October 2002. The aim was to determine the feasibility and safety of this procedure. The mean age was 38.8 years and 75% of them were male. Eighty-three percent were ASA 1 and the remainders were ASA 2. The side of procedure were 48.5% right, 2.5% left and 6% both sides. Fentanyl and proprofol were used during induction. Calculi were found in 82.5% of cases. Rigid and flexible scope were used in 91.5% and 10.5% of cases. There were 33% upper, 23% mid and 44% distal ureteric stones. The mean stone size was 9.37 X 6.93mm. Seventy-four percent required a ureteric stent insertion. The mean operative time was 58.3 minutes. Four percent of patients experienced pain post-operatively relieved by NSAID injection. Repeat ureteroscopy performed in 30% of patients. There were zero admission rates. This study suggests day-care ureteroscopy is effective, safe and well tolerated by patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ureteral Calculi/surgery*
  11. Fulltext Oral health awareness and status among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia first year dental students
    Zamirah Zainal Abidin, Shahida Mohd Said, Irma Shida Abu Samah, Mohd Yufi Ariandi Mohd Yusoff
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2005;3(1):1-16.
    MyJurnal
    The oral health awareness and status among the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia first year dental students were studied. Seventy-three subjects underwent two components of assessment: questionnaire assessing oral health awareness and behaviour, and clinical examination of oral health status. Indices used including Plaque, Calculus, Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) and total score of Decayed, Missing, Filled and teeth indicated for Extraction (DMFX[T]). More than 90% of the subjects were reported to brush their teeth twice or more daily and used supplemental cleaning tools. They also knew the importance of healthy oral condition, the various causes and prevention of tooth decay and gum diseases. Although 70.3% felt they need dental treatment, the majority (81.9%) visited the dentist only when they feel it is necessary to do so. Clinical examination showed low scores of 0.99 and 0.40 for mean plaque and calculus indices, respectively, while 80.8% of the subjects have mild calculus accumulation. Code 2 of the CPITN Index was the highest (70.3%) among the subjects. The total DMFX was 291, with mean score of 0.14 per subject and the decayed component was the highest (D=186 teeth). These findings suggest that the subjects have acceptable oral health awareness, and also good existing oral health status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calculi
  12. Pseudo bilateral tonsilloliths: a case report and review of the literature
    Ram S, Siar CH, Ismail SM, Prepageran N
    Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2004 Jul;98(1):110-4.
    PMID: 15243480
    Tonsilloliths are very rare concretions found in the tonsillar crypt. They are usually single and unilateral, but occasionally may be multiple or bilateral. Small concretions in the tonsils are common, but well formed giant unilateral or bilateral tonsilloliths are extremely uncommon. Only two cases of bilateral tonsilloliths have so far been reported in the literature. A case of unilateral tonsillolith, mimicking bilateral tonsilloliths taken with the orthopantogram (OPT) in a 57-year-old Malaysian Indian female with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is described. Although the OPT is a reliable and standard panoramic X-ray unit used in dentistry, superimposition of a lesion involving one side of the jaw creates a pseudo or ghost image on the contralateral side leading to a misdiagnosis of bilateral lesions. This report highlights that tonsilloliths, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiopaque masses involving the mandibular ramus, and that investigations such as CT scan or MRI may be required to differentiate pseudo or ghost images from true bilateral pathologies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calculi/pathology*
  13. Midstream urine culture and sensitivity test is a poor predictor of infected urine proximal to the obstructing ureteral stone or infected stones: a prospective clinical study
    Mariappan P, Loong CW
    J Urol, 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2142-5.
    PMID: 15126773
    PURPOSE: This prospective study was performed to determine if midstream urine (MSU) culture and sensitivity (C&S) alone could adequately predict infected urine proximal to the obstructing ureteral stone or the infected stones. Can pelvic urine C&S predict infected stones?

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical study was performed on all patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy and lithotripsy for ureteral stones with obstruction between December 1, 2000 and January 31, 2002. We obtained MSU, renal pelvic urine and fragmented stones for culture and sensitivity. An analysis of the data was performed to assess statistical association.

    RESULTS: A total of 73 patients who fulfilled the criteria were recruited. Of these patients 25 (34.3%) had positive stone culture, 43 (58.9%) had positive pelvic urine and 21 (28.8%) patients had positive MSU C&S. Stone and pelvic C&S were positive simultaneously in 17 (23.3%) cases, MSU and stone C&S were positive in 8 (10.9%) cases, whereas pelvic and MSU C&S were positive in 13 (16.4%) cases (p = 0.03). MSU C&S had a sensitivity of 30.2% and specificity of 73% to detect pelvic urine C&S positivity. MSU C&S had a low positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) in relation to infected pelvic urine (positive predictive value = 0.62, NPV = 0.42). Pelvic urine C&S had a NPV of 0.73 in detecting noninfected stones.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that in obstructive uropathy secondary to a stone MSU C&S is a poor predictor of infected urine proximal to the obstruction and infected stones.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ureteral Calculi/complications; Ureteral Calculi/microbiology*
  14. Vesicolithotomy for acute intestinal obstruction
    Mariappan P, Loong CW
    J Urol, 2004 Mar;171(3):1233.
    PMID: 14767310
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Bladder Calculi/complications*; Urinary Bladder Calculi/surgery*
  15. Fulltext Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with lithiasis and chronic gout
    Kaur G, Naik VR, Rahman MNG
    Singapore Med J, 2004 Mar;45(3):125-6.
    PMID: 15029415
    Diffusely-infiltrating mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with lithiasis and chronic gout is reported in a 61-year-old Malay man. The patient underwent left nephrectomy and vesiculo-lithotomy. This tumour is postulated to arise in response to chronic irritation of the urothelium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/etiology*; Ureteral Calculi/etiology*
  16. The effect of control and self-medication of chronic gout in a developing country. Outcome after 10 years
    Darmawan J, Rasker JJ, Nuralim H
    J Rheumatol, 2003 Nov;30(11):2437-43.
    PMID: 14677190
    OBJECTIVE: We describe a 10 year observation of the effect of control of hyperuricemia compared with self-medication alone in patients with chronic gout.
    METHODS: We studied 299 consecutively self-referred Malayo-Polynesian men with chronic gout, mean age 35 +/- 14.3 SD years. Subjects comprised 228 cases with chronic gout without tophi or urolithiasis (Group 1) and 71 with those complications (Group 2). Attacks of acute gouty arthritis were treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and/or corticosteroids. After acute arthritis had settled, urate-lowering drugs were instituted in both groups combined with low dose colchicine and/or low dose NSAID for at least 0.5-2 years. Urate levels were maintained longterm at a mean of < 5 mg/dl. After 10 years, the dropouts were traced and evaluated for comparison with baseline and those who remained in the study. In Group 2 the urate-lowering drugs were continued.
    RESULTS: Control of gout and hyperuricemia was achieved in all patients who remained under control: 91.6% of the 299 patients for at least 2 years (short-term), up to 5 years in 87.5% (medium term), and up to 10 years in 79.6% (longterm). In Group 1 (chronic gout without complication) only 36.8% had no attacks during 8 years, after they had tapered urate-lowering drug after the first 2 years of the study. In the 61 dropouts the intermittent symptomatic treatment and/or self-medication without longterm control of hyperuricemia resulted after 1 decade in chronic gout with more complications and associated conditions leading to increased morbidity, disability, and comorbidity, and 3 early mortalities.
    CONCLUSION: By controlling hyperuricemia, improvement of the prognosis of chronic gout, comorbidity, and early death was achieved compared with self-medication alone. Self-medication in a developing country if continued unchecked may become a public health problem in a population with a high prevalence rate of gout.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Calculi/etiology*
  17. Endoscopic intervention for hepatolithiasis associated with sharp angulation of right intrahepatic ducts
    Mahadeva S, Prabakharan R, Goh KL
    Gastrointest Endosc, 2003 Aug;58(2):279-82.
    PMID: 12872105
    Hepatolithiasis (intrahepatic stones) is common in Asian patients. Hepatolithiasis with intrahepatic strictures and sharp ductal angulation poses a particularly difficult management problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Calculi/therapy*
  18. Avulsed ureter
    Dublin N, Razack AH
    ANZ J Surg, 2003 Apr;73(4):254-5.
    PMID: 12662241
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Bladder Calculi/surgery*
  19. Fulltext Day care percutaneous renal surgery--is this viable?
    Chong WL, Murali S, Sahabudin RM, Khairullah A
    Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):108-10.
    PMID: 14569727
    Pros and cons of Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) versus Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) have often been highlighted when one discusses on the management of renal stones. An oft quoted point is that PCNL entails a prolonged hospital stay whereas ESWL sessions are day surgical in nature. However, PCNL has superior stone clearance rate as compared to ESWL especially for lower pole stones. In addition, PCNL is more suitable for large bulk stones and when ancillary procedures are required e.g. endopyelotomy. The first 50 cases of successful tubeless PCNL were reported by Bellman et al in 1997. The remarkable recovery of patients in their series encouraged them to employ this technique as their technique of choice for the majority of their cases. A similar technique was employed on endopyelotomy by Liang et al and they concluded that this was a safe, less morbid and effective technique. We report our first case of tubeless PCNL.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/therapy*
  20. Fulltext Reliability and validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among urological patients: a Malaysian study
    Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS
    Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2001 Oct;55(5):509-13.
    PMID: 11555347 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00897.x
    This present study was undertaken to validate the English version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in urological patients. Validity and reliability were studied in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients without LUTS. Reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Sensitivity to change was expressed as the effect size in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention score in additional patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Internal consistency was excellent. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the 12 items with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.37-0.79, while total scores was 0.79 in the population study. Test-retest correlation coefficient for the 12 items score were highly significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (0.35-0.79). It showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to the effects of treatment. A high degree of significant level between baseline and post-treatment scores were observed across all 12 items in the treatment cohort but not in the control group. The GHQ-12 is suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change in urological disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Calculi/psychology
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