Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 171 in total

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  1. Identification of a novel SHV-β-lactamase variant (SHV-144) in a Malaysian multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate
    Al-Marzooq F, Yusof MY, Tay ST
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2013;66(6):555-7.
    PMID: 24270152
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
  2. Fulltext Molecular characterization of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from tropical environments in Southeast Asia
    Hara H, Yusaimi YA, Zulkeflle SNM, Sugiura N, Iwamoto K, Goto M, et al.
    J Gen Appl Microbiol, 2019 Jan 24;64(6):284-292.
    PMID: 29877296 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.02.003
    The emergence of antibiotic resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes is of growing concern, and threatens public health globally. A total of 129 Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from lowland aqueous environments near hospitals and medical service centers in the vicinity of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Among the eleven antibacterial agents tested, the isolates were highly resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.7%) and nalidixic acid (71.3%) and moderately resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol (66.7%), tetracycline (65.1%), fosfomycin (57.4%), cefotaxime (57.4%), and ciprofloxacin (57.4%), while low resistance levels were found with aminoglycosides (kanamycin, 22.5%; gentamicin, 21.7%). The presence of relevant resistance determinants was evaluated, and the genotypic resistance determinants were as follows: sulfonamides (sulI, sulII, and sulIII), trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA5), quinolones (qnrS), β-lactams (ampC and blaCTX-M), chloramphenicol (cmlA1 and cat2), tetracycline (tetA and tetM), fosfomycin (fosA and fosA3), and aminoglycosides (aphA1 and aacC2). Our data suggest that multidrug-resistant E. coli strains are ubiquitous in the aquatic systems of tropical countries and indicate that hospital wastewater may contribute to this phenomenon.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics*
  3. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of multidrug-resistant and -sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Malaysian hospital
    Thong KL, Lai KS, Ganeswrie R, Puthucheary SD
    Jpn J Infect Dis, 2004 Oct;57(5):206-9.
    PMID: 15507777
    Over a period of 6 months from January to June 2002, an unusual increase in the isolation of highly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains was observed in the various wards and intensive care units of a large general hospital in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. An equal number of multidrug resistant (MDR) and drug-susceptible strains were collected randomly from swabs, respiratory specimens, urine, blood, cerebral spinal fluid, and central venous catheters to determine the clonality and genetic variation of the strains. Macrorestriction analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the 19 MDR strains were genetically very homogenous; the majority showed the dominant profile S1 (n = 10), the rest very closely related profiles S1a (n = 1), S2 (n = 4), and S2a (n = 3), indicating the endemicity of these strains. In contrast, the 19 drug-sensitive strains isolated during the same time period were genetically more diverse, showing 17 pulsed-field profiles (F = 0.50-1.00), and probably derived from the patients themselves. The presence of the MDR clone poses serious therapeutic problems as it may become endemic in the hospital and give rise to future clonal outbreaks. There is also the potential for wider geographical spread.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics*
  4. Fulltext Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica isolated from indigenous vegetables and poultry in Malaysia
    Yoke-Kqueen C, Learn-Han L, Noorzaleha AS, Son R, Sabrina S, Jiun-Horng S, et al.
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 2008 Mar;46(3):318-24.
    PMID: 18179445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02311.x
    The aims of this communication were to study characterization of serogroups among Salmonella isolates and the relationship of antimicrobial resistance to serogroups. Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) was performed on 189 Salmonella enterica isolates associated with 38 different serovars that were recovered from poultry and four types of indigenous vegetables.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  5. Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing dual carbapenemases (NDM-1 and OXA-232) and 16S rRNA methylase (armA) isolated from a Malaysian patient returning from India
    Al-Marzooq F, Ngeow YF, Tay ST
    Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2015 Apr;45(4):445-6.
    PMID: 25631676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.013
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  6. Gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities
    Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Sagathevan K, Khan NA
    Int Microbiol, 2020 Nov;23(4):511-526.
    PMID: 32124096 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00123-3
    Infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. Hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. Herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. A variety of species were procured including invertebrate species, Blaptica dubia (cockroach), Gromphadorhina portentosa (cockroach), Scylla serrata (crab), Grammostola rosea (tarantula), Scolopendra subspinipes (centipede) and vertebrate species including Varanus salvator (water monitor lizard), Malayopython reticulatus (python), Cuora amboinensis (tortoise), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia fish), Rattus rattus (rat), Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and Lithobates catesbeianus (frog). Gut bacteria of these animals were isolated and identified using microbiological, biochemical, analytical profiling index (API) and through molecluar identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial conditioned media (CM) were prepared and tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as human cells (HaCaT). The results revealed that CM exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Upon heat inactivation, CM retained their antibacterial properties suggesting that this effect may be due to secondary metabolites or small peptides. CM showed minimal cytotoxicity against human cells. These findings suggest that gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments produce broad-spectrum antibacterial molecule(s). The molecular identity of the active molecule(s) together with their mode of action is the subject of future studies which could lead to the rational development of novel antibacterial(s).
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/physiology
  7. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the tropics of Southeast Asia
    Zulkeflle SNM, Yusaimi YA, Sugiura N, Iwamoto K, Goto M, Utsumi M, et al.
    Microbiology (Reading), 2016 12;162(12):2064-2074.
    PMID: 27902427 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000392
    Antibiotic resistance has become a major public health problem throughout the world. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in hospital wastewater is a cause for great concern today. In this study, 276 Staph. aureus isolates were recovered from hospital wastewater samples in Malaysia. All of the isolates were screened for susceptibility to nine different classes of antibiotics: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Screening tests showed that 100 % of Staph.aureus isolates exhibited resistance against kanamycin, vancomycin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid. Additionally, 91, 87, 50, 43, 11 and 8.7 % of isolates showed resistance against erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, respectively. Based on these results, 100 % of isolates demonstrated multidrug-resistant (MDR) characteristics, displaying resistance against more than three classes of antibiotics. Of 276 isolates, nine exhibited resistance to more than nine classes of tested antibiotics; these were selected for antibiotic susceptibility testing and examined for the presence of conserved ARGs. Interestingly, a high percentage of the selected MDR Staph.aureus isolates did not contain conserved ARGs. These results indicate that non-conserved MDR gene elements may have already spread into the environment in the tropics of Southeast Asia, and unique resistance mechanisms against several antibiotics may have evolved due to stable, moderate temperatures that support growth of bacteria throughout the year.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  8. Fulltext Clonal relatedness in the acquisition of intestinal carriage and transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and its risk factors among preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
    Lee YQ, Ahmad Kamar A, Velayuthan RD, Chong CW, Teh CSJ
    Pediatr Neonatol, 2021 03;62(2):129-137.
    PMID: 33218933 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.10.002
    BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal carriage of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, was highly associated with severe nosocomial infections. The main objectives of this study were to determine the clonal relatedness of intestinal carriage and transmission risk factors of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae amongst preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

    METHODS: A prospective cohort study of preterm infants with gestational age 

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  9. Detection of VIM-2-, IMP-1- and NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Malaysia
    Liew SM, Rajasekaram G, Puthucheary SD, Chua KH
    J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2018 06;13:271-273.
    PMID: 29432937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.01.026
    OBJECTIVES: The increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa along with the discovery of novel metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is of concern. In this study, the isolation of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa clinical strains in Malaysia was investigated.

    METHODS: A total of 53 P. aeruginosa clinical strains were isolated from different patients in Sultanah Aminah Hospital (Johor Bahru, Malaysia) in 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem and meropenem were determined by Etest. Carbapenem-resistant strains were screened for MBL production by the imipenem-ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (IMP-EDTA) double-disk synergy test, MBL imipenem/imipenem-inhibitor (IP/IPI) Etest and PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was performed for genotyping of the isolates.

    RESULTS: Among the 53 clinical strains, 3 (5.7%) were identified as MBL-producers. Multidrug resistance was observed in all three strains, and two were resistant to all of the antimicrobials tested. Sequencing analysis confirmed that the three strains harboured carbapenemase genes (blaIMP-1, blaVIM-2 and blaNDM-1 in one isolate each). These multidrug-resistant strains were identified as sequence type 235 (ST235) and ST308.

    CONCLUSIONS: The blaIMP-1 and blaNDM-1 genes have not previously been reported in Malaysian P. aeruginosa isolates. The emergence of imipenemase 1 (IMP-1)- and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-producing P. aeruginosa in Malaysia maybe travel-associated.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  10. Fulltext Novel Polymyxin Combination with the Antiretroviral Zidovudine Exerts Synergistic Killing against NDM-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Lin YW, Abdul Rahim N, Zhao J, Han ML, Yu HH, Wickremasinghe H, et al.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2019 04;63(4).
    PMID: 30670431 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02176-18
    Polymyxins are used as a last-line therapy against multidrug-resistant (MDR) New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae However, polymyxin resistance can emerge with monotherapy; therefore, novel strategies are urgently needed to minimize the resistance and maintain their clinical utility. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B in combination with the antiretroviral drug zidovudine against K. pneumoniae Three isolates were evaluated in static time-kill studies (0 to 64 mg/liter) over 48 h. An in vitro one-compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model (IVM) was used to simulate humanized dosage regimens of polymyxin B (4 mg/liter as continuous infusion) and zidovudine (as bolus dose thrice daily to achieve maximum concentration of drug in broth [Cmax] of 6 mg/liter) against K. pneumoniae BM1 over 72 h. The antimicrobial synergy of the combination was further evaluated in a murine thigh infection model against K. pneumoniae 02. In the static time-kill studies, polymyxin B monotherapy produced rapid and extensive killing against all three isolates followed by extensive regrowth, whereas zidovudine produced modest killing followed by significant regrowth at 24 h. Polymyxin B in combination with zidovudine significantly enhanced the antimicrobial activity (≥4 log10 CFU/ml) and minimized bacterial regrowth. In the IVM, the combination was synergistic and the total bacterial loads were below the limit of detection for up to 72 h. In the murine thigh infection model, the bacterial burden at 24 h in the combination group was ≥3 log10 CFU/thigh lower than each monotherapy against K. pneumoniae 02. Overall, the polymyxin B-zidovudine combination demonstrates superior antimicrobial efficacy and minimized emergence of resistance to polymyxins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects*
  11. Fulltext Identification of IncA/C Plasmid Replication and Maintenance Genes and Development of a Plasmid Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme
    Hancock SJ, Phan MD, Peters KM, Forde BM, Chong TM, Yin WF, et al.
    Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2017 02;61(2).
    PMID: 27872077 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01740-16
    Plasmids of incompatibility group A/C (IncA/C) are becoming increasingly prevalent within pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae They are associated with the dissemination of multiple clinically relevant resistance genes, including blaCMY and blaNDM Current typing methods for IncA/C plasmids offer limited resolution. In this study, we present the complete sequence of a blaNDM-1-positive IncA/C plasmid, pMS6198A, isolated from a multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Hypersaturated transposon mutagenesis, coupled with transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS), was employed to identify conserved genetic elements required for replication and maintenance of pMS6198A. Our analysis of TraDIS data identified roles for the replicon, including repA, a toxin-antitoxin system; two putative partitioning genes, parAB; and a putative gene, 053 Construction of mini-IncA/C plasmids and examination of their stability within E. coli confirmed that the region encompassing 053 contributes to the stable maintenance of IncA/C plasmids. Subsequently, the four major maintenance genes (repA, parAB, and 053) were used to construct a new plasmid multilocus sequence typing (PMLST) scheme for IncA/C plasmids. Application of this scheme to a database of 82 IncA/C plasmids identified 11 unique sequence types (STs), with two dominant STs. The majority of blaNDM-positive plasmids examined (15/17; 88%) fall into ST1, suggesting acquisition and subsequent expansion of this blaNDM-containing plasmid lineage. The IncA/C PMLST scheme represents a standardized tool to identify, track, and analyze the dissemination of important IncA/C plasmid lineages, particularly in the context of epidemiological studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics*
  12. An overview of Acinetobacter baumannii pathogenesis: Motility, adherence and biofilm formation
    Mea HJ, Yong PVC, Wong EH
    Microbiol Res, 2021 Jun;247:126722.
    PMID: 33618061 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126722
    The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii has gain notoriety in recent decades, primarily due to its propensity to cause nosocomial infections in critically ill patients. Its global spread, multi-drug resistance features and plethora of virulence factors make it a serious threat to public health worldwide. Though much effort has been expended in uncovering its successes, it continues to confound researchers due to its highly adaptive nature, mutating to meet the needs of a given environment. Its persistence in the clinical setting allows it to be in close proximity to a potential host, where contact can be made facilitating infection and colonization. In this article, we aim to provide a current overview of the bacterial virulence factors, specifically focusing on factors involved in the initial stages of infection, highlighting the role of adaptation facilitated by two-component systems and biofilm formation. Finally, the study of host-pathogen interactions using available animal models, their suitability, notable findings and some perspectives moving forward are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects
  13. Improving shared decision-making in adolescents through antibiotic education
    Ngadimon IW, Islahudin F, Mohamed Shah N, Md Hatah E, Makmor-Bakry M
    Int J Clin Pharm, 2017 Feb;39(1):120-125.
    PMID: 27905077 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0407-1
    Background Shared decision-making is vital in achieving desired drug therapy goals, especially with antibiotics, in view of the potential long-term reduction in drug resistance. However, shared decision-making is rarely practiced with adolescent patients. Objectives The aim of the study was to identify the effect antibiotic education has on willingness to engage in shared decision-making among adolescents in Malaysia. Setting Participants from secondary schools in Malaysia were enrolled with ethical approval. Method The adolescents answered a validated questionnaire, which included demographics, antibiotic knowledge, attitude towards antibiotic use, and the Control Preference Scale, which measures willingness to engage in shared decision-making. Afterwards, antibiotic education was delivered to participating students. Main outcome measure Knowledge about and attitude toward antibiotics were investigated. Results A total of 510 adolescents participated in the study. Knowledge of antibiotics significantly increased post education (pre 3.2 ± 1.8 vs. post 6.8 ± 2.1, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  14. Pharmaceutical waste and antimicrobial resistance
    Ahmad A, Patel I, Khan MU, Babar ZU
    Lancet Infect Dis, 2017 06;17(6):578-579.
    PMID: 28555576 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30268-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  15. Fulltext Diversified lineages and drug-resistance profiles of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Malaysia
    Noorizhab Fakhruzzaman MN, Abidin NZ, Aziz ZA, Lim WF, Richard JJ, Noorliza MN, et al.
    Int J Mycobacteriol, 2019 12 4;8(4):320-328.
    PMID: 31793500 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_144_19
    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health problem in Malaysia with thousands of cases reported yearly. This is further burdened with the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides high-resolution molecular epidemiological data for the accurate determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineages and prediction of the drug-resistance patterns. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of MTBC in Malaysia in terms of lineage and drug-resistance patterns of the clinical MTBC isolates using WGS approach.

    Methods: The genomes of 24 MTBC isolated from sputum and pus samples were sequenced. The phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of the isolates was determined for ten anti-TB drugs. Bioinformatic analysis comprising genome assembly and annotation and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis in genes associated with resistance to the ten anti-TB drugs were done on each sequenced genome.

    Results: The draft assemblies covered an average of 97% of the expected genome size. Eleven isolates were aligned to the Indo-Oceanic lineage, eight were East-Asian lineage, three were East African-Indian lineage, and one was of Euro-American and Bovis lineages, respectively. Twelve of the 24 MTBC isolates were phenotypically MDR M. tuberculosis: one is polyresistance and another one is monoresistance. Twenty-six SNPs across nine genes associated with resistance toward ten anti-TB drugs were detected where some of the mutations were found in isolates that were previously reported as pan-susceptible using DST. A haplotype consisting of 65 variants was also found among the MTBC isolates with drug-resistance traits.

    Conclusions: This study is the first effort done in Malaysia to utilize 24 genomes of the local clinical MTBC isolates. The high-resolution molecular epidemiological data obtained provide valuable insights into the mechanistic and epidemiological qualities of TB within the vicinity of Southeast Asia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics*
  16. Synergistic Antibacterial Activity Between 1,4-Naphthoquinone and β-Lactam Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Yap JKY, Tan SYY, Tang SQ, Thien VK, Chan EWL
    Microb Drug Resist, 2021 Feb;27(2):234-240.
    PMID: 32589487 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0178
    Aims: Currently, limited antibiotics are available to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. One approach is the use of adjuvants in antibiotic therapy. 1,4-Naphthoquinones are naturally occurring alkaloids shown to have antibacterial properties. The objective of this study is to investigate the synergy between 1,4-naphthoquinone and selected β-lactam antibiotics and to evaluate the potential use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as an adjuvant in antibiotic treatment against MRSA infections. Methods: The antibacterial activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and plumbagin was tested against nine pathogenic bacterial strains using the microdilution broth method. The interactions between 1,4-naphthoquinone and three antibiotics (cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and imipenem) were estimated by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration of the combination. Results: The compounds 1,4-naphthoquinone and plumbagin exhibited a broad range of bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The interaction between 1,4-naphthoquinone and imipenem, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime was synergistic against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA clinical strains. Against ATCC-cultured MRSA, a synergistic effect was observed between 1,4-naphthoquinone and cefotaxime. However, combination with imipenem only produced an additive effect, and an antagonistic action was observed between 1,4-naphthoquinone and cefuroxime. Conclusions: Although individually less potent than common antibiotics, 1,4-naphthoquinone acts synergistically with imipenem, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime against MRSA clinical strains and could potentially be used in adjuvant-antibiotic therapy against multidrug resistant bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects*
  17. The Role of Nanoparticles in the Inhibition of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms
    AlMatar M, Makky EA, Var I, Koksal F
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2018;15(4):470-484.
    PMID: 29219055 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666171207163504
    BACKGROUND: Until recently, one of the main reasons for mortality has been infectious diseases, and bacteria that are drug-resistant have emerged as a result of the wide application, as well as the misuse of antibacterial medications. Having multidrug-resistance, bacteria present a great problem for the efficient management of bacterial infections and this challenge has resulted in the creation of other means of dealing with bacterial diseases. Of late, metallic nanoparticles (NPs), employed as antibacterial agents, have the potential for use against resistance to bacterial drugs.

    OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms of bacterial resistance are described in this review and this is followed by an outline of the features and uses of metallic NPs as antibiotic agents to address bacteria that are antibiotic- sensitive and resistant. Additionally, a general impression of metallic NPs as antibiofilm bactericidal agents is presented.

    CONCLUSION: Biofilms and bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics present a grave public health challenge and this has enhanced the need to develop new bactericidal agents. Therefore, nanomaterials are considered as a potential platform for managing bacterial infections.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects*
  18. Fulltext Single-molecule sequencing reveals the molecular basis of multidrug-resistance in ST772 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    Steinig EJ, Andersson P, Harris SR, Sarovich DS, Manoharan A, Coupland P, et al.
    BMC Genomics, 2015;16:388.
    PMID: 25981586 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1599-9
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-associated infection, but there is growing awareness of the emergence of multidrug-resistant lineages in community settings around the world. One such lineage is ST772-MRSA-V, which has disseminated globally and is increasingly prevalent in India. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of DAR4145, a strain of the ST772-MRSA-V lineage from India, and investigate its genomic characteristics in regards to antibiotic resistance and virulence factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics*
  19. Fulltext ermA, ermC , tetM and tetK are essential for erythromycin and tetracycline resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from a tertiary hospital in Malaysia
    Lim KT, Hanifah YA, Yusof M, Thong KL
    Indian J Med Microbiol, 2012 Apr-Jun;30(2):203-7.
    PMID: 22664438 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.96693
    The objective of this study was to determine the expression and transferability of tetracycline and erythromycin resistance among 188 MRSA strains from a Malaysian tertiary hospital. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin ranged from 4 to 512 μg/ml, 0.25 to 256 μg/ml, 0.5 to 256 μg/ml and 0.5 to 512 μg/ml, respectively. Tetracycline-resistant strains showed co-resistance towards ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) of high-level tetracycline (≥MIC 256 μg/ml) and erythromycin (≥MIC 128 μg/ml) resistant strains in between the years 2003 and 2008. All erythromycin-resistant strains harboured ermA or ermC gene and all tetracycline-resistant strains harboured tetM or tetK gene. The blaZ was detected in all MRSA strains, whereas ermA, tetM, ermC, tetK and msrA genes were detected in 157 (84%), 92 (49%), 40 (21%), 39 (21%) and 4 (2%) MRSA strains, respectively. The blaZ, tetM, ermC and tetK genes were plasmid-encoded, with ermC gene being easily transmissible. Tn5801-like transposon was present in 78 tetM-positive strains. ermA and tetM genes were the most prevalent erythromycin and tetracycline resistance determinants, respectively, in MRSA strains. The association of resistance genes with mobile genetic elements possibly enhances the spread of resistant traits in MRSA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  20. Fulltext Public Health Risks of Multiple-Drug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Southeast Asia
    Daniel DS, Lee SM, Dykes GA, Rahman S
    Appl Environ Microbiol, 2015 Sep;81(18):6090-7.
    PMID: 26150452 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01741-15
    Enterococci rank as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract infections, surgical wound infections, and endocarditis, in humans. These infections can be hard to treat because of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. Enterococci inhabiting nonhuman reservoirs appear to play a critical role in the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants. The spread of antibiotic resistance has become a major concern in both human and veterinary medicine, especially in Southeast Asia, where many developing countries have poor legislation and regulations to control the supply and excessive use of antimicrobials. This review addresses the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries and proposes infection control measures that should be applied to limit the spread of multiple-drug-resistant enterococci.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
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