Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 122 in total

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  1. Daud NA, Ab-Rahman A
    Neurosciences (Riyadh), 2012 Jul;17(3):269-70.
    PMID: 22772938
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects*
  2. Haerian BS, Lim KS, Tan HJ, Mohamed EH, Tan CT, Raymond AA, et al.
    Epileptic Disord, 2011 Mar;13(1):65-75.
    PMID: 21388909 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2011.0419
    Over-expression of P-glycoprotein, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, is proposed to be involved in resistance to antiepileptic drugs in about 30% of patients with epilepsy. Here, we investigated the possible association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and sodium valproate (VPA) treatment in Malaysian epilepsy patients. Genotypes were assessed in 249 drug-resistant and 256 drug-responsive Malaysian patients for C1236T, G2677T/A, and C 5T polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene. No genotypes, alleles, or haplotypes were associated with the response to VPA in either the overall group or Chinese, Indian, and Malay subgroups. Our data suggest that C1236T, G2677T/A, and C3435T polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene do not contribute to the response to VPA in patients with epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
  3. Haerian BS, Roslan H, Raymond AA, Tan CT, Lim KS, Zulkifli SZ, et al.
    Seizure, 2010 Jul;19(6):339-46.
    PMID: 20605481 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2010.05.004
    The C3435T, a major allelic variant of the ABCB1 gene, is proposed to play a crucial role in drug-resistance in epilepsy. The C/C genotype carriers reportedly are at higher risk of pharmacoresistance to AEDs, but only in some studies. The hypothesis of the C-variant associated risk and resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has been hampered by conflicting results from inadequate power in case-control studies. To assess the role of C3435T polymorphism in drug-resistance in epilepsy, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
  4. Chew NK, Tan CT, Goh KJ
    J Clin Neurosci, 2002 Sep;9(5):604-5.
    PMID: 12383430
    A 24-year-old woman presented with a 3.5-year history of paroxysmal dystonia that was precipitated by sudden movement, especially when she started to walk. It was characterised by shrugging of shoulders, flexion of the neck and thoracic spine, and stiffness of the right leg followed by falls. Each attack lasted for less than 5min. Inadequate sleep and stress were exacerbating factors. There was no similar family history. Physical examination and investigations were normal. The following manoeuvres that caused vestibular stimulation precipitated attacks: turning her head from side to side while standing still, sitting still on a rotating chair and an ice-water caloric test. She had partial responses to phenytoin and levodopa, and a good response to haloperidol. Vestibular stimulation as a precipitating factor in paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis has not been reported previously.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
  5. Vigneswari G, Sofiah A, Hussain IHMI
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Sep;56(3):359-64.
    PMID: 11732083
    An observational study of all children with intractable epilepsy at the Paediatric Institute prescribed Lamotrigine as an add-on therapy between January 1994 and November 1998 was conducted. A total of 30 children were recruited. Three had adverse effects to the drug and it was withdrawn. Of the remaining 27, there were 20 boys and 7 girls, ranging from 2 to 17 years. Fifteen children had generalised epilepsy, 6 had partial epilepsy, 2 had West syndrome and 4 had Lennox Gastaut syndrome. Six children (20%) became seizure free, and 14 (54%) had a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. However 7 children (23%) did not respond and 3 experienced a deterioration in seizure severity. Nine children were noted to have an improvement in alertness and behaviour. Our small series suggests that Lamotrigine is useful as add-on therapy in childhood intractable epilepsy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
  6. Raju SS, Noor AR, Gurthu S, Giriyappanavar CR, Acharya SB, Low HC, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 1999 Jun;39(6):451-4.
    PMID: 10373242
    There are no definite reports regarding the effects of chronic fluoxetine on animal models of epilepsy. Since chronically administered fluoxetine, in comparison to acutely administered fluoxetine has different effects on CNS, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acute and chronic fluoxetine pretreatment, on a median anticonvulsant dose (ED50) of phenytoin in male ICR albino mice. Additionally, the effects of fluoxetine pretreatment on median convulsive current (CC50) in the presence and absence of phenytoin were investigated and results were compared. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test was used to estimate the ED50of phenytoin. The electroshock threshold test was used to estimate CC50. ED50and CC50values were calculated by probit analysis. The effects of the chronic and acute fluoxetine groups on the ED50of phenytoin were significantly different (P<0.05), and on CC50this difference was not statistically significant. Chronic fluoxetine insignificantly increased the ED50of phenytoin and decreased the CC50while acute fluoxetine decreased the ED50of phenytoin and increased the CC50. Our results indicate that chronic fluoxetine does not have an antiepileptic property and it may have dubious proconvulsant properties, contrary to acute fluoxetine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/pharmacology
  7. Ling SG
    Ann Trop Paediatr, 2000 Sep;20(3):227-30.
    PMID: 11064777 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.2000.11748139
    A descriptive study using data from the medical records of 448 children with febrile convulsion was carried out to determine the seizure characteristics and use of anti-convulsant therapy for febrile convulsions in a Malaysian hospital. There was a higher incidence of multiple seizures and a lower incidence of focal seizures in the local population than in studies done among Western populations. The majority of initial seizures occurred within 24 h of fever onset. Transient neurological abnormalities following an acute seizure were common. A quarter of children referred by general practitioners had been given anti-convulsants prior to referral but up to 20% of general practitioners had used ineffective routes for administering diazepam. However, diazepam used in the hospital was found to be effective in controlling acute febrile seizures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
  8. Raju SS, Gopalakrishna HN, Venkatadri N
    Pharmacol Res, 1998 Dec;38(6):449-52.
    PMID: 9990653
    A comparative effect of propranolol and nifedipine administered individually and in combination at graded dose levels; and that of phenytoin at 30 mg kg-1 on maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure in mice was investigated. Propranolol in doses of 10 mg kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1, and nifedipine in doses of 8 mg kg-1 and 16 mg kg-1 significantly modified MES activity. Propranolol (40 mg kg-1), and a combination of propranolol (20 mg kg-1) and nifedipine (8 mg kg-1), produced antiMES activity, which was comparable to that of phenytoin (30 mg kg-1). In mice treated with propranolol and nifedipine combination, the tonic flexor and tonic extensor phase ratios (F/E ratio) were significantly higher than individual drug responses. Our findings suggest that a combination of propranolol and nifedipine has either synergistic or an additive effect in controlling MES-induced seizures in mice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/pharmacology*
  9. Cugadasan V
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Sep;35(1):73-6.
    PMID: 7254004
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects
  10. Farrukh MJ, Makmor-Bakry M, Hatah E, Jan TH
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2021 Feb 04;21(1):50.
    PMID: 33541336 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03224-2
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its impact on antiepileptic drug (AED) adherence among patients with epilepsy.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 epilepsy patients, aged 18 years or older that did not have any physical or psychiatric illness. A patient-administered questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge, attitude towards, practice, and perceived effectiveness (KAPP) of CAM. Established adherence assessment tools were used to determine patient medication adherence.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of CAM usage was found to be at 58%. CAM was used more frequently by males (n = 32, 60.4%) than by females (n = 26, 55.3%; p = 0.609). The most commonly used CAM included vitamins and minerals (36%), ginseng (16%), antioxidants (15%), and acupuncture (12%). A significant number of patients had low knowledge of (59%) and a positive attitude (54%) toward complementary and alternative medicine. Main reasons for using CAM were a lower price, better availability, and inadequate seizure control by AEDs. About 43% of the patients who used CAM informed their doctor. Prevalence of non-adherence to AED therapy was found to be 68%. A significant association was found between non-adherence and CAM usage (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
  11. Nurs Stand, 2016 Jul 20;30(47):17.
    PMID: 27440341 DOI: 10.7748/ns.30.47.17.s20
    Children with epilepsy need targeted strategies to ensure they get sufficient vitamin D, say researchers in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects*
  12. Shiek Ahmad B, O'Brien TJ, Gorelik A, Hill KD, Wark JD
    J Clin Densitom, 2016 Oct;19(4):450-456.
    PMID: 27553750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.07.008
    Antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy is associated with decreased bone mineral density; however, the time course for this development is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral changes during the initial years of AED therapy in AED-naive, newly diagnosed epilepsy patients compared with non-AED users. In 49 epilepsy patients newly started on AEDs and in 53 non-AED users of both genders, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline (within the first year of therapy) and at least 1 yr later. Bone changes between the 2 assessments, adjusted for age, height, and weight, were calculated as the annual rate of change. The median duration of AED therapy was 3.5 mo at baseline and 27.6 mo at follow-up. No overall difference was found in mean BMD and bone mineral content measures between user and nonuser cohorts in both cross-sectional baseline and the annual rate of change (p > 0.05). However, users on carbamazepine monotherapy (n = 11) had an increased annual rate of total hip (-2.1% vs -0.8%, p = 0.020) and femoral neck BMD loss (-2.1% vs -0.6%, p = 0.032) compared to nonusers. They also had a marginally higher rate of femoral neck BMD loss (-2.1%, p = 0.049) compared with valproate (-0.1%, n = 13) and levetiracetam users (+0.6%, n = 13). During the initial years of AED treatment for epilepsy, no difference was found in bone measures between AED users as a group and nonuser cohorts. However, the data suggested that carbamazepine monotherapy was associated with increased bone loss at the hip regions, compared to users of levetiracetam or valproate and nonusers. Larger studies of longer duration are warranted to better delineate the bone effects of specific AEDs, with further consideration of the role of early dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning and careful AED selection in potentially minimizing the impact on bone health in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects*
  13. Khoo CS, Lee D, Park KM, In Lee B, Kim SE
    BMC Neurol, 2019 Dec 30;19(1):348.
    PMID: 31888520 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1575-0
    BACKGROUND: Chest pain as the primary manifestation of epilepsy is extremely rare and has only been reported once to date.

    CASE PRESENTATION: We herein describe a 47-year-old woman with recurrent chest pain for 3 years. The cause of her chest pain remained elusive despite extensive investigations including comprehensive cardiac work-up. She was referred to the neurology clinic for one episode of confusion. Video-electroencephalographic monitoring detected unequivocal ictal changes during her habitual chest pain events. She has remained chest pain (seizure) free with a single antiseizure drug.

    CONCLUSIONS: This case underlines the importance of epilepsy as a rare yet treatable cause of recurrent chest pain. Further studies are required to determine the pathophysiology of ictal chest pain.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
  14. Tsai JJ, Wu T, Leung H, Desudchit T, Tiamkao S, Lim KS, et al.
    Acta Neurol. Scand., 2018 Apr;137(4):378-391.
    PMID: 29214650 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12879
    Epileptic seizures are refractory to treatment in approximately one-third of patients despite the recent introduction of many newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Development of novel AEDs therefore remains a high priority. Perampanel is a first-in-class non-competitive selective AMPA receptor antagonist with a unique mechanism of action. Clinical efficacy and safety of perampanel as adjunctive treatment for focal seizures with/without secondary generalization (±SG) and primary generalized tonic-clonic (PGTC) seizures have been established in five phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and a long-term extension study, and perampanel is approved as monotherapy for focal seizures ±SG in the USA. In patients with focal seizures ±SG, add-on perampanel resulted in median percent reduction in seizure frequency 23.3%-34.5% and ≥50% responder rate 28.5%-37.6%; in PGTC seizures, these results were 76.5% and 64.2%, respectively. Efficacy among adolescents (reduction in seizure frequency 34.8%-35.6%; ≥50% responder rate 40.9%-45.0%) and elderly people (reduction in seizure frequency 12.5%-16.9%; ≥50% responder rate 22.2%-42.9%) is similar to those in adults, and results remain comparable between Asian (reduction in seizure frequency 17.3%-38.0%) and global populations. Perampanel has been extensively studied in real-world clinical practice, with similar efficacy and safety results to the RCTs (≥50% responder rate 12.8%-75.0%; adverse events of somnolence/sedation, dizziness, ataxia, and behavioral changes). Real-world observational studies suggest that perampanel tolerability can be improved by slow titration (2 mg every 2-4 weeks), and bedtime administration can mitigate somnolence and dizziness. Counseling about the potential for behavioral changes and close monitoring are recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
  15. Lin Lin Lee V, Kar Meng Choo B, Chung YS, P Kundap U, Kumari Y, Shaikh MF
    Int J Mol Sci, 2018 Mar 15;19(3).
    PMID: 29543761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030871
    Metabolic epilepsy is a metabolic abnormality which is associated with an increased risk of epilepsy development in affected individuals. Commonly used antiepileptic drugs are typically ineffective against metabolic epilepsy as they do not address its root cause. Presently, there is no review available which summarizes all the treatment options for metabolic epilepsy. Thus, we systematically reviewed literature which reported on the treatment, therapy and management of metabolic epilepsy from four databases, namely PubMed, Springer, Scopus and ScienceDirect. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we reviewed a total of 43 articles. Based on the reviewed articles, we summarized the methods used for the treatment, therapy and management of metabolic epilepsy. These methods were tailored to address the root causes of the metabolic disturbances rather than targeting the epilepsy phenotype alone. Diet modification and dietary supplementation, alone or in combination with antiepileptic drugs, are used in tackling the different types of metabolic epilepsy. Identification, treatment, therapy and management of the underlying metabolic derangements can improve behavior, cognitive function and reduce seizure frequency and/or severity in patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
  16. Lim JA, Jamil A, Ramli NA, Johar FM, Nor M
    Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2024 Jan 24;81(3):e69-e72.
    PMID: 37864830 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad264
    PURPOSE: Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug known for its high tolerability, and severe adverse drug reactions are rare. We report the case of a severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction in a patient who was switched from brand-name to generic levetiracetam.

    SUMMARY: A 29-year-old woman undergoing contrast-enhanced computed tomography developed lesions over her trunk starting 6 hours after imaging. Although initially diagnosed as an allergy to the radiocontrast agent, the condition progressively worsened into toxic epidermal necrolysis-drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms overlap syndrome, despite adequate hydration and treatment. Investigation of the patient's medications revealed that she had been switched from brand-name to generic levetiracetam a week before the onset of symptoms. Levetiracetam was immediately discontinued, with the patient recovering after 2 weeks of intensive care. Adverse drug reaction analysis identified excipients in generic levetiracetam as the likely cause of the severe reaction.

    CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of severe cutaneous drug allergy after a brand-to-generic switch for levetiracetam. Brand-to-generic switches of medications can potentially cause severe allergic reactions due to differences in excipients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects
  17. Lim KS, Wong KY, Chee YC, Fong SL, Yu X, Ng CG, et al.
    Epilepsy Behav, 2023 Nov;148:109455.
    PMID: 37774547 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109455
    OBJECTIVE: People with epilepsy (PWE) have a high prevalence of developing depression and anxiety. The objective is to determine the feasibility of brief screening tools to screen for depression and anxiety in epilepsy, and the predictive factors.

    METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study in the neurology clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The screening tools used were the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) and the General Anxiety Disorder Form (GAD-7).

    RESULTS: Five hundred and eighty-five patients were recruited in this study, and 50.8% of them were male, predominantly Chinese (46.7%), with a mean age of seizure onset of 21.8 ± 16.1 years. The majority had focal seizures (75.0%), and 41.9% had seizure remission. There were 15.5% who scored ≥15 in the NDDI-E, and 17.0% had moderate or severe anxiety (scored ≥10 in the GAD-7). In a regression model to predict the NDDI-E score, the age of seizure onset recorded a higher beta value (β = -0.265, p =

    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use
  18. Chung WH, Chang WC, Lee YS, Wu YY, Yang CH, Ho HC, et al.
    JAMA, 2014 Aug 6;312(5):525-34.
    PMID: 25096692 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.7859
    The antiepileptic drug phenytoin can cause cutaneous adverse reactions, ranging from maculopapular exanthema to severe cutaneous adverse reactions, which include drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The pharmacogenomic basis of phenytoin-related severe cutaneous adverse reactions remains unknown.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/adverse effects*; Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics
  19. Kazi JA, Abu-Hassan MI
    J Mol Neurosci, 2011 Oct;45(2):101-9.
    PMID: 20734160 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9435-9
    A growing body of evidence suggests the existence of a functional interaction between gabapentin (GBP)-morphine system. However, the neuro-anatomical sites and molecular mechanism of action of gabapentin-morphine interaction to prevent and reverse morphine side effects as well as enhancement of the analgesic effect of morphine is not clear. Therefore, we examined the combined effects of GBP-morphine on acute morphine-induced c-Fos expression in rat nucleus accumbens. The combined effect of GBP-morphine was examined by means of c-Fos immunohistochemistry. A single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of morphine (10 mg/kg), saline (control), and co-injection of GBP (150 mg/kg) with morphine (5 mg/kg) was administered under anesthesia. The deeply anesthetized rats were perfused transcardially with 4% paraformaldehyde 2 h after drugs administration. Serial 40 μm thick sections of brain were cut and processed by immunohistochemistry to locate and quantify the sites and number of neurons with c-Fos immunoreactivity. Detection of c-Fos protein was performed using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase detection protocol. The present study demonstrated that, administration of GBP (150 mg/kg, i.p.) in combination with morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p < 0.01) attenuated the acute morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced c-Fos expression in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. Present results showed that GBP-morphine combination action prevented the acute morphine-induced c-Fos expression in rat nucleus accumbens. Moreover, this study provides first evidence of neuro-anatomical site and that GBP neutralized the morphine-induced activation of rat nucleus accumbens shell.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/metabolism; Anticonvulsants/pharmacology
  20. Ab Rahman AF, Ibrahim MI, Ismail HI, Seng TB
    Pharm World Sci, 2005 Oct;27(5):403-6.
    PMID: 16341748
    OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine the effect of lamotrigine add-on therapy on the seizure frequency and cost in paediatric patients. (2) To determine the prescribing pattern of other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

    METHOD: A retrospective study of medical records was carried out from October 2000 to June 2001 at the paediatric clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang.

    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Seizure frequency, cost of drug and types of AED prescribed.

    RESULTS: A total of 209 medical records were retrieved during the study period. Lamotrigine (LTG) was prescribed in 29 patients as add-on therapy. In 18 patients, there was a significant reduction in seizure frequency after the addition of LTG. Approximately 70% experienced a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 50%. Side effects of LTG were considered mild and manageable. However, drug cost after the addition of LTG increased by 103%. In the remaining 180 patients, the most common AED prescribed was sodium valproate (VPA). Only 15% of the patients received combination therapy. Mean monthly cost of monotherapy was found to be RM 24.4 while monthly cost of combination therapy was RM 45.4 (1 Euro-RM 5.00).

    CONCLUSION: The majority of paediatric patients in the study are on AED monotherapy and only a small percentage was prescribed lamotrigine. The use of lamotrigine is associated with better seizure control but with an increase in drug cost.

    Study site: paediatric clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anticonvulsants/economics; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use*
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