Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 98 in total

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  1. Prevalence of cognitive and functional impairment in a community sample in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
    Lopes MA, Hototian SR, Bustamante SE, Azevedo D, Tatsch M, Bazzarella MC, et al.
    Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2007 Aug;22(8):770-6.
    PMID: 17173353
    This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of cognitive and functional impairment (CFI) in a community sample in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, evaluating its distribution in relation to various socio-demographic and clinical factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
  2. Fulltext Polychlorinated biphenyl and heavy metal exposures among fishermen in the Straits of Malacca: neurobehavioural performance
    Mohamad A, Azlan A, Adon MY, Khoo HE, Razman MR
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2015;24(3):515-24.
    PMID: 26420195 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2015.24.3.06
    The aim of this study was to determine the level of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected heavy metals among fishermen via dietary intake of fish and other seafood from the eastern coast along the Straits of Malacca. This study determined the neurobehavioural performances (based on neurobehavioural core test battery scores) of the fishermen and evaluated the correlations between scores of neurobehavioural core test battery and exposure factors. Ninety fishermen participated in the study. The total fish intakes of the fishermen were measured using a set of food frequency questionnaires. The PCBs contents in the seafood samples ranged between 0.2 and 0.6 pg/g fresh sample. The concentrations of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the seafood samples were 1.1-5.4, 0.3-4.4, 0.6-36.1, and 0.02-0.3 μg/g fresh sample, respectively. The PCBs, Hg, As, Cd, and Pb exposures of the fishermen was estimated to be 2.8, 0.02, 4.5, 0.09, and 0.5 pg/kg body weight/day, respectively. PCB and heavy metal exposures through dietary intake of fish and seafood were within the tolerable daily limits. The results of neurobehavioural core test battery revealed that the neurobehavioural performances of the fishermen were not affected due to PCB and heavy metal intoxication. No correlations were found between the exposure and neurobehavioural performance among the fishermen. These data are useful for policy makers to assure the safety and quality of seafood in relation to sea pollution. Although the levels of exposure were low, periodic assessment of the quality of fish and fish products is required due to the polluted seawater.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
  3. Fulltext An Exploratory Factor Analysis of a Brief Self-Report Scale to Detect Neurocognitive Impairment Among Participants Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Therapy
    Copenhaver M, Shrestha R, Wickersham JA, Weikum D, Altice FL
    J Subst Abuse Treat, 2016 Apr;63:61-5.
    PMID: 26879859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.01.002
    The present study examines the factor structure of the existing Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS) through the use of exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The NIS is a brief, self-report measure originally designed to assess neurocognitive impairment (NCI) by having patients rate a range of items that may influence cognitive functioning. Stabilized patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT; N=339) in New Haven, CT who reported drug- or sex-related HIV risk behaviors in the past 6 months were administered the full 95-item NIS. An EFA was then conducted using principal axis factoring and orthogonal varimax rotation. The EFA resulted in retaining 57 items, with a 9-factor solution that explained 54.8% of the overall variance. The revised 9-factor measure--now referred to as the Brief Inventory of Neuro-cognitive Impairment (BINI)--showed a diverse set of factors with excellent to good reliability (i.e., F1 α=0.97 to F9 α=0.73). This EFA suggests the potential utility of using the BINI in the context of addiction treatment. Further research should examine the utility of this tool within other clinical care settings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data*
  4. Comparison of gait parameters across three attentional loading conditions during timed up and go test in stroke survivors
    Manaf H, Justine M, Ting GH, Latiff LA
    Top Stroke Rehabil, 2014 Mar-Apr;21(2):128-36.
    PMID: 24710973 DOI: 10.1310/tsr2102-128
    Little is known about the effects of attentional loading on performance of turning during walking in individuals with stroke.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  5. Fulltext The use of potentially inappropriate medications and changes in quality of life among older nursing home residents
    Al Aqqad SM, Chen LL, Shafie AA, Hassali MA, Tangiisuran B
    Clin Interv Aging, 2014;9:201-7.
    PMID: 24489461 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S52356
    Nursing home residents are mainly older people with multiple diseases and taking multiple medications. The quality use of medication and its association with health related quality of life (HRQoL) have not been reported in Malaysia. This study aims to investigate the association between the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and the changes observed in the HRQoL among older nursing home residents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  6. The comparison of quality of life among people with mild dementia in nursing home and home care--a preliminary report
    Nikmat AW, Hawthorne G, Al-Mashoor SH
    Dementia (London), 2015 Jan;14(1):114-25.
    PMID: 24339093 DOI: 10.1177/1471301213494509
    Living arrangements play an important role in determining the quality of life (QoL) of people with dementia. Although informal care (home-based) is favored, the transition to formal (institutional) care often becomes necessary, especially in the later stages of dementia. Nevertheless, there is currently no definitive evidence showing that informal or formal care provides a higher QoL for those with dementia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  7. Generalization of cognitive training in an Australian sample of schizophrenia patients
    Sharip S, Michie P, Schall U, Drysdale K, Case V, Sankaranarayanan A, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2013 Oct;54(7):865-72.
    PMID: 23602388 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.015
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cognitive training in improving trained and untrained cognitive processes in schizophrenia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  8. Exhaled carbon monoxide levels among Malaysian male smokers with nicotine dependence
    Guan NC, Ann AY
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2012 Jan;43(1):212-8.
    PMID: 23082572
    We studied the use of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) to identify nicotine dependence among adult Malaysian male smokers. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 107 male smoking staff at a university hospital. We measured their exhaled CO using a piCO+ Smokerlyzer and diagnosed nicotine dependence using a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The optimal cut-off value for exhaled CO was determined. The correlation between exhaled CO level and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was also assessed. The mean exhaled CO level among subjects with nicotine dependence (15.78 ppm) was significantly higher than subjects without nicotine dependence (9.62 ppm). The cut-off value used to identify smokers with nicotine dependence was set at 10 ppm (specificity = 0.721, sensitivity = 0.731, positive predictive value = 0.817 and negative predictive value = 0.617). Psychometric properties were stable with various durations of smoking. Exhaled CO correlated positively with FTND scores (Pearson's rho = 0.398, p = 0.01). Our findings show exhaled CO can be used to identify nicotine dependence among adult Malaysian male smokers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  9. Acquisition of Malay word recognition skills: lessons from low-progress early readers
    Lee LW, Wheldall K
    Dyslexia, 2011 Feb;17(1):19-37.
    PMID: 21241030 DOI: 10.1002/dys.421
    Malay is a consistent alphabetic orthography with complex syllable structures. The focus of this research was to investigate word recognition performance in order to inform reading interventions for low-progress early readers. Forty-six Grade 1 students were sampled and 11 were identified as low-progress readers. The results indicated that both syllable awareness and phoneme blending were significant predictors of word recognition, suggesting that both syllable and phonemic grain-sizes are important in Malay word recognition. Item analysis revealed a hierarchical pattern of difficulty based on the syllable and the phonic structure of the words. Error analysis identified the sources of errors to be errors due to inefficient syllable segmentation, oversimplification of syllables, insufficient grapheme-phoneme knowledge and inefficient phonemic code assembly. Evidence also suggests that direct instruction in syllable segmentation, phonemic awareness and grapheme-phoneme correspondence is necessary for low-progress readers to acquire word recognition skills. Finally, a logical sequence to teach grapheme-phoneme decoding in Malay is suggested.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  10. Fulltext The effect of Polygonum minus extract on cognitive and psychosocial parameters according to mood status among middle-aged women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    Shahar S, Aziz AF, Ismail SN, Yahya HM, Din NC, Manaf ZA, et al.
    Clin Interv Aging, 2015;10:1505-20.
    PMID: 26445532 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S86411
    BACKGROUND: Polygonum minus (PM) or locally known in Malaysia, as "kesum" is rich in micronutrients and natural antioxidants. However, its beneficial effect on outcome associates with oxidative stress including cognitive function is yet to be discovered. We assessed the efficacy of PM extract (LineMinus™) on cognitive function and psychosocial status among middle-aged women in Klang Valley of Malaysia.

    METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among 35 healthy middle-aged women was performed, and subjects were randomized to receive either 250 mg PM or placebo of 100 mg maltodextrin each were taken twice daily for 6 weeks. Subjects were assessed for neuropsychological test, psychosocial status, and anthropometric at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Biomarkers were also determined at baseline and week 6.

    RESULTS: The supplementation of PM showed significant intervention effect on Digit Span test (P<0.05) social functioning domain of 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (P<0.05) among subjects with mood disturbance. While, among subjects with good mood, PM supplementation improved Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) for IQ verbal (P=0.016) and Full Scale IQ of WASI (P=0.004). There were no adverse effects reported for the supplementation as indicated using biomarkers, including liver function and clinical symptoms.

    CONCLUSION: Supplementation of PM is safe to be consumed for 6 weeks, with potential benefits to attention, short-term memory, improved quality of life, and mood, as well as IQ.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  11. The effects of negative emotion on encoding-related neural activity predicting item and source recognition
    Yick YY, Buratto LG, Schaefer A
    Neuropsychologia, 2015 Jul;73:48-59.
    PMID: 25936685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.04.030
    We report here a study that obtained reliable effects of emotional modulation of a well-known index of memory encoding--the electrophysiological "Dm" effect--using a recognition memory paradigm followed by a source memory task. In this study, participants performed an old-new recognition test of emotionally negative and neutral pictures encoded 1 day before the test, and a source memory task involving the retrieval of the temporal context in which pictures had been encoded. Our results showed that Dm activity was enhanced for all emotional items on a late positivity starting at ~400 ms post-stimulus onset, although Dm activity for high arousal items was also enhanced at an earlier stage (200-400 ms). Our results also showed that emotion enhanced Dm activity for items that were both recognised with or without correct source information. Further, when only high arousal items were considered, larger Dm amplitudes were observed if source memory was accurate. Three main conclusions are drawn from these findings. First, negative emotion can enhance encoding processes predicting the subsequent recognition of central item information. Second, if emotion reaches high levels of arousal, the encoding of contextual details can also be enhanced over and above the effects of emotion on central item encoding. Third, the morphology of our ERPs is consistent with a hybrid model of the role of attention in emotion-enhanced memory (Pottage and Schaefer, 2012).
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  12. Capgras syndrome in a very late onset, treatment resistant schizophrenia
    Ain MK, Rosdinom R, Raynuha M
    Int Psychogeriatr, 2015 Sep;27(9):1573-5.
    PMID: 25794136 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610215000332
    We report a Malay man, with underlying chronic medical illnesses, presenting with positive symptoms of schizophrenia, including Capgras syndrome (CS) at the age of 73. Physical examination and blood investigations were normal and brain CT scan showed age-related cerebral atrophy. Neuropsychological assessment showed probable right hemisphere lesions but relatively intact memory and intellectual functions. Several neuroleptics including depot injections were tried but ineffective. Positive symptoms including CS eventually improved with clozapine before his death from myocardial infarction. This case report highlights the uncommon occurrence of CS in treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) of very late onset and its treatment challenges.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  13. Fulltext Diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease--an update
    Srinivas P
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):541-9; quiz 550.
    PMID: 11072482
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the ageing population worldwide. Over 20 million people worldwide are affected by AD, which ensures that the disease imposes a major economic burden. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic clinical and neuropathological features. Neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques and amyloid angiopathy occur in varying severity in brains of patient's with Alzheimer's disease. Biological markers of AD allowing an early definitive premorbid diagnoses are currently not available. Memory loss for recent events is invariable and often the earliest prominent symptom. Language disorders, difficulties with complex tasks, depression, psychotic symptoms and behavioral changes are other common manifestations of AD. Diagnosis involves the early detection of cognitive decline and ruling out other causes of dementia like vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, fronto-temporal degeneration or reversible causes like hypothyroidism. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have shown to be effective in mild to moderate AD in improving the cognitive function of patients in clinical trials. Caregiver intervention programs have considerable potential to improve both the caregiver and patient quality of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  14. Identification of AKT1 3'UTR variants in two Indian schizophrenia patients with poor executive functioning
    Chow TJ, Tee SF, Loh SY, Yong HS, Abu Bakar AK, Song SL, et al.
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2018 Aug;36:17-18.
    PMID: 29864676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.025
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  15. Is there a schizophasia? A study applying the single case approach to formal thought disorder in schizophrenia
    Oh TM, McCarthy RA, McKenna PJ
    Neurocase, 2002;8(3):233-44.
    PMID: 12119320
    It has been suggested that formal thought disorder, the incoherent speech of schizophrenia, may involve a language disturbance among other abnormalities, or even be a form of dysphasia. Six patients with and seven without formal thought disorder were evaluated on an aphasia test battery. Spontaneous speech was also analysed using Brief Syntactic Analysis. Poor performance on the aphasia test battery was found to be associated with general intellectual impairment but not with formal thought disorder. Naming was preserved in both groups. Patients with formal thought disorder, but not those without, produced semantic errors in their spontaneous speech, and these were unrelated to general intellectual status. The disorder of language in formal thought disorder thus appears to be one of expressive semantic abnormality, which, however, spares naming. Further analysis of two intellectually preserved patients suggested that formal thought disorder may be associated with an additional difficulty in constructing an appropriate model for generating one's own speech.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  16. Fulltext Association between reduced visual-motor integration performance and socioeconomic factors among preschool children in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
    Hairol MI, Nordin N, P'ng J, Sharanjeet-Kaur S, Narayanasamy S, Mohd-Ali M, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(3):e0246846.
    PMID: 33657109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246846
    Visual-motor integration (VMI) is related to children's academic performance and school readiness. VMI scores measured using the Beery-Bucktenicka Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery-VMI) can differ due to differences in cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. This study compared the VMI scores of Malaysian preschoolers with the corresponding US norms and determined the association between their VMI scores and socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 preschoolers (mean age: 5.95±0.47 years; age range: 5.08-6.83 years) from randomly selected public and private preschools. VMI scores were measured using Beery-VMI in the preschools' classrooms. Information on the socioeconomic characteristics of the preschoolers was obtained using a parent-report questionnaire. One sample t-test was used to compare their VMI scores with the corresponding US norms. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the influence of socioeconomic factors on the preschoolers' VMI scores. Overall, Malaysian preschoolers' VMI performance was similar to the US standardized norms (p>0.05). Children from low-income families were twice likely to obtain lower than average VMI scores than those from higher-income families (OR = 2.47, 95%CI 1.05, 5.86). Children enrolled at public preschools were more likely to obtain a lower than average VMI score than those who enrolled at private preschools (OR = 2.60, 95%CI 1.12, 6.06). Children who started preschool at the age of six were more likely to obtain lower than average VMI scores than those who started at an earlier age (OR = 4.66, 95%CI 1.97, 11.04). Low maternal education level was also associated with lower than average VMI score (OR = 2.60, 95%CI 1.12, 6.06). Malaysian preschoolers' Beery-VMI performance compared well to their US counterparts. Some socioeconomic factors were associated with reduced VMI scores. Those from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to have reduced VMI performance, potentially adversely affecting their school readiness, cognitive performance, and future academic achievements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  17. Fulltext Neurodevelopmental effects of childhood malnutrition: A neuroimaging perspective
    Galler JR, Bringas-Vega ML, Tang Q, Rabinowitz AG, Musa KI, Chai WJ, et al.
    Neuroimage, 2021 05 01;231:117828.
    PMID: 33549754 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117828
    Approximately one in five children worldwide suffers from childhood malnutrition and its complications, including increased susceptibility to inflammation and infectious diseases. Due to improved early interventions, most of these children now survive early malnutrition, even in low-resource settings (LRS). However, many continue to exhibit neurodevelopmental deficits, including low IQ, poor school performance, and behavioral problems over their lifetimes. Most studies have relied on neuropsychological tests, school performance, and mental health and behavioral measures. Few studies, in contrast, have assessed brain structure and function, and to date, these have mainly relied on low-cost techniques, including electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials (ERP). The use of more advanced methods of neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), has been limited by cost factors and lack of availability of these technologies in developing countries, where malnutrition is nearly ubiquitous. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge and evidence gaps regarding childhood malnutrition and the study of its impact on neurodevelopment. It may help to inform the development of new strategies to improve the identification, classification, and treatment of neurodevelopmental disabilities in underserved populations at the highest risk for childhood malnutrition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  18. Investigation of brain electrophysiological properties among heroin addicts: Quantitative EEG and event-related potentials
    Motlagh F, Ibrahim F, Rashid R, Seghatoleslam T, Habil H
    J Neurosci Res, 2017 08;95(8):1633-1646.
    PMID: 27862172 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23988
    This study aims to introduce a new approach of a comprehensive paradigm to evaluate brain electrophysiological properties among addicts. Electroencephalographic spectral power as well as amplitudes and latencies of mismatch negativity (MMN), P300, and P600 components were evaluated among 19 male heroin addicts and 19 healthy nonsmoker subjects using a paradigm consisting of three subparadigms, namely (1) digit span Wechsler test, (2) auditory oddball, and (3) visual cue-reactivity oddball paradigms. Task 1 provided auditory P300 and P600 in association with working memory. Task 2 provided auditory P300 as well as small and large deviant MMN event-related potential (ERPs). Finally, task 3 provided visual cue-reactivity P300. Results show that beta power was higher among heroin addicts while delta, theta, and alpha powers were decreased compared with healthy subjects. ERP analysis confirmed the decline of brain-evoked potential amplitudes when compared with healthy subjects, thus indicating a broad neurobiological vulnerability of preattentive and attentional processing including attentional deficits and compromise of discrimination abilities. The prolonged latency of ERPs reflects poor cognitive capacity in the engagement of attention and memory resources. On the other hand, an increase of attention towards the heroin-related stimuli could be concluded from the increase of P300 in the cue-reactivity condition among heroin addicts. Findings suggest that applying this paradigm in addiction studies benefits comprehensive evaluation of neuroelectrophysiological activity among addicts, which can promote a better understanding of drugs' effects on the brain as well as define new neuroelectrophysiological characteristics of addiction properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  19. Fulltext Missense Mutation of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Alters Neurocognitive Performance in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study
    Narayanan V, Veeramuthu V, Ahmad-Annuar A, Ramli N, Waran V, Chinna K, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(7):e0158838.
    PMID: 27438599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158838
    The predictability of neurocognitive outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury is not straightforward. The extent and nature of recovery in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are usually heterogeneous and not substantially explained by the commonly known demographic and injury-related prognostic factors despite having sustained similar injuries or injury severity. Hence, this study evaluated the effects and association of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) missense mutations in relation to neurocognitive performance among patients with mTBI. 48 patients with mTBI were prospectively recruited and MRI scans of the brain were performed within an average 10.1 (SD 4.2) hours post trauma with assessment of their neuropsychological performance post full Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) recovery. Neurocognitive assessments were repeated again at 6 months follow-up. The paired t-test, Cohen's d effect size and repeated measure ANOVA were performed to delineate statistically significant differences between the groups [wildtype G allele (Val homozygotes) vs. minor A allele (Met carriers)] and their neuropsychological performance across the time point (T1 = baseline/ admission vs. T2 = 6th month follow-up). Minor A allele carriers in this study generally performed more poorly on neuropsychological testing in comparison wildtype G allele group at both time points. Significant mean differences were observed among the wildtype group in the domains of memory (M = -11.44, SD = 10.0, p = .01, d = 1.22), executive function (M = -11.56, SD = 11.7, p = .02, d = 1.05) and overall performance (M = -6.89 SD = 5.3, p = .00, d = 1.39), while the minor A allele carriers showed significant mean differences in the domains of attention (M = -11.0, SD = 13.1, p = .00, d = .86) and overall cognitive performance (M = -5.25, SD = 8.1, p = .01, d = .66).The minor A allele carriers in comparison to the wildtype G allele group, showed considerably lower scores at admission and remained impaired in most domains across the timepoints, although delayed signs of recovery were noted to be significant in the domains attention and overall cognition. In conclusion, the current study has demonstrated the role of the BDNF rs6265 Val66Met polymorphism in influencing specific neurocognitive outcomes in patients with mTBI. Findings were more detrimentally profound among Met allele carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
  20. Fulltext Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms coexisting in an elderly man
    Masiran R, Pang NT
    BMJ Case Rep, 2017 Feb 08;2017.
    PMID: 28179386 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218267
    We report a case of a man aged 67 years presenting with recent depressive symptoms and paranoid ideations in addition to 1-year cognitive impairment. He has vascular risk factors and family history of memory loss. An episode of depression 2 decades ago resolved spontaneously but was followed by occupational decline. On mental state examination, he denied having depressed mood, hallucinations or delusions, but there were prominent word-finding difficulties and impaired attention and concentration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neuropsychological Tests
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