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  1. Fulltext The prevalence of anxiety among medical students
    Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2005;1(1):13-20.
    Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anxiety among medical students at a local university in Malaysia and to identify its associated factors.
    Methods: Across-sectional study design was used. Three-hundred and ninety-six medical students at a local university in Malaysia were included in the study. A pre-tested, modified, self-administered Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to screen for anxiety.
    Results: Three-hundred-and-ninety-six out of 414 medical students participated (response rate 95.7%).38.4% of the medical students were found to have anxiety.
    Conclusion: The overall prevalence of anxiety among medical students was high (38.4%). Factors found to be significantly associated with anxiety were gender, perceived level of pressure, year of study in medical school, ethnicity and depression(p<0.05).
    Keywords: Anxiety, depression, medical students, prevalence
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  2. Fulltext Adaptation and validation of the safety attitude questionnaire (saq) in malaysian healthcare setting
    Harris Shah Abd H, Che Suriya Che K, Nor Shuhada Murad M
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2016;30:17-29.
    Safety culture has been shown to be related to patient outcomes and Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) is one of the measures of safety culture that has good psychometric properties. The present study attempts to adapt the short version of the Generic SAQ for use in Malaysian healthcare setting. The process of adaptation included forward translation and backward translation method, followed by content validity analysis by seven subject matter experts. All 36 items of the SAQ was retained for the field test. The Malaysian SAQ (MSAQ) was distributed to 400 healthcare workers in a hospital in Kuala Lumpur. There were 126 returned and usable questionnaires (31.5% return rate). The internal consistency indices of the MSAQ is acceptable but two items were revised due to low corrected itemtotal correlation. The revised MSAQ and the Barriers to Medication Administration Error Reporting scale was administered to nurses (n=175, with 76.1% response rate) of two public hospitals in East Peninsula of Malaysia. Internal consistency of the dimensions improved to .71 to .91. Dimensions of MSAQ correlated negatively with the barriers to error reporting, providing evidence of convergent validity. Thus, the revised MSAQ is suggested to be used for research and interventions in Malaysian healthcare organizations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  3. Political economy and politics of gender: maternal and child health in colonial Malaya
    Manderson L
    ISBN: 0-7315-0720-7
    Citation: Manderson L. Political economy and politics of gender: maternal and child health in colonial Malaya. In: Cohen P, Purcall J (editors). The Political Economy of Primary Health Care in Southeast Asia. Canberra: Australian Development Studies Network an ASEAN Training Centre for Primary Health Care Development; 1989, p79-100
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  4. Tumbuhan etnoperubatan sebagai perumah aktinomiset endofit yang bersifat bioaktif
    Nurul ‘Izzah Mohd Sarmin, Noraziah M. Zin, Nik Marzuki Sidik, Franco CM, Ng KT, Kaewkla O
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:547-551.
    Sembilan aktinomiset endofit telah berjaya dipencilkan daripada pokok yang mempunyai nilai ubatan dari beberapa tempat di Semenanjung Malaysia. Pencilan tersebut telah dikenalpasti melalui pemerhatian morfologi, amplifikasi gen 16S rRNA dan analisis penjujukan 16S rRNA. Saringan awal terhadap aktiviti antimikrob telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik calitan plat. Pembentukan miselium substrat dan aerial, warna jisim spora, pigmen larut dan morfologi rantai spora pada semua pencilan menyerupai Streptomyces sp. dan Microbispora sp. Analisis filogenetik jujukan separa 16S rRNA mendapati pencilan SUK 08, SUK 10 dan SUK 15 saling berkaitan dengan Streptomyceseurythermus ATCC 14975T. Walau bagaimanapun pencilan ini telah dipencilkan dari tumbuhan yang berbeza. Pencilan ini didapati mempunyai aktiviti antimikrob terhadap bakteria dan kulat kajian. Empat pencilan aktif iaitu SUK 08, SUK10, SUK 12 dan SUK 15 berupaya untuk membunuh dan merencat sehingga 100% satu atau lebih organisma patogen seperti Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani dan Trichoderma viride. Kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa tumbuhan etnoperubatan adalah sumber pencarian aktinomiset endofit bioaktif yang berupaya menjadi sumber novel dalam pencarian agen antibakteria dan antimikotik.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  5. Distribution of Aedes mosquitoes in three selected localities in Malaysia
    Wan-Norafikah O, Nazni W, Noramiza S, Shafa’ar-Ko’ohar S, Heah S, Nor-Azlina A, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1309-1313.
    Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the principle dengue vectors in Malaysia. The presence and distribution of Aedes larvae were studied in three different localities in Kelantan, Terengganu and Sabah, Malaysia in October 2008, November 2008 and June 2009. Two hundred (200) ovitraps per locality were placed randomly indoors and outdoors, depending on the environment of each locality. The highest mean number of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae per recovered ovitrap for both indoors and outdoors was obtained from Kg. Paya Rambai, Kelantan. The indoor populations of Ae. aegypti as well as the indoor and outdoor populations of Ae. albopictus in Kg. Paya Rambai, Kelantan were significantly higher than the other two study sites (p<0.05) by 1.03- and 4.67-folds, 2.36- and 5.84-folds and 1.98- and 4.00-folds, respectively. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were also found to breed within the same ovitraps placed indoors and outdoors in all study sites ranging from 15.22% to 31.82% of the total positive ovitraps. This study showed that both species could serve as the vectors of dengue in all study sites as indicated by the high populations recorded. The reliability and sensitivity of ovitraps in Aedes surveillance was also proven.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  6. Fulltext Neuropsychological profile at three months post injury in patients with traumatic brain injury
    Ali R, Wahab S, Abdul Rahman AH
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42(3):403-408.
    This study looked into the rate and pattern of neuropsychological impairment in patients with traumatic brain injury patients at three months post injury. Forty patients attending the neurosurgery outpatient clinic were included in the study. Benton visual retention test (BVRT), rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), digit span test, trail making test (TMT) and mini mental state examination (MMSE) were used for assessment. Forty five percent (n=18) sustained moderate to severe head injury. Twenty five percent (n=10) have abnormal MMSE result. Forty two and a half percent (n=17) have abnormal BVRT result. Seventy five percent (n=30) have abnormal RAVLT result while 35% (n=14) have abnormal digit span test result. Seventy seven and a half percent (n=31) have at least one neurological deficit. There was significant association between severity of head injury (GCS score) and neuropsychological deficit. This study highlights the point that in post head injury patients, there are high occurrences of cognitive dysfunction. MMSE and GCS play a significant and important role in assessing cognitive dysfunction. Severity of head injury as determined by GCS scores also influence the outcome in patients with head injury
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  7. A Comparison Between Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood Estimations in Estimating Finite Mixture Model for Financial Data
    Seuk-Yen Phoong, Mohd Tahir Ismail
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1033-1039.
    Over the years, maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian method became popular statistical tools in which applied to fit finite mixture model. These trends begin with the advent of computer technology during the last decades. Moreover, the asymptotic properties for both statistical methods also act as one of the main reasons that boost the popularity of the methods. The difference between these two approaches is that the parameters for maximum likelihood estimation are fixed, but unknown meanwhile the parameters for Bayesian method act as random variables with known prior distributions. In the present paper, both the maximum likelihood estimation and Bayesian method are applied to investigate the relationship between exchange rate and the rubber price for Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia. In order to identify the most plausible method between Bayesian method and maximum likelihood estimation of time series data, Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion are adopted in this paper. The result depicts that the Bayesian method performs better than maximum likelihood estimation on financial data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  8. Length-Weight Relationships of Acetes spp. Sampled Along the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
    Boon YW, Han KAO, Gideon Khoo
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:379-386.
    The present study describes the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of four Acetes species (Acetes indicus, A. serrulatus,
    A. japonicus and A. sibogae) which were sampled from offshore trawling and inshore catches along the west coast of
    Peninsular Malaysia. Morphometric measurements (total length, TL and wet weight, WW) were obtained from the samples
    and LWRs were estimated. All LWRs were significant (p<0.05) for the four species, with the coefficient of determination, R2
    >
    0.659. The estimated b values for LWR were 2.432-3.403. The R2
    value was >0.84 when the data was analysed according
    to inshore and offshore samples. Male and female A. indicus and A. serrulatus demonstrated negative allometric growth
    whilst male A. japonicus and A. sibogae showed isometric growth type. Positive allometric growth was depicted by a
    combined group of male and female A. sibogae. This study has contributed to the knowledge of the offshore and inshore
    distribution patterns of different populations of Acetes spp. in the Straits of Malacca. It also presents a comparison of
    the LWRs between offshore and inshore catches of A. indicus and A. serrulatus, with the inshore catches of A. japonicus
    and A. sibogae, which have not been previously reported. The findings of this study would contribute to the conservation
    and management of this commercially important fisheries resource.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  9. Isolation and Characterization of Styryllactone of Goniothalamus ridleyi
    Samsiah Jusoh, Laily B. Din, Zuriati Zakaria, Fasihuddin B. Ahmad
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:365-370.
    Phytochemical studies were conducted on the stem bark, stem, root and fruit of Goniothalamus ridleyi (Annonaceae)
    collected at Post Brooke, Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. Extraction using organic solvent followed by extensive
    purification using standard procedure afforded an epoxystyryllactone, 5-acetoxyisogoniothalamin oxide (1) from the
    stem bark and fruit; a styryllactone, 5-acetoxygoniothalamin (2) and a styrylpyrone, dehydrogoniothalamin (3) from
    the stem and root; a styryllactone, 5-hydroxygoniothalamin (4) from the root and styrylpyrone as well as goniothalamin
    (5) from the fruit. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  10. Allelopathic potential of the leaf and seed of Pueraria javanica benth. on the germination and growth of three selected weed species
    Ismail B, Syamimi Halimshah, Wan Juliana W, Nornasuha Yusof
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:517-521.
    Pueraria javanica Benth. is one of the most common leguminous cover crop used in oil palm plantations of Malaysia. A study was conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of this plant, using the aqueous extract, sandwich and dish-pack methods, with the seed and leaf (of P. javanica) on three bioassay weed species namely, Eleusine indica, Cyperus iria and Chromolaena odorata. The aqueous extract experiment was conducted using 0 (control), 16.7, 33.3 and 66.7 g/L of the aqueous leaf and seed extracts while the sandwich method was carried out using 10 and 50 mg of each of the donour plant parts. Meanwhile, the dish-pack method was done using four different distances (41, 58, 82 and 92 mm) away from the donour plant. All experiments were replicated five times using the complete randomized design (CRD). The leaf extract exhibited 100% reduction on the fresh weight of E. indica and C. odorata while the seed extract exhibited 100% reduction on all parameters for E. indica and on the fresh weight of C. iria at 66.7 g/L concentration. The seed and leaf at 10 and 50 mg significantly reduced the radicle length of all the bioassay species. The dish-pack experiment also showed a reduction effect on the germination percentage and seedling growth parameters of all the bioassay species. However, the reduction effect was not totally in accordance to the distance from the donor species. More studies need to be conducted to determine the type of reduction mechanism involved in the allelopathic activity especially with respect to molecular and biochemical aspects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  11. Fulltext The role of psychiatrists and muslim faith healers in mental health issues
    Zul Azlin Razali, Faiz Tahir, M.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(101):31-35.
    MyJurnal
    Following the announcement of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Act 2013, Muslim faith healers are slowly gaining grounds to make their practice mainstream. One of the major characteristics of Muslim faith healers is the strong inclination to attribute mental illnesses to Jinn possession (demonic possession). Unlike other traditional healers, Muslim faith healers’ primary mode of treatment is Ruqyah, an incantation or generally considered as ‘Du’a or prayers. This article is a sharing by a psychiatrist who has been actively engaging with faith healers in order to understand the world of faith healing including the attitude and knowledge of both the healers and clients while attempting to educate them on modern psychiatry based on bio-psycho-socio-spiritual paradigm. The methodology: 1) Involvement in symposium, seminar and focused group discussion, either as participant or as speaker. 2) Collaborating with local spiritual leader to conduct workshop on mental illness in mosques. 3) Writing articles in scientific and popular publications with and without faith healers as the collaborators. 4) Appearing in radio advocating and discussing about the dilemma of mental illness issue from the religious perspectives, and 5) Participate in workshop conducted by Muslim faith healers. As a result, several issues come to the author’s attention. The divisions of Muslim faith healers are rather complicated, for example Malay traditional healers or bomoh should not be categorized in the same group as Muslim faith healers. The oft-quoted ‘Islamic Medicine’ is problematic in view that it is laced with elements of local cultural value and practice which are not necessarily authentically Islamic. Since Malays make up the biggest community in Malaysia, one has to differentiate between Islam and Muslim. Majority of Muslims misunderstood the term Ruqyah as a form of healing exclusively done by the Muslim faith healers. In conclusion, psychiatrists should engage more proactively with faith and spiritual healers in order to curb stigmatization and delay in seeking psychiatric care and treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  12. Fulltext Inculcating halal values in seaweed production for competitive positioning
    Normawaty Mohammad Noor, Sarina Muhammad Noor, Weliyadi, Rukisah Salleh
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(101):37-40.
    MyJurnal
    Seaweed industry is important in several countries including Malaysia, Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The seaweed, Kappaphycus is widely used in a variety of food products as an excellent nutritional supplement. There are several stages in producing raw Kappaphycus for industry such as cultivation and harvest. Most of these steps follow a traditional way which has been practiced from one generation to another. As seaweed is part of the main ingredients in many final produce, its processing must incorporate cleanliness and quality aspect. Therefore, a focus on Halal is of utmost importance. Halal is a concept that stresses on shariah law and ensuring the utmost quality which benefits most producers especially in food and supplement products. However, the knowledge of Halal is still limited in marine production including seaweed. The seaweed process has gone through numerous stages yet none of them has been checked on its
    Halalness aspect. This study is to deliberate on the aspect of Halalness for each stage involved, including cultivation and harvesting. To achieve this, observations and literature search were performed and findings showed that there is lack of hygienic practices in handling seaweed production. Therefore, conjoint initiatives among university-industry-government are needed to enhance the value proposition of the seaweed production as it complies with the concept of Halalness. This will contribute towards the development of Halal ecosystem from seed to harvest of quality seaweed production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  13. Views of young people in Malaysia on mental health, help-seeking and unusual psychological experiences
    Berry C, Michelson D, Othman E, Tan JC, Gee B, Hodgekins J, et al.
    Early intervention in psychiatry, 2020 02;14(1):115-123.
    PMID: 31111672 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12832
    AIM: Mental health problems are prevalent among young people in Malaysia yet access to specialist mental health care is extremely limited. More context-specific research is needed to understand the factors affecting help-seeking in youth, when mental health problems typically have first onset. We aimed to explore the attitudes of vulnerable young Malaysians regarding mental health problems including unusual psychological experiences, help-seeking and mental health treatment.

    METHODS: In the present study, nine young people (aged 16-23 years) from low-income backgrounds participated in a semi-structured interview about their perspectives on mental health problems, unusual psychological experiences and help-seeking.

    RESULTS: Four themes were developed using thematic analysis. "Is it that they [have] family problems?" reflected participants' explanatory models of mental health problems. "Maybe in Malaysia" was concerned with perceptions of Malaysian culture as both encouraging of open sharing of problems and experiences, but also potentially stigmatizing. "You have to ask for help" emphasized the importance of mental health help-seeking despite potential stigma. "It depends on the person" addressed the challenges of engaging with psychological therapy.

    CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that young people in Malaysia may hold compassionate, non-stigmatizing views towards people experiencing mental health problems and a desire to increase their knowledge and understandings. Yet societal stigma is a perceived reputational risk that may affect mental health problem disclosure and help-seeking. We suggest that efforts to improve mental health literacy would be valued by young Malaysians and could support reduced stigma and earlier help-seeking.

    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  14. Teknik Seismos Pantulan dan Geoelektrik Dwikutub-dwikutub dalam Pengesanan Lohong Batu Kapur di Batu Caves (Seismic Reflection and dipole-dipole Geoelectrical Techniques in Detecting Cavity in the Limestone Area of Batu Caves)
    Umar Hamzah, Abd. Rahim Samsudin
    Sains Malaysiana, 1997;26.
    Identification of a possible source of engineering geological hazard in the limestone area such as cavities, sinkholes and an underground cavern have become necessity for site investigation before any construction of roads, bridges and buildings are carried out. The study is also necessary for tunneling and underground mining works where knowledge of the engineering properties of the rock mass is very important in order to assess the suitability and safety of a proposed building. Geophysical techniques have been widely used in engineering geological study to deal with such problems that normally arise at construction sites with limestone bedrock. In this study, shallow seismic reflection technique and dipole-dipole geoelectrical methods were used to detect the presence of cavity in lime stone area of Batu Cave, Kuala Lumpur. The exact location and depth of cavities in the area were determined from the existing borehole data and report provided by the Geological Survey Department of Malaysia. Based on the borehole data, several cavities that were filled-up with water and fine silt are encountered at depths of 15.7m to 17.8m, 20.2m to 21.1m and 21.4m to 25.7m. Three shallow seismic reflection profiles were established on the cavity area and the results show that the cavities in the limestone occur in the form of 20 to 30m long subterranean channel of 15 to 30 m depth. Dipole-dipole resistivity survey conducted on seismic lines one and three also indicates the presence of the channel and cavities in the limestone.
    Pengecaman punca bencana geologi kejuruteraan di kawasan batu kapur seperti lohong batu kapur, kewujudan lubang benam dan gua-gua batu kapur telah menjadi amat penting dalam penyiasatan tapak sebelum sesuatu pembinaan seperti jalan raya, jambatan dan bangunan dilakukan. Begitu juga dalam kerja-kerja penerowongan dan perlombongan, pengetahuan asas sifat kejuruteraan jasad batuan amat perlu diketahui untuk menitai kesesuaian dan keselamatan bangunan yang bakal dibina. Teknik geofizik telah digunakan secara meluas dalam kajian geologi kejuruteraan untuk menangani masalah yang terdapat di tapak-tapak binaan yang mempunyai batu kapur sebagai batuan dasar. Dalam kajian ini teknik seismos pantulan cetek dan kaedah geoelektrik dwikutub-dwikutub telah digunakan untuk mengesan rongga batu kapur yang terdapat di kawasan Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur. Kedudukan dan kedalaman rongga batu kapur di kawasan kajian telah ditentukan melalui data lubang gerudi dan laporan yang diperoleh daripada Jabatan Kajibumi Malaysia. Berdasarkan data lubang gerudi tersebut terdapat beberapa rongga yang terisi air dan pasir halus berlodak di kedalaman 15.7 m hingga 17.8 m, 20.2 m hingga 21.1 m dan 21.4 m hingga 25.7 m. Tiga profil seismos pantulan cetek telah dibuat di kawasan berongga tersebut dan hasil survei menunjukkan rongga dalam batu kapur tersebut membentuk palung sepanjang hampir 20 - 30 m pada kedalaman antara 15 m hingga 30 m. Rentisan survei geoelektrik dwikutub yang dilakukan pada profil seismos satu dan tiga juga memperlihatkan kehadiran lohong dan palung dalam batu kapur tersebut.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  15. Some Studies into the Effects of Metaldehyde on Cultured Cells
    Salmijah S., Anita Mohd. Zubir, Maimon A.
    Sains Malaysiana, 1997;26.
    Metaldehyde is used widely in Malaysia for the control of molluscs. This communication reports the cytotoxic effects of this chemical on cultured cells as assessed by cell morphology and the DNA synthesising capability as well as its transport into cells. After 15 days of exposure with 20.0 ppm of the compound, the DNA synthesising capability was shown to be unaffected. The IC50 for Vero cells was 276.0 ppm. Transport of thymidine across cells was found to be not significantly affected even at high metaldehyde concentrations (up to 320.0 ppm) suggesting integrity of cells were not significantly affected. The present cellular studies have therefore shown that the cytotoxic effects of this chemical is rather low.
    Metaldehida digunakan dengan meluas di Malaysia untuk mengawal perosak moluska. Kesan sitotoksik bahan kimia ini di peringkat sel dari segi ciri-ciri perubahan moifologi dan keupayaan mensintesis DNA serta kajian awal kesannya terhadap proses kemasukan ke dalam sel dilaporkan di sini. Keupayaan mensintesis DNA didapati tidak terjejas secara signifikan selepas diberikan 20.0 ppm metaldehida secara berterusan selama 15 hari. Nilai IC50 bagi sel Vero adalah 276.0 ppm. Kemasukan timidina ke dalam sel tidak terjejas secara signifikan apabila sel diperlakukan dengan metaldehida, walaupun pada kepekatan yang agak tinggi iaitu sehingga 320.0 ppm. Kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa kesan sitotoksik oleh metaldehida adalah rendah.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  16. Bioakumulasi Logam Berat Dalam Ikan Air Tawar di Perairan Sekitar Empangan Lohan, Ranau, Sabah (Heavy Metal Bio-accumulation in Fresh Water Fish Around the Lohan Dam, Ranau, Sabah)
    Jumat Salimon, Maimunah Sulaiman
    Sains Malaysiana, 1997;26(1):61-68.
    A study of the heavy metal bio-accumulation by fresh water fish, Tilapia nilotica around Lohan Dam was carried out in aquarium system. The study showed that the fish tissues cultured in contaminated water samples, (location S3 and 54) contain higher heavy metals concentration compared with the fish cultured in uncontaminated water samples (S1 and S2). The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cr in fish tissues are higher compared with those of Co, Cd and Pb. The bio-accumulation rates of Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni and Co are 25 times higher than those of the base levels and 10 times higher than those of the controls. The heavy metal bio-accumulation order in T. nilotica is as follows: Mn> Cu> Cr> Ni> Co> Zn> Pb> Cd> Fe. The heavy metal intakes by fish during the experimental period did not exceed the level concentration levels.
    Kajian bioakumulasi logam berat oleh ikan air tawar, Tilapia nilotica di perairan sekitar Empangan Lohan dilakukan dengan kaedah ternakan akuarium. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tisu ikan yang diternak dalam sampel air tercemar (lokasi S3 dan S4) mengandungi logam berat yang lebih tinggi dari tisu ikan yang diternak dalam sampel air tidak tercemar (lokasi S1 dan S2). Kepekatan logam berat seperti Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni dan Cr didapati tinggi dalam tisu ikan berbanding dengan kepekatan Co, Cd dan Pb. Kadar bioakumulasi logam berat daIam ikan didapati tinggi bagi Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni dan Co yang masing-masing melebihi 25 kali ganda dari paras asal dan lebih 10 kali ganda dari paras kawalan. Siri bioakumulasi logam berat yang dikaji dalam ikan T. nilotica menurut urutan; Mn> Cu> Cr> Ni> Co> Zn> Pb> Cd> Fe. Kepekatan logam berat yang dapat diambil oleh ikan dalam masa kajian tidak mencapai nilai yang dapat menyebabkan kematian kepada ikan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  17. Pull-out and tensile strength properties of two selected tropical trees
    Normaniza Osman, Mohamad Nordin Abdullah, Che Hassandi Abdullah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1123-1127.
    A bioengineering technique is gradually being used as an alternative for slope stabilisation design. The effect of vegetation on soil strength, particularly in terms of root reinforcement aspects has therefore become a major interest. However, there is a lack of documentation on the root mechanical properties available especially in Malaysia. In this study, both pull-out and tensile strength of two tropical trees namely Leucaena leucocephala and Acacia mangium were investigated on different stem sizes. L. leucocephala performs the higher pullout strength than A. mangium. The results also show that pullout resistance is much affected by the root than the shoot profiles. In terms of tensile strength, the tensile strength decreases with increasing root diameter, implying the finer root diameter contribute to the higher tensile strength. In both parameters, L. leucocephala exhibits the highest value. The study suggests that L. leucocephala has an added value as a good potential slope plant for slope stabilization work as it exhibits outstanding root mechanical properties. Interestingly, the results also showed that the pullout force was much affected by the tensile strength. It can be concluded that some root and shoot properties do have a great impact on root mechanical properties such as tensile and pullout strengths.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  18. Distribution of Lichen Flora at Different Altitudes of Gunung Machincang, Langkawi Islands, Malaysia
    Shahrizim Zulkifly, Young SK, Mohamed Abudl Majid, Amir Feisal Merican
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1201-1208.
    Lichen samples were collected from Gunung Machincang, Langkawi Islands based on an alternation of altitudes, which are 0, 300 and above 600 m. Morphological identification resulted in 15 genera of microlichens (crustose) and five genera of macrolichens (foliose) and they fall under 14 families. As the altitude increases, the number of foliose type of lichen also increased. The common microlichens obtained were from the Family of Graphidaceae and can be found from the sea level right up to the peak of Gunung Machincang. The most common crustose lichens found were Heterodermia sp., while Eugenia sp. is the most common tree habitat for lichens in Gunung Machincang, Langkawi Islands. This study represents the first record of lichens in Gunung Machincang, Langkawi Islands, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  19. Soil-root shear strength properties of some slope plants
    Normaniza Osman, Mohamad Nordin Abdullah, Faisal Haji Ali
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1065-1073.
    Rapid development in hilly areas in Malaysia has become a trend that put a stress to the sloping area. It reduces the factor of safety by reducing the resistant force and therefore leads to slope failure. Vegetation plays a big role in reinforcement functions via anchoring the soils and forms a binding network within the soil layer that tied the soil masses together. In this research, three plant species namely Acacia mangium, Dillenia suffruticosa and Leucaena leucocephala were assessed in term of their soil-root shear strength properties. Our results showed that Acacia mangium had the highest shear strength values, 30.4 kPa and 50.2 kPa at loads 13.3 kPa and 24.3 kPa, respectively. Leucaena leucocephala showed the highest in cohesion factor, which was almost double the value in those of Dillenia suffruticosa and Acacia mangium. The root profile analysis indicated Dillenia suffruticosa exhibited the highest values in both root length density and root volume, whilst Leucaena leucocephala had the highest average of root diameter.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
  20. Application of factor analysis in geochemical fractions of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the offshore and intertidal areas of Peninsular Malaysia
    Yap C
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:389-394.
    In this study, heavy metal data (including four geochemical fractions) from offshore and intertidal sediments collected off the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were analyzed using factor analysis. A similarity was found when comparing between offshore and intertidal sediments, where out of the 20 variables, five factors (resistant Cu, total Cu, resistant Pb, total Pb and total Zn) could be clearly selected on the basis of their high loadings as derived by factor analysis in both sediment sampling areas. However, the statistical outputs based on the present study using factor analysis cannot be practically acceptable mainly because the resistant fractions are not of anthropogenic origins and ecotoxicologists are more concern on the anthropogenic ones. Only a modification using a specific normalizing agent such as the nonresistant fraction, should be tested to show feasibility of the contribution of anthropogenic sources in the two sampling areas. However, a more comprehensive metal monitoring data should be compiled to complement the results obtainable from factor analysis, before a valid Malaysian Marine Sediment Pollution Index or Sediment Quality Guidelines, can be proposed to be established.
    Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
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