METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Singapore. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to measure physical activity (PA). Demographic, anthropometric and psychological data were also collected. Psychological variables included PA guideline knowledge, motivational profile for PA self-regulation (5 subscales), perceived barriers to PA (4 subscales) and perceived social support for PA. Regression models with adjustment for socio-demographic variables were fitted.
RESULTS: External regulation (b = - 13.03, 95% CI - 34.55; - 1.50) and perceived daily life barriers (b = - 12.63, 95% CI - 24.95; - 0.32) were significantly associated with fewer weekly MVPA minutes. A significant interaction between perceived social support and age (p = 0.046) was found. Social support was significantly negative associated with MVPA minutes in younger (Asian populations. Caution is required when promoting social support for PA as it was associated with lower MVPA in younger people.
METHODS: One million T2D people aged 40-79 registered in the National Diabetes Registry (2009-2018) were linked to death records (censored on 31 December 2019). Standardized absolute mortality rates and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were estimated relative to the Malaysian general population, and standardized to the 2019 registry population with respect to sex, age group, and disease duration.
RESULTS: Overall all-cause standardized mortality rates were unchanged in both sexes. Rates increased in males aged 40-49 (annual average percent change [AAPC]: 2.46 % [95 % CI 0.42 %, 4.55 %]) and 50-59 (AAPC: 1.91 % [95 % CI 0.73 %, 3.10 %]), and females aged 40-49 (AAPC: 3.39 % [95 % CI 1.32 %, 5.50 %]). In both sexes, rates increased among those with 1) > 15 years disease duration, 2) prior cardiovascular disease, and 3) Bumiputera (Malay/native) ethnicity. The overall SMR was 1.83 (95 % CI 1.80, 1.86) for males and 1.85 (95 % CI 1.82, 1.89) for females, being higher in younger age groups and showed an increasing trend in those with either > 15 years disease duration or prior cardiovascular disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Mortality trends worsened in certain T2D population in Malaysia.
Objective: To investigate the validity and pattern of DSM-5-defined BQ use disorder (BUD) and its association with oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) among Asian populations.
Design, Setting, and Participants: In-person interviews were conducted from January 1, 2009, to February 28, 2010, among a random sample of 8922 noninstitutionalized adults from the Asian Betel-quid Consortium study, an Asian representative survey of 6 BQ-endemic populations. Statistical analysis was performed from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2016.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Participants were evaluated for BUD using DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder and for OPMD using a clinical oral examination. Current users of BQ with 0 to 1 symptoms were classified as having no BUD, those with 2 to 3 symptoms as having mild BUD, those with 4 to 5 symptoms as having moderate BUD, and those with 6 or more symptoms as having severe BUD.
Results: Among the 8922 participants (4564 women and 4358 men; mean [SD] age, 44.2 [0.2] years), DSM-5 symptoms showed sufficient unidimensionality to act as a valid measure for BUD. The 12-month prevalence of DSM-5-defined BUD in the 6 study populations was 18.0% (mild BUD, 3.2%; moderate BUD, 4.3%; and severe BUD, 10.5%). The 12-month proportion of DSM-5-defined BUD among current users of BQ was 86.0% (mild BUD, 15.5%; moderate BUD, 20.6%; and severe BUD, 50.0%). Sex, age, low educational level, smoking, and drinking were significantly associated with BUD. Among individuals who used BQ, family use, high frequency of use, and amount of BQ used were significantly linked to moderate to severe BUD. Compared with individuals who did not use BQ, those who used BQ and had no BUD showed a 22.0-fold (95% CI, 4.3-112.4) risk of OPMD (P data about BQ users across 6 Asian populations, and it demonstrates that DSM-5 symptoms could fulfill a BUD construct. Most current Asian users of BQ already have BUD, which is correlated with risk of OPMD. Among individuals with moderate to severe BUD who used BQ, tolerance and a larger amount or longer history of BQ use are the key symptoms that correlated with enhanced risk of OPMD. These findings play an important role in providing a new indication of an additional psychiatric management plan for users of BQ who have BUD.
METHODS: This was a retrospective computerized tomography (CT) evaluation study of 880 fluoroscopic guided percutaneous pedicle screws. 440 screws were inserted in 73 European patients and 440 screws were inserted in 75 Asian patients. Screw perforations were classified into Grade 0: no violation; Grade 1: <2 mm perforation; Grade 2: 2-4 mm perforation; and Grade 3: >4 mm perforation. For anterior perforations, the pedicle perforations were classified into Grade 0: no violation, Grade 1: <4 mm perforation; Grade 2: 4-6 mm perforation; and Grade 3: >6 mm perforation.
RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability was adequate with a kappa value of 0.83. The mean age of the study group was 58.3 ± 15.6 years. The indications for surgery were tumor (70.3 %), infection (18.2 %), trauma (6.8 %), osteoporotic fracture (2.7 %) and degenerative diseases (2.0 %). The overall screw perforation rate was 9.7 %, in Europeans 9.1 % and in Asians 10.2 % (p > 0.05). Grade 1 perforation rate was 8.4 %, Grade 2 was 1.2 % and Grade 3 was 0.1 % with no difference in the grade of perforations between Europeans and Asians (p > 0.05). The perforation rate was the highest in T1 (33.3 %), followed by T6 (14.5 %) and T4 (14.0 %). Majority of perforations occurred medially (43.5 %), followed by laterally (25.9 %), and anteriorly (23.5 %). There was no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) in the perforation rates between right-sided pedicle screws and left-sided pedicle screws (R: 10.0 %, L: 9.3 %).
CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistical significant differences in the overall perforation rates, grades of perforations, direction of perforations for implantation of percutaneous thoracic pedicle screws insertion using fluoroscopic guidance between Europeans and Asians. The safety profile for this technique was comparable to the current reported perforation rates for conventional open pedicle screw technique.