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Fulltext Determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples and the efficiency of gamma-radiation in their removal

Chowdhury MA, Jahan I, Karim N, Alam MK, Abdur Rahman M, Moniruzzaman M, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:145159.
PMID: 24711991 DOI: 10.1155/2014/145159

In the present study, the residual pesticide levels were determined in eggplants (Solanum melongena) (n = 16), purchased from four different markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The carbamate and organophosphorus pesticide residual levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the efficiency of gamma radiation on pesticide removal in three different types of vegetables was also studied. Many (50%) of the samples contained pesticides, and three samples had residual levels above the maximum residue levels determined by the World Health Organisation. Three carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran, and pirimicarb) and six organophosphates (phenthoate, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosphamidon, and pirimiphos-methyl) were detected in eggplant samples; the highest carbofuran level detected was 1.86 mg/kg, while phenthoate was detected at 0.311 mg/kg. Gamma radiation decreased pesticide levels proportionately with increasing radiation doses. Diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and phosphamidon were reduced by 40-48%, 35-43%, and 30-45%, respectively, when a radiation strength of 0.5 kGy was utilized. However, when the radiation dose was increased to 1.0 kGy, the levels of the pesticides were reduced to 85-90%, 80-91%, and 90-95%, respectively. In summary, our study revealed that pesticide residues are present at high amounts in vegetable samples and that gamma radiation at 1.0 kGy can remove 80-95% of some pesticides.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Detection of mumps virus of genotype g in Bangladeshi children suffering from encephalitis

Daisuke, Mori, Wahida Khanam, Kamruddin Ahmed

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2021;15(1):73-79.
MyJurnal

Although mumps virus (MuVi) is an important agent of encephalitis, however, mumps vaccine has not yet been included in the national immunization programme of Bangladesh. Furthermore, the genotype distribution of this virus in Bangladesh is unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from 97 children with encephalitis from April 2009 to March 2010 were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to determine the causative agents. MuVi was detected in two samples, these samples were further subjected to conventional PCR using specific primers, then amplicons were sequenced, and genotype was determined as genotype G. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains were clustered with strains from Nepal, India, the UK, Thailand, and the USA. By Bayesian inference, we also determined that the ancestor of Bangladeshi and Indian MuVi were same and segregated only about two decades back. These results will help future surveillance and the detection of invading MuVi strains from other countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes among medical students in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohoshina Karim, Shayela Farah, M .Tanveer Hossain Parash

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016;10(1):84-91.
MyJurnal

Cigarette smoking is considered as the symbol of adulthood and as a friend during stress and loneliness. The developing countries in South Asia where the largest segment of the population is comprised of adolescents are more susceptible to smoking epidemic and its consequences. A cross sectional survey among 304 randomly selected medical students was carried out to determine their smoking habit of a selected medical college in Dhaka, from 1st October to 31st December 2014. The respondents were from 16 to 20 years of age, with mean (±SD) of 16.8 (±1.9) years. Among them (including 28 girl students), 96(31.5%) were non-smokers. The remaining 208(68.4%) were smokers, among them 43(20.6%) were regular smokers, and 165(79.3%) were occasional smokers. All 28 female students were non-smokers. Regarding duration of smoking, 42(20.2%) respondents smoked for less than 6 months, 64(30.8%) for 6 months to 1 year, 88(42.3%) for 1 to 4 years, 11(5.3%) for 5 to 10 years and a least 3(1.4%) smoked for more than 10 years. Thirty six percent of current smokers smoked more than 10 sticks per day compared
with thirty percent who smoked 6 to 10 a day. Significantly more users knew that it causes tuberculosis, heart attack, cancer and development of hypertension. Overall, students’ major sources of information were doctors (69.7%), medias (47.7%), parents (9.2%) and friends (3.3%). As the prevalence of smoking among medical students was found very high hence, the multi-pronged intervention strategy is needed to tackle the problem. Anti-tobacco education and awareness should be adopted in the curriculum of schools and colleges. All forms of tobacco advertising and promotional activities should be banned, and parents should be encouraged to adopt more responsible attitudes toward smoking in the home.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Clinical presentation of dengue in a general hospital in Bangladesh

Nashir Uddin Ahmed, Mohd Yusof Hj Ibrahim, Than Myint1, Khandaker Abu Talha, Farhana Selina, Khin Maung Ohn @ Arif

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2016;10(2):60-66.
MyJurnal

Dengue is one of the commonest viral diseases of Africa and tropical Asia. This disease is characterized by headache, fever, generalized body pain, severe malaise and back pain. The uncomplicated Dengue which is also named the classical dengue fever usually begins 3-8 days after biting of an infected mosquito. This is a cross sectional study on clinical presentation of Dengue in a general hospital in Bangladesh. The total number of patients was 198. The study period was 6 months (July 2004 to December 2004). All the patients who were admitted in the ‘Dengue ward’ and diagnosed as Dengue by serological test were included in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the common clinical presentations of Dengue in a General hospital in Bangladesh. The aim and objective was to compare the clinical presentations of Dengue in Bangladesh patients with those of other international studies. Most of the patients were male (3.7 :1) in sex and young adult(s) in age (80.3%). Fever and severe backache were the commonest clinical features. Nearly two-third (74%) patients presented with hemorrhagic features. Gum bleeding (20.2%) was the commonest bleeding feature. The result of this study showed a similarity with that of other international studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Food security : the needs for international treaty on plant genetic resources to ensure smoother flow of genes

Mohd Shukor, N.

Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2010;16(1):15-17.
MyJurnal

Never in the history of modern Malaysia, the general population at all levels are being threatened by food security. Food becoming less available and more expensive. Many factors, both long- and short-term, have contributed to the shortage. At a global level, available data seems to indicate that we have been consuming more than what we produce. Then came the shortfall in global rice production caused by the impact of climate change such as the widespread drought in India and China in 2002, typhoons in the Philippines in 2006, and the major flooding in Bangladesh in 2007. This was followed by the returns of pests such as planthoppers, and the various virus diseases transmitted particularly at regions with growing seasons having abnormally higher temperatures caused by climate change. Since the crisis started, scientists particularly breeders all over the world were requested to strengthen and upgrade the breeding program and facilities for the development of new varieties with increased tolerance to drought, flooding, and salinity as well resistant to insects and diseases. An important pre-requisite for such activities is the free flow of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (pgrfa). The adoption of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has drastically slowed down the movement of many plant genetic resources and this has threatened the future supply of food. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA or the Treaty) is a global reaction to the rising tide of measures taken by many governments as a result CBD to extend their sovereign control over genetic resources. Many countries felt that those measures are inappropriate for food and agricultural crop genetic resources. The Treaty on the other hand recognizes that access and benefit sharing for agricultural biodiversity must be treated differently from the way it is generally treated under CBD. This paper discusses some of the key points and provisions from the treaty and some issues arising from its negotiation and future implementation in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Population change and educational development

Jayasuriya JE

Bull Unesco Reg Off Educ Asia Pac, 1982 Jun.
PMID: 12265642
Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Hypertension care in demographic surveillance sites: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Viet Nam

Geldsetzer P, Tan MM, Dewi FS, Quyen BT, Juvekar S, Hanifi SM, et al.

Bull World Health Organ, 2022 Oct 01;100(10):601-609.
PMID: 36188011 DOI: 10.2471/BLT.22.287807

Objective: To determine the proportion of adults with hypertension who reported: (i) having been previously diagnosed with hypertension; (ii) taking blood pressure-lowering medication; and (iii) having achieved hypertension control, in five health and demographic surveillance system sites across five countries in Asia.
Methods: Data were collected during household surveys conducted between 2016 and 2020 in the five surveillance sites in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Viet Nam. We defined hypertension as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or taking blood pressure-lowering medication. We defined hypertension control as systolic blood pressure Bangladesh: 211; India: 487; Indonesia: 1641; Malaysia: 8164; and Viet Nam: 634). The mean age of participants with hypertension was 60 years (range: 19-101 years). Only in the Malaysian site were more than half of individuals with hypertension aware of their condition. Hypertension treatment ranged from 20.8% (341/1641; 95% CI: 18.8-22.8%) in the Indonesian site to 44.7% (3649/8164; 95% CI: 43.6-45.8%) in the Malaysian site. Less than one in four participants with hypertension had achieved hypertension control in any site. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control were generally higher among women and older adults.
Conclusion: While hypertension awareness and treatment varied widely across surveillance sites, hypertension control was low in all sites.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh/epidemiology
Isolation and identification of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their application for rice cultivation under salt stress

Sultana S, Paul SC, Parveen S, Alam S, Rahman N, Jannat B, et al.

Can J Microbiol, 2020 Feb;66(2):144-160.
PMID: 31714812 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0323

Growth and productivity of rice are negatively affected by soil salinity. However, some salt-tolerant rhizosphere-inhabiting bacteria can improve salt resistance of plants, thereby augmenting plant growth and production. Here, we isolated a total of 53 plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from saline and non-saline areas in Bangladesh where electrical conductivity was measured as >7.45 and <1.80 dS/m, respectively. Bacteria isolated from saline areas were able to grow in a salt concentration of up to 2.60 mol/L, contrary to the isolates collected from non-saline areas that did not survive beyond 854 mmol/L. Among the salt-tolerant isolates, Bacillus aryabhattai, Achromobacter denitrificans, and Ochrobactrum intermedium, identified by comparing respective sequences of 16S rRNA using the NCBI GenBank, exhibited a higher amount of atmospheric nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and indoleacetic acid production at 200 mmol/L salt stress. Salt-tolerant isolates exhibited greater resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, which could be due to the production of an exopolysaccharide layer outside the cell surface. Oryza sativa L. fertilized with B. aryabhattai MS3 and grown under 200 mmol/L salt stress was found to be favoured by enhanced expression of a set of at least four salt-responsive plant genes: BZ8, SOS1, GIG, and NHX1. Fertilization of rice with osmoprotectant-producing PGPR, therefore, could be a climate-change-preparedness strategy for coastal agriculture.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Disinfection booth: blessing or curse for spreading of COVID-19 in Bangladesh

Rabby MII, Hossain F, Akter F, Rhythm RK, Mahbub T, Huda SN

Can J Public Health, 2020 10;111(5):660-662.
PMID: 32876931 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00402-6
Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh/epidemiology
Fulltext Fatal Infection Caused by Chromobacterium violaceum: A Case Report from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Sharmin S, Jahan AA, Kamal SMM, Sarker P

Case Rep Infect Dis, 2019;2019:6219295.
PMID: 31179137 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6219295

Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative bacterium, found in tropical and subtropical regions. C. violaceum infection rarely occurs, but once occurs, it is associated with significant mortality due to severe systemic infection. Since the first human case from Malaysia in 1927, >150 cases of C. violaceum infection have been reported worldwide. We have described here a fatal case of C. violaceum infection in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of C. violaceum infection in Bangladesh.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Amassing the Covid-19 driven PPE wastes in the dwelling environment of Chittagong Metropolis and associated implications

Abedin MJ, Khandaker MU, Uddin MR, Karim MR, Uddin Ahamad MS, Islam MA, et al.

Chemosphere, 2022 Jun;297:134022.
PMID: 35202672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134022

This study investigates the Covid-19 driven indiscriminate disposal of PPE wastes (mostly face mask and medical wastes) in Chittagong metropolitan area (CMA), Bangladesh. Based on the field monitoring, the mean PPE density (PPE/m2± SD) was calculated to be 0.0226 ± 0.0145, 0.0164 ± 0.0122, and 0.0110 ± 0.00863 for July, August, and September 2021, respectively (during the peak time of Covid-19 in Bangladesh). Moreover, gross information on PPE waste generation in the city was calculated using several parameters such as population density, face mask acceptance rate by urban population, total Covid-19 confirmed cases, quarantined and isolated patients, corresponding medical waste generation rate (kg/bed/day), etc. Moreover, the waste generated due to face mask and other PPEs in the CMA during the whole Covid-19 period (April 4, 2020 to September 5, 2021) were calculated to be 64183.03 and 128695.75 tons, respectively. It has been observed that the negligence of general people, lack of awareness about environmental pollution, and poor municipal waste management practices are the root causes for the contamination of the dwelling environment by PPE wastes. As a result, new challenges have emerged in solid waste management, which necessitates the development of an appropriate waste management strategy. The ultimate policies and strategies may help to achieve the SDG goals 3, 6, 11, 12, 13, and 15, and increase public perception on the use and subsequent disposal of PPEs, especially face masks.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh/epidemiology
Novel micro-structured carbon-based adsorbents for notorious arsenic removal from wastewater

Islam A, Teo SH, Ahmed MT, Khandaker S, Ibrahim ML, Vo DN, et al.

Chemosphere, 2021 Jun;272:129653.
PMID: 33486455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129653

The contamination of groundwater by arsenic (As) in Bangladesh is the biggest impairing of a population, with a large number of peoples affected. Specifically, groundwater of Gangetic Delta is alarmingly contaminated with arsenic. Similar, perilous circumstances exist in many other countries and consequently, there is a dire need to develop cost-effective decentralized filtration unit utilizing low-cost adsorbents for eliminating arsenic from water. Morphological synthesis of carbon with unique spherical, nanorod, and massive nanostructures were achieved by solvothermal method. Owing to their intrinsic adsorption properties and different nanostructures, these nanostructures were employed as adsorption of arsenic in aqueous solution, with the purpose to better understanding the morphological effect in adsorption. It clearly demonstrated that carbon with nanorods morphology exhibited an excellent adsorption activity of arsenite (about 82%) at pH 3, remarkably superior to the two with solid sphere and massive microstructures, because of its larger specific surface area, enhanced acid strength and improved adsorption capacity. Furthermore, we discovered that iron hydroxide radicals and energy-induced contact point formation in nanorods are the responsible for the high adsorption of As in aqueous solution. Thus, our work provides insides into the microstructure-dependent capability of different carbon for As adsorption applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Spike in child marriage in Bangladesh during COVID-19: Determinants and interventions

Afrin T, Zainuddin M

Child Abuse Negl, 2021 02;112:104918.
PMID: 33412413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104918
Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Transmission of human infection with Nipah virus

Luby SP, Gurley ES, Hossain MJ

Clin Infect Dis, 2009 Dec 1;49(11):1743-8.
PMID: 19886791 DOI: 10.1086/647951

Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus whose reservoir host is fruit bats of the genus Pteropus. Occasionally the virus is introduced into human populations and causes severe illness characterized by encephalitis or respiratory disease. The first outbreak of NiV was recognized in Malaysia, but 8 outbreaks have been reported from Bangladesh since 2001. The primary pathways of transmission from bats to people in Bangladesh are through contamination of raw date palm sap by bats with subsequent consumption by humans and through infection of domestic animals (cattle, pigs, and goats), presumably from consumption of food contaminated with bat saliva or urine with subsequent transmission to people. Approximately one-half of recognized Nipah case patients in Bangladesh developed their disease following person-to-person transmission of the virus. Efforts to prevent transmission should focus on decreasing bat access to date palm sap and reducing family members' and friends' exposure to infected patients' saliva.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh/epidemiology
Fulltext Establishing a critical care network in Asia to improve care for critically ill patients in low- and middle-income countries

CRIT CARE ASIA

Crit Care, 2020 10 15;24(1):608.
PMID: 33059761 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03321-7
Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Epidemiology of henipavirus disease in humans

Luby SP, Gurley ES

Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 2012;359:25-40.
PMID: 22752412 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_207

All seven recognized human cases of Hendra virus (HeV) infection have occurred in Queensland, Australia. Recognized human infections have all resulted from a HeV infected horse that was unusually efficient in transmitting the virus and a person with a high exposure to infectious secretions. In the large outbreak in Malaysia where Nipah virus (NiV) was first identified, most human infections resulted from close contact with NiV infected pigs. Outbreak investigations in Bangladesh have identified drinking raw date palm sap as the most common pathway of NiV transmission from Pteropus bats to people, but person-to-person transmission of NiV has been repeatedly identified in Bangladesh and India. Although henipaviruses are not easily transmitted to people, these newly recognized, high mortality agents warrant continued scientific attention.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh/epidemiology
Henipaviruses: emerging paramyxoviruses associated with fruit bats

Field HE, Mackenzie JS, Daszak P

Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 2007;315:133-59.
PMID: 17848064

Two related, novel, zoonotic paramyxoviruses have been described recently. Hendra virus was first reported in horses and thence humans in Australia in 1994; Nipah virus was first reported in pigs and thence humans in Malaysia in 1998. Human cases of Nipah virus infection, apparently unassociated with infection in livestock, have been reported in Bangladesh since 2001. Species of fruit bats (genus Pteropus) have been identified as natural hosts of both agents. Anthropogenic changes (habitat loss, hunting) that have impacted the population dynamics of Pteropus species across much of their range are hypothesised to have facilitated emergence. Current strategies for the management of henipaviruses are directed at minimising contact with the natural hosts, monitoring identified intermediate hosts, improving biosecurity on farms, and better disease recognition and diagnosis. Investigation of the emergence and ecology of henipaviruses warrants a broad, cross-disciplinary ecosystem health approach that recognises the critical linkages between human activity, ecological change, and livestock and human health.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh/epidemiology
Dataset on the influence of software development agility on software firms' performance in Bangladesh

Sadia F, Mahmud I, Dhar E, Jahan N, Hossain SS, Zaidi Satter AKM

Data Brief, 2019 Apr;23:103741.
PMID: 31372407 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103741

The article identifies the relationship among different agile software development approaches such as response extensiveness, response efficiency, team autonomy, team diversity, and software functionality that software teams face difficult challenges in associating and achieving the right balance between the two agility dimensions. This research strategy, in terms of quantity, is descriptive and correlational. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out, using SmartPLS 3.0. Statistical population, consist of employees of software industries in Bangladesh, who were engaged in 2017 and their total number is about 100 people. The data show that the response extensiveness, response efficiency, team autonomy, team diversity, and software functionality have impact on software development agility and software development performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Qualitative dataset on UPLC-QTOF/MS tentative identification of phytochemicals from bioactive extract of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq

Alam I, Forid MS, Roney M, Aluwi MFFM, Huq AM

Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106839.
PMID: 33659597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106839

The current data report describes the predictive identification of phytochemical constituents in the bioactive extract of Ipomoea mauritiana (IM) whole plant. For several formulations this plant was commonly used as 'Vidari' for Ayurvedic medicine. Traditionally, IM tubers are used to alleviate spinal cord pain, improve breast milk, as a tonic, increase sperm count and treating jaundice. The methanol extract can potentially scavenge free radicals and possess antibacterial activity that could be correlated with its chemical composition. So it is crucial to identify the major compounds of IM. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS) method was adopted to detect the flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids in IM methanol extract. Data presented here is related to a published work Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq.: A traditionally used medicinal plant in Bangladesh (Alam et al., 2020). Secondary metabolites were analyzed by the comparison of the mass fragmentation arrangements with Waters UNIFI library that enables for positive identification of the compounds based on the spectral match.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh
Fulltext Data set on trace metals in surface sediment and water from a sub-tropical estuarine system, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Hossain MB, Habib SB, Hossain MS, Jolly YN, Kamal AHM, Idris MH, et al.

Data Brief, 2020 Aug;31:105911.
PMID: 32637507 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105911

Meghna River Estuary, the largest estuarine system (GBM, Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna) in Bangladesh, is a major spawning ground of national fish, Hilsha shad. In this study, we collected 24 surface sediment and 24 water samples from the entire lower estuary (4 sites, 3 sampling points from each site, 2 replicas from each sampling point) to detect trace/heavy metals. Sediment samples were collected from the top surface soil (0-5 cm) using Ekman grab sampler and water samples from 5 cm below the surface layer using plastic water bottles. After collection, sediment and water samples were preserved as necessary using HNO3 (for water). Immediately after reaching the laboratory, sediment samples were dried in an oven at 70°C until the constant weight gained. The metals were then analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method (EDXRF) and calculated the metal concentrations. In total, 12 metals were detected and the average value (mg/Kg) of all metals for sediment samples followed the descending order of Fe > Ca > K >Ti >Sr >Zr >Rb> Cu > Zn >Pb >As > Ni, and for water the order (µg/mL) of Fe >Ti > Ca > Co >Mn > Ni > Zn >Sr > Cu > As > Se . Besides, several physicochemical parameters i.e. water pH, soil pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, hardness, and alkalinity of the 12 sampling points were also measured in-situ using handheld instruments.

Matched MeSH terms: Bangladesh

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