Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 86 in total

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  1. The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds and its emulsions
    Zarnowski R, Jaromin A, Certik M, Czabany T, Fontaine J, Jakubik T, et al.
    Z Naturforsch C J Biosci, 2008 11 13;59(5-6):321-6.
    PMID: 18998394
    The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds was analysed by chromatographic and instrumental means. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (86.2%), and low in polar lipids (13.8%). The neutral lipids consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (64.2%). Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 71%, while the percentage of saturated fatty acids was only 29%. GC and GC/MS analyses revealed linoleic, oleic and lignocerotic acid to be predominant among all fatty acids in the A. pavonina oil, whereas stigmasterol was the major steroid identified within this study. Subsequently, the oil was used for preparation of submicron oil-in-water (o/w) lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were formulated by using soybean lecithin (SL) to investigate their particle size, Zeta potential and stability at the different oil and SL ratios. The results obtained indicate possible applications of the tested oil in pharmaceutical and medical fields as drug and cosmetic active ingredient carriers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  2. Rapid thin-layer chromatographic semiquantification of morphine in urine via dabsylation: comparison with EMIT and thin-layer chromatographic-iodoplatinate methods
    Wang SY, Tham SY, Poon MK
    Clin Chem, 1989 Feb;35(2):329-30.
    PMID: 2644060
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods
  3. In vitro assessment of pediococci- and lactobacilli-induced cholesterol-lowering effect using digitally enhanced high-performance thin-layer chromatography and confocal microscopy
    Syakila RN, Lim SM, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Lim FT, Ramasamy K
    Anal Bioanal Chem, 2019 Feb;411(6):1181-1192.
    PMID: 30680424 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1544-2
    The cholesterol-lowering properties of 12 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the absence or presence of 0.3% bile salts were assessed and compared quantitatively and qualitatively in vitro. A new, more sensitive and cost-effective high-performance thin-layer chromatography method combined with digital image evaluation of derivatised chromatographic plates was developed and validated to quantify cholesterol in LAB culture media. The performance of the method was compared with that of the o-phthalaldehyde method. For qualitative assessment, assimilated fluorescently tagged cholesterol was visualised by confocal microscopy. All LAB strains exhibited a cholesterol-lowering effect of various degrees (19-59% in the absence and 14-69% in the presence of bile salts). Lactobacillus plantarum LAB12 and Pentosaceus pentosaceus LAB6 were the two best strains of lactobacilli and pediococci. They lowered cholesterol levels by 59% and 54%, respectively, in the absence and by 69% and 58%, respectively, in the presence of bile salts. Confocal microscopy showed that cholesterol was localised at the outermost cell membranes of LAB12 and LAB6. The present findings warrant in-depth in vivo study. Graphical abstract (A) 3D plots based on scan at 525 nm of (B) derivatized HPTLC plate of separated cholesterol and (C) confocal microscopic image showing the localisation of NBD-cholesterol assimilated by LAB.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods*
  4. High-performance thin layer chromatography-based phytochemical and bioactivity characterisation of anticancer endophytic fungal extracts derived from marine plants
    Lim SM, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Lim FT, Ramasamy K
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2021 Jan 30;193:113702.
    PMID: 33160220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113702
    Bioactive compounds from endophytic fungi exhibit diverse biological activities which include anticancer effect. Capitalising on the abundance of unexplored endophytes that reside within marine plants, this study assessed the anticancer potential of ethyl acetate endophytic fungal extracts (i.e. MBFT Tip 2.1, MBL 1.2, MBS 3.2, MKS 3 and MKS 3.1) derived from leaves, stem and fruits of marine plants that grow along Morib Beach, Malaysia. For identification of endophytic fungi, EF 4/ EF 3 and ITS 1/ ITS 4 PCR primer pairs were used to amplify the fungal 18S rDNA sequence and ITS region sequence, respectively. The resultant sequences were subjected to similarity search via the NCBI GenBank database. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) hyphenated with bioassays was used to characterise the extracts in terms of their phytochemical profiles and bioactivity. Microchemical derivatisation was used to assess polyphenolic and phytosterol/ terpenoid content whereas biochemical derivatisation was used to establish antioxidant activities and α-amylase enzyme inhibition. The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to assess the anticancer effect of the extracts against HCT116 (a human colorectal cancer cell line). The present results indicated MBS 3.2 (Penicillium decumbens) as the most potent extract against HCT116 (IC50 = 0.16 μg/mL), approximately 3-times more potent than 5-flurouracil (IC50 = 0.46 μg/mL). Stepwise multiple regression method suggests that the anticancer effect of MBS 3.2 could be associated with high polyphenolic content and antioxidant potential. Nonlinear regression analysis confirmed that low to moderate α-amylase inhibition exhibits maximum anticancer activity. Current findings warrant further in-depth mechanistic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  5. Polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in red cell membranes of unmedicated schizophrenic patients
    Peet M, Shah S, Selvam K, Ramchand CN
    World J. Biol. Psychiatry, 2004 Apr;5(2):92-9.
    PMID: 15179668
    There are several reports of reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in membrane phospholipid from various tissues including red blood cells (RBC) taken from schizophrenic patients. However, reports have not been entirely consistent and most studies have been confounded by the potential effects of environmental factors including antipsychotic medication and diet. We measured PUFA levels in RBC from two separate groups of unmedicated patients and control subjects from India and Malaysia, populations which have substantial differences in diet. We found no significant difference in levels of AA between patients and control subjects in either population. Levels of adrenic acid were significantly reduced, and levels of DHA significantly increased in both clinical populations. However, diet-related differences in DHA between the populations from India and Malaysia were much greater than differences between schizophrenic patients and controls. It is concluded that reduced RBC membrane levels of AA and DHA are not pathognomic of schizophrenia but that variations in cell membrane fatty acid levels are an epiphenomenon which may reflect underlying abnormalities of phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism and their interaction with environmental factors including medication and diet.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  6. Assessment of antioxidant activity in Victorian marine algal extracts using high performance thin-layer chromatography and multivariate analysis
    Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Morton DW, Ristivojević P
    J Chromatogr A, 2016 Oct 14;1468:228-235.
    PMID: 27670751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.041
    The aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and simple high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method to screen for antioxidant activity in algal samples. 16 algal species were collected from local Victorian beaches. Fucoxanthin, one of the most abundant marine carotenoids was quantified directly from the HPTLC plates before derivatization, while derivatization either with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) or ferric chloride (FeCl3) was used to analyze antioxidants in marine algae, based on their ability to scavenge non biological stable free radical (DPPH) or to chelate iron ions. Principal component analysis of obtained HPTLC fingerprints has classified algae species into 5 groups according to their chemical/antioxidant profiles. The investigated brown algae samples were found to be rich in non-and moderate-polar compounds and phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Most of the phenolic iron chelators also have shown free radical scavenging activity. Strong positive and significant correlations between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that, phenolic compounds, including flavonoids are the main contributors of antioxidant activity in these species. The results suggest that certain brown algae possess significantly higher antioxidant potential when compared to red or green algae and could be considered for future applications in medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics or food industries. Cystophora monilifera extract was found to have the highest antioxidant concentration, followed by Zonaria angustata, Cystophora pectinate, Codium fragile, and Cystophora pectinata. Fucoxanthin was found mainly in the brown algae species. The proposed methods provide an edge in terms of screening for antioxidants and quantification of antioxidant constituents in complex mixtures. The current application also demonstrates flexibility and versatility of a standard HPTLC system in the drug discovery. Proposed methods could be used for the bioassay-guided isolation of unknown natural antioxidants and subsequent identification if combined with spectroscopic identification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods
  7. The Production of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one from Callus Cultures of (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) Tongkat Ali
    Maziah M, Rosli N
    Methods Mol Biol, 2009;547:359-69.
    PMID: 19521859 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-287-2_29
    Plant cell culture technology is potentially useful in producing high-valued secondary metabolites. Eurycoma longifolia root extracts are consumed as a health tonic but more popularly used as an aphrodisiac. Studies on the aphrodisiac properties and the possible compounds involved have been widely studied. There are many potentially useful compounds reported from the root extracts of E. longifolia. However, studies on the in vitro production of useful compounds from this plant have not been reported. This chapter will describe methods of callus induction and extraction of 9-methoxycanthin-6-one from E. longifolia Jack explants with emphasis on the tap and fibrous roots. This compound, known to have anti-tumour activity, is present in intact plant parts and in callus tissues of different explants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  8. Optimization of enzymatic synthesis of palm-based kojic acid ester using response surface methodology
    Ashari SE, Mohamad R, Ariff A, Basri M, Salleh AB
    J Oleo Sci, 2009;58(10):503-10.
    PMID: 19745577
    Kojic acid monooleate is a fatty acid derivative of kojic acid which can be widely used as a skin whitening agent in a cosmetic applications. In avoiding any possible harmful effects from chemically synthesized product, the enzymatic synthesis appears to be the best way to satisfy the consumer demand nowadays. The ability of immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor meihei (lipozyme RMIM) to catalyze the direct esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid was investigated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and 5-level-4-factor central composite rotatable were employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters such as enzyme amount (0.1-0.4 g), temperature (30-60 degrees C), substrate molar ratio (1-4 mmol, kojic acid:oleic acid) and reaction time (24-48 h) on percentage molar conversion to kojic acid monooleate. Analysis of the product using TLC, GC and FTIR showed the presence of kojic acid monooleate. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic reaction were obtained after analysis with backward elimination using 0.17 g of enzyme and 4 mmol of substrate at 52.50 degrees C for 42 h. Under these conditions the esterification percentage was 37.21%. The results demonstrated that response surface methodology can be applied effectively to optimize the lipase-catalysed synthesis of kojic acid monooleate. The optimum conditions can be used to scale up the process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  9. Secretory expression and characterization of a highly Ca2+-activated thermostable L2 lipase
    Sabri S, Rahman RN, Leow TC, Basri M, Salleh AB
    Protein Expr Purif, 2009 Dec;68(2):161-6.
    PMID: 19679187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.08.002
    Thermostable lipases are important biocatalysts, showing many interesting properties with industrial applications. Previously, a thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain L2 that produces a thermostable lipase was isolated. In this study, the gene encoding for mature thermostable L2 lipase was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector. Under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase (AOX) promoter, the recombinant L2 lipase was secreted into the culture medium driven by the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal sequence. After optimization the maximum recombinant lipase activity achieved in shake flasks was 125 U/ml. The recombinant 44.5 kDa L2 lipase was purified 1.8-fold using affinity chromatography with 63.2% yield and a specific activity of 458.1 U/mg. Its activity was maximal at 70 degrees C and pH 8.0. Lipase activity increased 5-fold in the presence of Ca2+. L2 lipase showed a preference for medium to long chain triacylglycerols (C(10)-C(16)), corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil, and palm oil. Stabilization at high temperature and alkaline pH as well as its broad substrate specificity offer great potential for application in various industries that require high temperature operations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  10. Occurrence of opium alkaloids in commercial herbal stomach remedy preparation
    Gan EK, Sam TW
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Sep;31(1):33-5.
    PMID: 1023010
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  11. Fulltext Bioassay-directed isolation of active compounds with antiyeast activity from a Cassia fistula seed extract
    Jothy SL, Zakaria Z, Chen Y, Lau YL, Latha LY, Shin LN, et al.
    Molecules, 2011 Sep 05;16(9):7583-92.
    PMID: 21894090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097583
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cassia fistula L belongs to the family Leguminosae, and it is one of the most popular herbal products in tropical countries. C. fistula seeds have been used as a herbal medicine and have pharmacological activity which includes anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and antioxidant properties. The goal of this study was to identify compounds from C. fistula seeds which are responsible for anti-Candida albicans activity using bioassay-directed isolation.

    RESULTS: The preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant seed revealed the presence of anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The isolation of active compounds was carried out in four steps: multiple extractions, fractionation using column chromatography and purification using preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The structure of separated compounds was determined on the basis of mass spectrometry data. One compound was identified is roseanone.

    CONCLUSIONS: The MS analysis on the active fraction from seed extract of C. fistula confirmed the presence of roseanone with antiyeast activity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  12. Fulltext Reinventing nano drug delivery systems for hydrophilic active ingredients in Ayurvedic lipid based formulations containing poly herbal decoction
    Duraipandi S, Selvakumar V
    J Ayurveda Integr Med, 2019 01 08;11(3):224-227.
    PMID: 30635246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2018.01.008
    BACKGROUND: Anu Tailam, an Ayurvedic medicated oil where 'anu' meant for atom and 'tailam' meant for oil and virtually meant for 'oil of subtle or atomic size particles'. Since the major active ingredients in this formulation are incorporated from the polyherbal decoction, it is expected to contain predominantly water soluble ingredients.

    OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that these polar active botanical ingredients are present in the formulation should be either suspended in the form of submicron particles or entrapped in the submicron vesicular structures since the formulation did not show any precipitation or phase separation instead showed a monophasic oily liquid with very little moisture.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present investigation, the micro architecture of the anu tailam is studied via column chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography to prove the contents are polar hydrophilic compounds followed by optical microscopy, photon correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to study the particle/vesicle size of the formulation.

    RESULTS: In this study, it was proved that the formulation contained only polar ingredients and can be extracted in polar solvents like methanol and ethanol. It was also found that the formulation taken for study contained nano particles of the active botanical ingredients embedded in a network of vesicular structures of the lipid base.

    CONCLUSION: The selected Ayurvedic formulation 'anutailam' found to contain novel nano drug delivery system to deliver water soluble ingredients across barriers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  13. Fulltext Antibacterial and Antispore Activities of Isolated Compounds from Piper cubeba L
    Alqadeeri F, Rukayadi Y, Abbas F, Shaari K
    Molecules, 2019 Aug 26;24(17).
    PMID: 31454974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173095
    Piper cubeba L. is the berry of a shrub that is indigenous to Java, Southern Borneo, Sumatra, and other islands in the Indian Ocean. The plant is usually used in folk traditional medicine and is an important ingredient in cooking. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify the bioactive compounds from P. cubeba L. fractions. In addition, the isolated compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antispore activities against vegetative cells and spores of Bacilluscereus ATCC33019, B. subtilis ATCC6633, B.pumilus ATCC14884, and B.megaterium ATCC14581. The phytochemical investigation of the DCM fraction yielded two known compounds: β-asarone (1), and asaronaldehyde (2) were successfully isolated and identified from the methanol extract and its fractions of P. cubeba L. Results showed that exposing the vegetative cells of Bacillus sp. to isolated compounds resulted in an inhibition zone with a large diameter ranging between 7.21 to 9.61 mm. The range of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 63.0 to 125.0 µg/mL and had minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 250.0 to 500.0 µg/mL against Bacillus sp. Isolated compounds at a concentration of 0.05% inactivated more than 3-Log10 (90.99%) of the spores of Bacillus sp. after an incubation period of four hours, and all the spores were killed at a concentration of 0.1%. The structures were recognizably elucidated based on 1D and 2D-NMR analyses (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and mass spectrometry data. Compounds 1, and 2 were isolated for the first time from this plant. In conclusion, the two compounds show a promising potential of antibacterial and sporicidal activities against Bacillus sp. and thus can be developed as an anti-Bacillus agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  14. Ergosterol from the soilborne fungus Ganoderma boninense
    Toh Choon RL, Sariah M, Siti Mariam MN
    J Basic Microbiol, 2012 Oct;52(5):608-12.
    PMID: 22143962 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100308
    Ergosterol is the main component of the fungal membrane and is not found in plants or other microbial cells. Therefore, it can be a useful biomarker for the quantification of fungal biomass. We are now reporting the first isolation and characterisation of ergosterol from the mycelium of G. boninense. The ergosterol structure was detected by Thin Liquid Chromatography (TLC) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and confirmed with Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  15. Heterogeneity of mycolactones produced by clinical isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans: implications for virulence
    Mve-Obiang A, Lee RE, Portaels F, Small PL
    Infect Immun, 2003 Feb;71(2):774-83.
    PMID: 12540557
    Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, a severe necrotizing skin disease endemic in tropical countries. Clinical evidence suggests that M. ulcerans isolates from Asia, Mexico, and Australia may be less virulent than isolates from Africa. In vivo studies suggest that mycolactone, a polyketide-derived macrolide toxin, plays a major role in the tissue destruction and immune suppression which occur in cases of Buruli ulcer. Mycolactones were extracted from 34 isolates of M. ulcerans representing strains from Africa, Malaysia, Asia, Australia, and Mexico. Thin-layer chromatography, mass spectroscopic analysis, and cytopathic assays of partially purified mycolactones from these isolates revealed that M. ulcerans produces a heterogeneous mixture of mycolactone variants. Mycolactone A/B, the most biologically active mycolactone species, was identified by mass spectroscopy as [M(+)Na](+) at m/z 765.5 in all cytotoxic isolates except for those from Mexico. Mycolactone C [M+Na](+) at m/z 726.3 was the dominant mycolactone species in eight Australian isolates, and mycolactone D [M+Na](+) m/z 781.2 was characteristic of two Asian strains. Mycolactone species are conserved within specific geographic areas, suggesting that there may be a correlation between mycolactone profile and virulence. In addition, the core lactone, [M+Na](+) m/z 447.4, was identified as a minor species, supporting the hypothesis that mycolactones are synthesized by two polyketide synthases. A cytopathic assay of the core lactone showed that this molecule is sufficient for cytotoxicity, although it is much less potent than the complete mycolactone.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  16. Assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase activity using anionic-exchange column chromatography
    Ong KK, Khor HT, Tan DT
    Anal Biochem, 1991 Aug 01;196(2):211-4.
    PMID: 1776669
    A rapid, easy, and sensitive method is described in this paper for the assay of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) reductase, a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. [14C]HMG CoA was used as the substrate and the product formed, i.e., [14C]mevalonate, was allowed to be converted to its lactone form (mevalonolactone) in the presence of HCl. The reaction mixture was applied to a column containing an anionic exchanger. The column was made up of QAE-Sephadex (A25, formate form) packed to a height of 4 cm in Pasteur pipets. Under these conditions, mevalonolactone was not retained by the column and was eluted with ammonium formate solution while HMG CoA, being negatively charged, was retained by the gel and eluted by HCl above 0.05 M. Determination of the amount of radioactivity in mevalonolactone was then used to quantitate the activity of HMG CoA reductase. This assay has been successfully used for determining the activity of this enzyme in a microsomal fraction prepared from the liver of the rat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods
  17. Male sex pheromonal components derived from methyl eugenol in the hemolymph of the fruit fly Bactrocera papayae
    Hee AK, Tan KH
    J Chem Ecol, 2004 Nov;30(11):2127-38.
    PMID: 15672660 DOI: 10.1023/B:JOEC.0000048778.02561.70
    Pharmacophagy of methyl eugenol (ME)--a highly potent male attractant, by Bactrocera papayae results in the hydroxylation of ME to sex pheromonal components, 2-ally-4,5-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and (E)-coniferyl alcohol (CF). These compounds, which are also male attractants, are then sequestered and stored in the rectal gland prior to their release during courtship at dusk. Chemical analyses of the digestive tract (excluding the crop and rectal gland) showed the absence of the sex pheromonal components and their precursor, ME. However, B. papayae males were attracted to and fed on the ME-fed male hemolymph extracts but not on hemolymph extracts of ME-deprived males. After thin layer chromatography in a hexane:ethyl acetate solvent system, flies were attracted to and fed on the original point on the TLC plate where the hemolymph extract had been spotted, suggesting that the pheromone components were bound in polar complexes. Chemical analyses of the ME-fed male hemolymph and crop extracts revealed the presence of the sex pheromonal components. The presence of the ME-derived pheromonal components and the absence of ME in the hemolymph suggest that the hemolymph is involved in the transportation of sex pheromonal components from the crop to the rectal gland.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  18. Fulltext Induction of cytotoxicity by Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line via activation of the intrinsic pathway
    Chaudhry GE, Rahman NH, Sevakumaran V, Ahmad A, Mohamad H, Zafar MN, et al.
    J Adv Pharm Technol Res, 2020 10 10;11(4):233-237.
    PMID: 33425710 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_81_20
    Breast cancer is among the frequently occurring cancer worldwide. The foremost underline aim of this study was to determine the growth inhibitory effect along with mechanistic study of a Bruguiera gymnorrhiza extract on MCF-7. The cytotoxicity activity was determined by using the MTS assay. Butanol extract exhibited the maximum cytotoxicity activity against the MCF-7 cells with IC50 of 3.39 μg/mL, followed by diethyl ether and methanol extract (IC50 at 16.22 μg/mL and 37.15 μg/mL, respectively) at 72 h. The DeadEndTM Colorimetric Apoptosis Detection System confirmed the induction of apoptosis (via DNA fragmentation) in MCF-7 cells. Both butanol and diethyl ether extracts of B. gymnorrhiza significantly increase the caspase-3 level. However, the diethyl ether extract induced higher caspase-9 levels compared to caspase-8, suggesting that the intrinsic pathway was the major route in the process of apoptosis. Thin-layer chromatography profiling demonstrated the presence of phenolic, terpene, and alkaloid compounds in crude methanol, diethyl ether, and butanol extracts. The phytochemicals present in the extracts of B. gymnorrhiza might have the potential to be a future therapeutic agent against breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  19. Fulltext The effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation of Burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates
    Ramli NS, Eng Guan C, Nathan S, Vadivelu J
    PLoS One, 2012;7(9):e44104.
    PMID: 22970167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044104
    Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram-negative saprophytic bacterium, is the causative agent of the potentially fatal melioidosis disease in humans. In this study, environmental parameters including temperature, nutrient content, pH and the presence of glucose were shown to play a role in in vitro biofilm formation by 28 B. pseudomallei clinical isolates, including four isolates with large colony variants (LCVs) and small colony variants (SCVs) morphotypes. Enhanced biofilm formation was observed when the isolates were tested in LB medium, at 30 °C, at pH 7.2, and in the presence of as little as 2 mM glucose respectively. It was also shown that all SVCs displayed significantly greater capacity to form biofilms than the corresponding LCVs when cultured in LB at 37 °C. In addition, octanoyl-homoserine lactone (C(8)-HSL), a quorum sensing molecule, was identified by mass spectrometry analysis in bacterial isolates referred to as LCV CTH, LCV VIT, SCV TOM, SCV CTH, 1 and 3, and the presence of other AHL's with higher masses; decanoyl-homoserine lactone (C(10)-HSL) and dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone (C(12)-HSL) were also found in all tested strain in this study. Last but not least, we had successfully acquired two Bacillus sp. soil isolates, termed KW and SA respectively, which possessed strong AHLs degradation activity. Biofilm formation of B. pseudomallei isolates was significantly decreased after treated with culture supernatants of KW and SA strains, demonstrating that AHLs may play a role in B. pseudomallei biofilm formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
  20. Fulltext Bioguided Fractionation of Local Plants against Matrix Metalloproteinase9 and Its Cytotoxicity against Breast Cancer Cell Models: In Silico and In Vitro Study
    Hariono M, Rollando R, Karamoy J, Hariyono P, Atmono M, Djohan M, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Oct 14;25(20).
    PMID: 33066411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204691
    Matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9) is known to be highly expressed during metastatic cancer where most known potential inhibitors failed in the clinical trials. This study aims to select local plants in our state, as anti-breast cancer agent with hemopexin-like domain of MMP9 (PEX9) as the selective protein target. In silico screening for PEX9 inhibitors was performed from our in house-natural compound database to identify the plants. The selected plants were extracted using methanol and then a step-by-step in vitro screening against MMP9 was performed from its crude extract, partitions until fractions using FRET-based assay. The partitions were obtained by performing liquid-liquid extraction on the methanol extract using n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water representing nonpolar to polar solvents. The fractions were made from the selected partition, which demonstrated the best inhibition percentage toward MMP9, using column chromatography. Of the 200 compounds screened, 20 compounds that scored the binding affinity -11.2 to -8.1 kcal/mol toward PEX9 were selected as top hits. The binding of these hits were thoroughly investigated and linked to the plants which they were reported to be isolated from. Six of the eight crude extracts demonstrated inhibition toward MMP9 with the IC50 24 to 823 µg/mL. The partitions (1 mg/mL) of Ageratum conyzoides aerial parts and Ixora coccinea leaves showed inhibition 94% and 96%, whereas their fractions showed IC50 43 and 116 µg/mL, respectively toward MMP9. Using MTT assay, the crude extract of Ageratum exhibited IC50 22 and 229 µg/mL against 4T1 and T47D cell proliferations, respectively with a high safety index concluding its potential anti-breast cancer from herbal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, Thin Layer
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