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  1. Fulltext The association of body mass index with health-related quality of life: an exploratory study in a multiethnic Asian population
    Wee HL, Cheung YB, Loke WC, Tan CB, Chow MH, Li SC, et al.
    Value Health, 2008 Mar;11 Suppl 1:S105-14.
    PMID: 18387053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00374.x
    To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a multiethnic Asian population in Singapore, and to explore if the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of alternative BMI cutoffs for Asians could be further strengthened by evidence of higher risk of impaired HRQoL using these criteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  2. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Singapore Malay and Tamil versions of the EQ-5D
    Wee HL, Loke WC, Li SC, Fong KY, Cheung YB, Machin D, et al.
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2007 Jun;36(6):403-8.
    PMID: 17597964
    INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the validity of the Singaporean Malay and Tamil versions of the EQ-5D.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The EQ- 5D was cross-culturally adapted and translated using an iterative process following standard guidelines. Consenting adult Malay- and Tamil-speaking subjects at a primary care facility in Singapore were interviewed using a questionnaire (including the EQ-5D, a single item assessing global health, the SF-8 and sociodemographic questions) in their respective language versions. Known-groups and convergent construct validity of the EQ-5D was investigated by testing 30 a priori hypotheses per language at attribute and overall levels.

    RESULTS: Complete data were obtained for 94 Malay and 78 Indian patients (median age, 54 years and 51 years, respectively). At the attribute level, all 16 hypotheses were fulfilled with several reaching statistical significance (Malay: 4; Tamil: 5). At the overall level, 42 of 44 hypotheses related to the EQ-5D/ EQ-VAS were fulfilled (Malay: 22; Tamil: 20), with 21 reaching statistical significance (Malay: 9; Tamil: 12).

    CONCLUSION: In this study among primary care patients, the Singapore Malay and Tamil EQ-5D demonstrated satisfactory known-groups and convergent validity.

    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  3. The impact of diabetes mellitus and other chronic medical conditions on health-related Quality of Life: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts?
    Wee HL, Cheung YB, Li SC, Fong KY, Thumboo J
    Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2005;3:2.
    PMID: 15644146
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health concern, the impact of which is increased by the high prevalence of co-existing chronic medical conditions among subjects with DM. The aims of this study were therefore to (1) evaluate the impact of DM and co-existing chronic medical conditions on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (which could be additive, synergistic or subtractive); (2) to determine the extent to which the SF-6D (a single-index preference measure) captures the multidimensional information provided by the SF-36 (a profile measure).
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  4. The influence of ethnicity on health-related quality of life in diabetes mellitus: a population-based, multiethnic study
    Wee HL, Li SC, Cheung YB, Fong KY, Thumboo J
    J Diabetes Complications, 2006;20(3):170-8.
    PMID: 16632237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.06.010
    OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in diabetic participants using both profile [the Short-Form 36 (SF-36)] and single-index (the SF-6D) instruments and to evaluate the usefulness of the SF-6D as a summary measure for the SF-36.
    RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional, population-based survey of Chinese, Malay, and Indians in Singapore, we analyzed the influence of ethnicity and other variables on each SF-36 scale and SF-6D scores using linear regression models to adjust for the influence of known determinants of HRQoL.
    RESULTS: Data from 309 diabetic respondents were analyzed. Compared with other ethnicities, Indians were most likely to report impaired HRQoL. The unadjusted influence of ethnicity on HRQoL exceeded the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for all SF-36 scales (MCID: 5 points) and the SF-6D (MCID: 0.033 points). After adjusting for gender, age, and education, the influence of Chinese ethnicity exceeded the MCID for all SF-36 scales, except vitality (VT) and mental health (MH), as well as for the SF-6D. The influence of Malay ethnicity exceeded the MCID only for the SF-36 MH scale and the SF-6D. The influence of ethnicity on HRQoL persisted after adjusting further for other determinants of HRQoL. The SF-6D reflected the ethnic trends for some but not all SF-36 scales.
    CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and other factors known to influence HRQoL, ethnicity remained an important factor influencing HRQoL in this population-based multiethnic sample of diabetic Asians. Further studies to identify modifiable factors explaining the ethnic disparities in HRQoL among diabetic participants are needed. The SF-6D may be a useful summary measure for the SF-36.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  5. Health burden associated with visual impairment in Singapore: the Singapore epidemiology of eye disease study
    Wang X, Lamoureux E, Zheng Y, Ang M, Wong TY, Luo N
    Ophthalmology, 2014 Sep;121(9):1837-42.
    PMID: 24768238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.03.017
    To assess the impact of visual impairment (VI) on health-related quality of life and to compare the health burden of VI and other health conditions in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  6. Fulltext Gestational diabetes: what size the problem?
    Wang KW, Balakrishnan V, Liauw PC, Chua EK, Vengadasalam D, Tan YT
    Singapore Med J, 1988 Feb;29(1):53-5.
    PMID: 3406769
    Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease in Singapore. Its occurrence in pregnant women was 1.3% in a previous report. In a survey of 145 consecutive pregnant women registered at Alexandra Hospital the incidence of gestational diabetes was 13.1% when a total screen with 75 gm oral glucose challenge was used. The mean age of this sample was 27 years and the mean gestation at screening 33 weeks. There was an excess of Malay and Indian patients. Fifty percent had traditional risk factors tor gestational diabetes. Whether this higher incidence is a result of more stringent screening and/or increased occurrence remains to be confirmed.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  7. Fulltext Nine different glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants in a Malaysian population with Malay, Chinese, Indian and Orang Asli (aboriginal Malaysian) backgrounds
    Wang J, Luo E, Hirai M, Arai M, Abdul-Manan E, Mohamed-Isa Z, et al.
    Acta Med. Okayama, 2008 Oct;62(5):327-32.
    PMID: 18985093
    The Malaysian people consist of several ethnic groups including the Malay, the Chinese, the Indian and the Orang Asli (aboriginal Malaysians). We collected blood samples from outpatients of 2 hospitals in the State of Selangor and identified 27 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient subjects among these ethnic groups. In the Malay, G6PD Viangchan (871GA, 1311CT, IVS11 nt93TC) and G6PD Mahidol (487GA) types, which are common in Cambodia and Myanmar, respectively, were detected. The Malay also had both subtypes of G6PD Mediterranean:the Mediterranean subtype (563CT, 1311CT, IVS11 nt93TC) and the Indo-Pakistan subtype (563CT, 1311C, IVS11 nt93T). In Malaysians of Chinese background, G6PD Kaiping (1388GA), G6PD Canton (1376GT) and G6PD Gaohe (95AG), which are common in China, were detected. Indian Malaysians possessed G6PD Mediterranean (Indo-Pakistan subtype) and G6PD Namoru (208TC), a few cases of which had been reported in Vanuatu and many in India. Our findings indicate that G6PD Namoru occurs in India and flows to Malaysia up to Vanuatu. We also discovered 5 G6PD-deficient cases with 2 nucleotide substitutions of 1311CT and IVS11 nt93TC, but without amino-acid substitution in the G6PD molecule. These results indicate that the Malaysian people have incorporated many ancestors in terms of G6PD variants.
    Study site: Kajang District Hospital and the Hospital Orang Asli Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  8. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia: a study of 539 patients and comparison of prevalence and disease expression in different racial and gender groups
    Wang F, Wang CL, Tan CT, Manivasagar M
    Lupus, 1997;6(3):248-53.
    PMID: 9104731 DOI: 10.1177/096120339700600306
    The aims of this study were to examine the clinical and laboratory features of Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify any difference in disease expression between the different genders and among the three major ethnic groups of Malaysia. Retrospective analysis of all patients with SLE admitted to and followed-up at University Hospital Kuala Lumpur from 1974-90 was undertaken. Ethnic Chinese had the highest prevalence of SLE compared to other ethnic groups. There was a high incidence of renal disease, 74% of patient had significant proteinuria and half of these had associated nephrotic syndrome. Indian patients had significantly less incidence of skin manifestation compared to other racial groups. No difference in disease expression was detected between the ethnic Chinese and Indians and between the male and female patients. The overall 5 y and 10 y survival rates were 82% and 70% respectively. Indian patients had the poorest survival rates. Survival rates are similar among the Chinese and Malay patients. Our findings are in broad agreement with those previously reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  9. Prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to ribonucleoproteins in systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia
    Wang CL, Ooi L, Wang F
    Br J Rheumatol, 1996 Feb;35(2):129-32.
    PMID: 8612023
    One hundred and seventy patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the prevalence of antibodies to the small RNA-associated proteins Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, U1RNP and Sm. The relationship of these autoantibodies to different races, sexes and clinical manifestations of SLE was evaluated. Passive immunodiffusion was employed using human spleen extract as antigen source for Ro and rabbit thymus extract for La, Sm and U1RNP. We found the prevalence of antibodies to be as follows: anti-Ro/SSA, 36%; anti-La/SSB, 8%; anti-Sm, 15% ; anti-U1RNP, 21%. Except for a low prevalence of anti-La, the prevalence of these antibodies was similar to that in Western studies, The prevalence of anti-Ro/SSA is similar to that reported in the Western studies, but lower than that reported in the Oriental patients from Singapore and Hong Kong. Linkages of anti-Ro with anti-La antibodies were usual; however, although anti-Sm antibodies were usually associated with anti-U1RNP, they were more frequently associated with anti-Ro antibodies. The Malay patients had a high prevalence of anti U1RNP compared to other races. No gender difference was detected. Anti-Sm antibody was associated with serositis and anti-U1RNP antibodies with Raynaud's phenomenon. No association was found between the presence of skin renal or cerebral manifestations and any specific antibodies or combination of antibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  10. Fulltext Factors related to alcohol drinking among the adolescents in federal territory, Kuala Lumpur
    Wan Rozita WM, Kaur H, Amal NM, Lim KH
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):23-26.
    MyJurnal
    Misuse of alcohol among adolescents, particularly schoolchildren has become one of the public health concerns in Malaysia due to its serious effects and an increased risk of alcohol related injuries, especially motor vehicle injuries. This is the most common type of youthful fatal injury in Malaysia. However the availability of data on the extent of alcohol abuse particularly among school children in this country is limited. Therefore, we conducted this study with the objectives of identifying the prevalence of alcohol drinking among school children in Kuala Lumpur, factors rekited to alcohol drinking among the adolescents and to assess health status of their parents through the presence of any related alcohol diseases and the habits of alcohol drinking among their parents.
    In this baseline study a two stage stratified sampling design was used to recruit 8532 eligible students from the selected secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 9.0% (771 / 8532) . Significant factors identihed related to alcohol consumption were akoholic father (OR=1.29), akoholic mother (1 .55) ; elder siblings consume alcohol (2 .49) and the Chinese ethnic group (1 .55) . The study revealed that factors which signihcantly contributed to the habit of alcohol drinking were related to whether their parents consumed alcohol or not or either their eMer siblings were ako taking alcohol. Therefore, the, results from this study could be used as a baseline data to describe the level of alcohol consumption among adolescents particularly school children. Ehfective public health interventions that focus on the familial context of adolescents' drinking habits may be developed.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  11. Prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia and usefulness of HbA1c as a diagnostic criterion
    Wan Nazaimoon WM, Md Isa SH, Wan Mohamad WB, Khir AS, Kamaruddin NA, Kamarul IM, et al.
    Diabet Med, 2013 Jul;30(7):825-8.
    PMID: 23413941 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12161
    AIM: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Malaysians aged ≥ 30 years of age has increased by more than twofold over a 20-year period. This study aimed to determine the current status and to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the HbA(1c) cut-off point of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%).
    METHODS: Using a two-stage stratified sampling design, participants aged ≥ 18 years were recruited from five zones selected to represent Malaysia. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on all those not known to have diabetes.
    RESULTS: A total of 4341 subjects were recruited. By World Health Organization criteria, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 22.9%; of that percentage, 10.8% was known diabetes and 12.1% was newly diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes was most prevalent amongst Indians (37.9%) and Malays (23.8%). Prevalence of new diabetes mellitus was only 5.5% (95% CI 4.9-6.3) when based on the HbA(1c) diagnostic criteria of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) and, although the cut-off point was highly specific (98.1%), it was less sensitive (36.7%) compared with 45 mmol/mol (6.3%), which showed the optimal sum of sensitivity (42.5%) and specificity (97.4%) in identifying new diabetes mellitus.
    CONCLUSION: This study recorded an overall diabetes prevalence of 22.6%, almost a twofold increase from 11.6% reported in 2006. This was likely attributable to the higher prevalence of new diabetes (12.1%) diagnosed following an oral glucose tolerance test. An HbA(1c) of 45 mmol/mol (6.3%) was found to be a better predictive cut-off point for detecting new diabetes in our multi-ethnic population.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  12. Prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies amongst young Malaysian diabetics
    Wan Nazaimoon WM, Faridah I, Singaraveloo M, Ismail IS, Wan Mohamad WB, Letchuman R, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1999 Jan;43(1):59-66.
    PMID: 10199589 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(98)00108-9
    This study determined the prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD Ab) in a group of 926 young Malaysian diabetics of three ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian. Patients were clinically diagnosed to be Type 1 or Type 2 before the age of 40 years. The overall GAD Ab positivity was 17.4% (161/926), significantly higher in the Type 1 than the Type 2 diabetics (35.5%, 116/329 vs. 7.5%, 45/597, P=0.0001). Compared to GAD Ab negative patients, seropositive diabetics were diagnosed at younger age (21.2+/-0.9 vs. 27.4+/-0.3 y, P=0.0001), had lower fasting (289+/-27.4 vs. 640+/-17.6 pmol/l, P=0.0001) and post-glucagon C-peptide levels (527+/-51.8 vs. 1030+/-28.9 pmol/l, P=0.0001). There were no racial differences in the prevalence of GAD Ab; of the total Type 1, 30.8, 36.4, and 39.4% were Malay, Chinese, and Indian diabetics, respectively and of the total Type 2, 8.8, 8.2, and 4.4% were Malay, Chinese, and Indian diabetics respectively. There was a curvilinear relationship between GAD Ab and the post-glucagon C-peptide levels, suggesting that GAD Ab do play a role in the beta-cells destruction and could be an important immune marker for the LADA group. This study reconfirmed previous reports that the autoimmune mechanisms in the Type 1 Asian diabetics are indeed different from the Caucasians, and further investigations should be carried out to explain the differences.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  13. Cardiac sarcoidosis: two cases with autopsy findings
    Wan Muhaizan WM, Swaminathan M, Daud MS
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):59-63.
    PMID: 16196153
    Cardiac sarcoidosis is a disease of young adults. In most cases it presents with sudden death, arrhythmias, conduction disorders, heart failure or cardiomyopathy. The authors describe two cases of myocardial involvement by sarcoidosis that lead to death of the patients. Case one was a 26-year-old Indian man who was previously well and presented with sudden death. Autopsy showed nodules of sarcoid granuloma involving the heart, lungs and lymph nodes. Case two was a 47-year-old Indian lady who complained of reduced effort tolerance. Echocardiography showed that she had restrictive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Seven months after initial presentation, she developed worsening of heart failure and died. Autopsy revealed involvement of the heart, lungs and liver by sarcoidosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  14. Fulltext Meal patterns of Malaysian adults: findings from the Malaysian adults nutrition survey (MANS)
    Wan Abdul Manan WM, Nur Firdaus I, Safiah MY, Siti Haslinda MD, Poh BK, Norimah AK, et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2012 Aug;18(2):221-30.
    PMID: 24575668 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Meal patterns have received little attention in nutrition studies. The aim of this study is to present the findings on general meal patterns of Malaysian adults.
    METHODS: The Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey (MANS), carried out in 2002 and 2003, involved 6,928 adults selected by stratified random sampling from all households by zone in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak.
    RESULTS: In general, the results showed that most respondents (74.16%) ate three meals per day; 89.20% of the respondents consumed breakfast, while 88.57% consumed lunch and 91.97% consumed dinner with no significant difference in terms of sex. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Northern Zone had the highest number of people consuming breakfast compared to other zones. Meanwhile, the population in Sarawak had the largest proportion of people consuming lunch and dinner, but the smallest proportion of people consuming breakfast. A significantly higher number of the rural population consumed breakfast and lunch than urbanites; however there was no significant difference in dinner consumption. Generally, breakfast consumption increased with age whereby significant difference existed between the 18 to 19 years age group and the age group of 30 years and older. Lunch intake among the age groups showed no significant difference. In contrast, dinner consumption was significantly lower among the 18 to 19 years age group compared to all other age groups. Comparison among the ethnic groups showed that the Indian population had the lowest percentage of having breakfast and lunch while the Orang Asli had the lowest percentage of consuming dinner. However, the Orang Asli recorded the highest percentage for taking breakfast and lunch while the Chinese had the highest percentage of taking dinner.
    CONCLUSION: Considering that Malaysian adults consumed their conventional breakfast, lunch and dinner, these findings indicatethat Malaysians are maintaining their traditional meal patterns.
    Study name: Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS-2003)
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  15. The use of plasmochin compound and quinine with Indian labour under estate conditions in Malaya
    Wallace RB
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1930;5:11-25.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  16. Parasuicide: a Singapore perspective
    Wai BH, Heok KE
    Ethn Health, 1998 Nov;3(4):255-63.
    PMID: 10403107
    This study was undertaken to determine whether there were ethnic and social variations in parasuicide in the population of Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  17. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in an urban health clinic - a preliminary study
    Vinothini A, Khoo EM, Kamarulzaman A
    Family Physician, 2005;13(1):10-15.
    Introduction. The aim of this study is to determine pregnant women's knowledge regarding AIDS and to identify factors affecting their knowledge This information would provide some baseline data in designing health education measures for this target group.
    Methods. A face-to-face interview was carried out on one-hundred pregnant women attending an urban antenatal clinic in Malaysia between October and November 1999.
    Results. The mean age of the women was 27.8 years old (SD = 5.0, range 20 - 40 years). In general, these women had good knowledge of HIV and AIDS. More than 80% of them were aware of the main modes of HIV transmission. However, only half knew that HIV could be transmitted through breastfeeding. Sixty percent of women had the misconception that the virus could be acquired through blood donation. There was a lack of knowledge regarding the symptoms and the progression of AIDS. More than 90% of the women knew that AIDS is incurable. Three quarters of them were aware that early treatment can slow down the progression of the disease, but only 16% knew that maternal HIV transmission can be reduced by treatment. Good knowledge was positively correlated with higher level of education (p<0.05).
    Discussion. Although health education programs in Malaysia have succeeded in educating pregnant women regarding AIDS in general, certain important information is still not being disseminated. Future health education should formulate targeted strategies to overcome this problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  18. Total jejuno-ileal volvulus with jejunal diverticulosis
    Vine LE
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;5:58-9.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  19. Ethnic and other factors affecting birthweight in Singapore
    Viegas OA, Ratnam SS, Cole TJ
    Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1989 Aug;29(4):289-95.
    PMID: 2571528
    Data on 1800 term babies, 600 from each of the Chinese, Malay and Indian racial groups, were used to identify the factors affecting birthweight in Singapore. After adjustment for gestation, maternal height and other variables, the mean Indian birthweight was 100 g less than for the Chinese (P less than 0.001), 0.001), while the Malays averaged 33 g less than the Chinese. The shortfall in Indian birthweight is thought to be due, at least partly, to environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
  20. Aggression in Asian patients with first-episode psychosis
    Verma S, Poon LY, Subramaniam M, Chong SA
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2005 Dec;51(4):365-71.
    PMID: 16400911
    The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence and severity of aggression in patients with first-episode psychosis and to identify the association between aggression and sociodemographic and clinical factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: India/ethnology
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