Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 364 in total

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  1. Phenotypic characterization of culture expanded rabbit limbal corneal keratocytes
    Abd Ghafar N, Chua KH, Wan Ngah WZ, Che Hamzah J, Othman F, Abd Rahman R, et al.
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2014 Mar;15(1):25-34.
    PMID: 23292197 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9360-y
    The in vivo quiescent corneal stroma keratocytes need to be transformed to activated state in order to obtain sufficient number of cells either for monolayer evaluation or corneal stroma reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic characterization of corneal stromal cells during culture expansion from the limbal region of the cornea. Isolated corneal keratocytes from limbal tissue of New Zealand White Strain rabbits' corneas (n = 6) were culture expanded until three passages. Keratocytes morphology was examined daily with viability, growth rate, number of cell doubling and population doubling time were recorded at each passage. The expression of collagen type 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), lumican and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by RT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry was also used to detect ALDH, α-SMA, collagen type I and Cytokeratin-3 (CK3). Growth kinetic study revealed that the growth rate was low at the initial passage but increase to about two folds with concomitant reduction in population doubling time in later passages. Freshly isolated and cultured keratocytes expressed collagen type 1, ALDH and lumican but α-SMA expression was absent. However, α-SMA was expressed along with the other genes during culture expansion. Keratocytes at P1 expressed all the proteins except CK3. These results suggest that cultured keratocytes maintained most of the gene expression profile of native keratocytes while the emergence of α-SMA in serial passages showed a mix population of various phenotypes. The phenotypic characterization of monolayer keratocytes provides useful information before reconstruction of bioengineered tissue or in vitro pharmaceutical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  2. Does bone marrow aspirate help enhance the integration of gamma irradiated allograft bone?
    Thong FY, Mansor A, Ramalingam S, Yusof N
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2020 Mar;21(1):107-117.
    PMID: 31894432 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09804-4
    Bone allografts donated by other individuals offer a viable alternative to autograft. Risks of disease transmission are overcome by sterilizing the bone; unfortunately sterilization methods generally affect bone functional properties including osteogenic potential and biomechanical integrity. This study aimed to determine any enhancement effect when gamma sterilised allografts was impregnated with autologous bone marrow in improving the rate and quality of integration in metaphyseal-tibial defects of rabbits. Almost all subjects showed 50% of the defect being covered by new bones by the third week and smaller residual defect size in the treated group at the fifth week. Hounsfield units at the defect site showed increasing healing in all samples, with the treated group having an apparent advantage although insignificant (p > 0.05). In the histopathological score evaluating healing over cortical and cancellous bone at the fracture site showed only slight variations between the groups (p > 0.05). Therefore no enhanced healing by the autologous bone marrow was observed when added to the bone allografts in treating the unicortical defects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  3. The effect of TGF-beta1 and beta-estradiol on glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen distribution in articular chondrocyte cultures
    Ab-Rahim S, Selvaratnam L, Kamarul T
    Cell Biol Int, 2008 Jul;32(7):841-7.
    PMID: 18479947 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2008.03.016
    Articular cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in regulating chondrocyte functions via cell-matrix interaction, cytoskeletal organization and integrin-mediated signaling. Factors such as interleukins, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) have been shown to modulate the synthesis of extracellular matrix in vitro. However, the effects of TGF-beta1 and beta-estradiol in ECM regulation require further investigation, although there have been suggestions that these factors do play a positive role. To establish the role of these factors on chondrocytes derived from articular joints, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of TGF-beta1 and beta-estradiol on glycosaminoglycan secretion and type II collagen distribution (two major component of cartilage ECM in vivo). Thus, chondrocyte cultures initiated from rabbit articular cartilage were treated with 10ng/ml of TGF-beta1, 10nM of beta-estradiol or with a combination of both factors. Sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and type II collagen levels were then measured in both these culture systems. The results revealed that the synthesis of GAG and type II collagen was shown to be enhanced in the TGF-beta1 treated cultures. This increase was also noted when TGF-beta1 and beta-estradiol were both used as culture supplements. However, beta-estradiol alone did not appear to affect GAG or type II collagen deposition. There was also no difference between the amount of collagen type II and GAG being expressed when chondrocyte cultures were treated with TGF-beta1 when compared with cultures treated with combined factors. From this, we conclude that although TGF-beta1 appears to stimulate chondrocyte ECM synthesis, beta-estradiol fails to produce similar effects. The findings of this study confirm that contrary to previous claims, beta-estradiol has little or no effect on chondrocyte ECM synthesis. Furthermore, the use of TGF-beta1 may be useful in future studies looking into biological mechanisms by which ECM synthesis in chondrocyte cultures can be augmented, particularly for clinical application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  4. Stomach-site specific drug delivery system of clarithromycin for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
    Rajinikanth PS, Mishra B
    Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2009 Oct;57(10):1068-75.
    PMID: 19801860
    Gellan gum based floating beads containing clarithromycin (FBC) were prepared by iontotropic gelation method for stomach-specific drug delivery against Helicobacter pylori. The scanning electron microscope photograph indicated that prepared beads were spherical in shape with rough outer surface. Formulation variables such as concentrations of gellan, calcium carbonate and drug loading influenced the in vitro drug release characteristics of prepared beads. In vitro release rate of clarithromycin was corrected using first order degradation rate constant which is degraded significantly during the release study in simulated gastric fluid pH 2.0. Further, the absence of interactions between drug and polymer was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Kinetic treatment of the in vitro drug release data with different kinetic equations revealed matrix diffusion mechanism. Prepared beads showed good anti-microbial activity against isolated H. pylori strain. The prepared beads have shown good in vivo floating efficiency in rabbit stomach. The stability studies of beads did not show any significant changes after storage of beads at 40 degrees C/75% relative humidity for 6 months. The preliminary results from this study suggest that floating beads of gellan can be used to incorporate antibiotics like clarithromycin and may be effective when administered locally in the stomach against H. pylori.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  5. Effects of Fuller's Earth and activated charcoal on oral absorption of paraquat in rabbits
    Idid SZ, Lee CY
    Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 1996 Aug;23(8):679-81.
    PMID: 8886489
    1. Thirty male rabbits of local strain (weighing 1.5-2 kg) were divided into five groups. Four groups were treated with an oral dose of paraquat, which was followed by either Fuller's Earth or activated charcoal 0.5 or 2.0 h later. The remaining group acted as the control group and was treated only with an oral dose of paraquat. The dose of paraquat was 20.0 mg/kg given in a concentration of 20.0 mg/mL. 2. Both adsorbents were administered in 15 mL normal saline as a 30% slurry. Blood was sampled from the ear vein 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24h after the administration of paraquat. 3. Paraquat concentration was determined spectophotometrically at 600 nm by comparing against a standard curve of paraquat obtained by the addition of standard paraquat into normal rabbit serum and extracting interfering substances with ether. 4. The results of the present study show that either adsorbent can bring down the serum paraquat level. There was no significant difference found in the effectiveness of either adsorbent. 5. It is concluded that the administration of an adsorbent as early as possible will help in the reduction of paraquat absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. 6. Activated charcoal is still effective in lowering serum paraquat concentration when given more than 1 h after ingestion of paraquat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  6. EPA-coated titanium implants promote osteoconduction in white New Zealand rabbits
    Mustafa A, Lung CY, Mustafa NS, Mustafa BA, Kashmoola MA, Zwahlen RA, et al.
    Clin Oral Implants Res, 2016 Mar;27(3):303-9.
    PMID: 25393376 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12525
    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-coated Ti implants on osteoconduction in white New Zealand rabbit mandibles.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sandblasted and cleansed planar titanium specimens with a size of 5 × 5 × 1 mm were coated on one side with 0.25 vol% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The other side of the specimens was kept highly polished (the control side). These specimens were inserted in rabbit mandibles. Twelve rabbits were randomly assigned into three study groups (n = 4). The rabbits were sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The harvested specimens with the implants were assessed for new bone formation on both sides of the implant using CBCT, conventional radiographs, and the biaxial pullout test. The results were statistically analyzed by a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Friedman's test as multiple comparisons and by Brunner-Langer nonparametric mixed model approach (R Software).

    RESULTS: A significant osteoconductive bone formation was found on the EPA-coated Ti implant surface (P < 0.05) at 8 weeks when compared to the polished surface (control). Biaxial pullout test results showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) after 8 and 12 weeks with a maximum force of 243.8 N, compared to 143.25 N after 4 week.

    CONCLUSION: EPA implant coating promoted osteoconduction on the Ti implant surfaces, enhancing the anchorage of the implant to the surrounding bone in white New Zealand rabbits.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  7. Feasibility of Percutaneous Posterolateral Spinal Fusion With Recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2): A Comparison With Standard Methods Using an Animal Model Study
    Chan CY, Kwan MK, Saw LB, Paisal H
    Clin Spine Surg, 2017 03;30(2):E138-E147.
    PMID: 28207623 DOI: 10.1097/BSD.0b013e3182aa6860
    BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The clinical application of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein in spinal surgery has been shown to be safe and effective. However, its use in minimally invasive spine surgery has been limited to anterior interbody fusion procedures. To date, no study has evaluated the feasibility of percutaneous posterolateral fusion in the spine utilizing recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).

    PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of percutaneous posterolateral fusion in the spine utilizing rhBMP-2.

    STUDY DESIGN: Animal study.

    METHODS: This is an animal research model involving 32 New Zealand white rabbits stratified into 4 study groups: control, autogenous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG), demineralized bone matrix (DBM), and rhBMP-2 groups, with 8 study subjects per group. The rhBMP-2 group was subdivided into the open technique (right side) and the percutaneous technique groups (left side). Fusion was graded at 6 weeks and 3 months after plain radiography, computed tomography, and clinical assessment with the following grading system: grade A, no bone formation; grade B, non-bridging bone formation; grade C, fusion; and grade D, fusion with ectopic bone formation.

    RESULTS: No fusion was noted in the placebo and the DBM groups. However, in the DBM group, bone formation occurred in 37.5% of the subjects. The rhBMP-2 group had a higher fusion rate compared with the ICBG group at 6 weeks and 3 months. The fusion rate for the ICBG, the rhBMP-2 (open), and the rhBMP-2 (percutaneous) groups were 37.5%, 87.5%, and 50.0% at 6 weeks and 50.0%, 100.0%, and 62.5% at 3 months, respectively. Ectopic bone formation occurred in 12.5% of the cases in the rhBMP-2 (percutaneous) group and in 25.0% of the cases in the rhBMP-2 (open) group.

    CONCLUSIONS: Usage of rhBMP-2 is feasible for percutaneous posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine in this animal model. However, a more precise delivery system might improve the fusion rate when the percutaneous technique is used. A significant rate of ectopic bone formation occurred when rhBMP-2 was used.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  8. Stomach specific polymeric low density microballoons as a vector for extended delivery of rabeprazole and amoxicillin for treatment of peptic ulcer
    Choudhary S, Jain A, Amin MCIM, Mishra V, Agrawal GP, Kesharwani P
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2016 May 01;141:268-277.
    PMID: 26859118 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.048
    The study was intended to develop a new intra-gastric floating in situ microballoons system for controlled delivery of rabeprazole sodium and amoxicillin trihydrate for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Eudragit S-100 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose based low density microballoons systems were fabricated by employing varying concentrations of Eudragit S-100 and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, to which varying concentrations of drug was added, and formulated by stirring at various speed and time to optimize the process and formulation variable. The formulation variables like concentration and ratio of polymers significantly affected the in vitro drug release from the prepared floating device. The validation of the gastro-retentive potential of the prepared microballoons was carried out in rabbits by orally administration of microballoons formulation containing radio opaque material. The developed formulations showed improved buoyancy and lower ulcer index as compared to that seen with plain drugs. Ulcer protective efficacies were confirmed in ulcer-bearing mouse model. In conclusion, greater compatibility, higher gastro-retention and higher anti-ulcer activity of the presently fabricated formulations to improve potential of formulation for redefining ulcer treatment are presented here. These learning exposed a targeted and sustained drug delivery potential of prepared microballoons in gastric region for ulcer therapeutic intervention as corroborated by in vitro and in vivo findings and, thus, deserves further attention for improved ulcer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  9. Comparative study of the enzymatic, hemorrhagic, procoagulant and anticoagulant activities of some animal venoms
    Tan NH, Ponnudurai G
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1992 Oct;103(2):299-302.
    PMID: 1360387
    1. The enzymatic, hemorrhagic, procoagulant and anticoagulant activities of venoms of some animals including snakes, lizards, toads, scorpions, spider, wasps, bees and ants were compared. 2. Snake venom was the richest source of enzymes among the animal venoms. Most other animal venoms were devoid of phosphodiesterase, L-amino acid oxidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and acetylcholinesterase activities and only a few exhibited arginine ester hydrolase activity. These venoms, however, exhibited wide ranges of protease, 5'-nucleotidase and hyaluronidase activities. Most of the animal venoms examined exhibited some phospholipase A activity. 3. Other than snake venoms, only venoms of the toad Bufo calamita and the lizards were hemorrhagic, and only venoms of the social wasps, social bees and harvester ant exhibited strong anticoagulant activity. Procoagulant activity occurs only in snake venoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  10. Haemolytic, oedema and haemorrhage inducing activities of tentacular extract of the blubber jellyfish (Catostylus mosaicus)
    Azila N, Siao FK, Othman I
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1991;99(1-2):153-6.
    PMID: 1675964
    1. An extract prepared from the tentacle of the jellyfish (CE), Catostylus mosaicus exhibited haemolytic, oedema and haemorrhage-inducing activities. 2. Acetone treatment of the tentacle extract produced an acetone soluble extract (AE) which showed an increase in specific haemolytic and haemorrhagic activities by 25- and 120-fold respectively; the minimum oedema dose was reduced by 30-fold. 3. The AE caused a rapid onset of oedema in the mouse foot pad. The effect was long-lasting, reaching a maximum in about 30 min after injection and sustained up to 4 hr. 4. Fractionation of the AE on Q-Sepharose gave 4 bound fractions which induced oedema and haemorrhage; however only 3 of the fractions exhibited haemolytic activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  11. A comparative study of the biological activities of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) venoms
    Tan NH, Ponnudurai G
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol, 1991;98(2-3):455-61.
    PMID: 1676959
    1. The hemorrhagic, procoagulant, anticoagulant, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, phosphodiesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, 5'-nucleotidase, hyaluronidase, phospholipase A and L-amino acid oxidase activities of 50 venom samples from 20 taxa of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus) were examined. 2. The results show that notwithstanding individual variations in the biological activities of Crotalus venoms and the wide ranges of certain biological activities observed, there are some common characteristics at the genus and species levels. 3. The differences in biological activities of the venoms compared can be used for differentiation of the species. Particularly useful for this purpose are the thrombin-like enzyme, protease, arginine ester hydrolase, hemorrhagic and phospholipase A activities and kaolin-cephalin clotting time measurements.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  12. Isolation and characterization of the thrombin-like enzyme from Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus venom
    Tan NH
    Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2010 Jan;151(1):131-6.
    PMID: 19770070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.09.002
    A thrombin-like enzyme, purpurase, was purified from the Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus (mangrove pit viper) venom using high performance ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The purified sample (termed purpurase) yielded a homogeneous band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 35,000. The N-terminal sequence of purpurase was determined to be VVGGDECNINDHRSLVRIF and is homologous to many other venom thrombin-like enzymes. Purpurase exhibits both arginine ester hydrolase and amidase activities. Kinetic studies using tripeptide chromogenic anilide substrates showed that purpurase is not fastidious towards its substrate. The clotting times of fibrinogen by purpurase were concentration dependent, with optimum clotting activity at 3mg fibronogen/mL. The clotting activity by purpurase was in the following decreasing order: cat fibrinogen>human fibrinogen>dog fibrinogen>goat fibrinogen>rabbit fibrinogen. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis of the products of action of purpurase on bovine fibrinogen showed that only fibrinopeptide A was released. Indirect ELISA studies showed that anti-purpurase cross-reacted strongly with venoms of most crotalid venoms, indicating the snake venom thrombin-like enzymes generally possess similar epitopes. In the more specific double-sandwich ELISA, however, anti-purpurase cross-reacted only with venoms of certain species of the Trimeresurus complex, and the results support the recent proposed taxonomy changes concerning the Trimeresurus complex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  13. Fulltext Epizootology and experimental infection of Yokose virus in bats
    Watanabe S, Omatsu T, Miranda ME, Masangkay JS, Ueda N, Endo M, et al.
    Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2010 Jan;33(1):25-36.
    PMID: 18789527 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.008
    To reveal whether bats serve as an amplifying host for Yokose virus (YOKV), we conducted a serological survey and experimentally infected fruit bats with YOKV isolated from microbats in Japan. YOKV belongs to the Entebbe bat virus group of vector unknown group within the genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. To detect antibodies against YOKV, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using biotinylated anti-bat IgG rabbit sera. Serological surveillance was conducted with samples collected in the Philippines and the sera supplied from Malaysia. One of the 36 samples from the Philippines (2.7%) and 5 of the 26 samples from Malaysia (19%) had detectable ELISA antibodies. In the experimental infections, no clinical signs of disease were observed. Moreover, no significant viral genome amplification was detected. These findings revealed that YOKV replicates poorly in the fruit bat, suggesting that fruit bats do not seem to serve as an amplifying host for YOKV.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  14. Understanding the retina: a review of computational models of the retina from the single cell to the network level
    Guo T, Tsai D, Bai S, Morley JW, Suaning GJ, Lovell NH, et al.
    Crit Rev Biomed Eng, 2014;42(5):419-36.
    PMID: 25745804
    The vertebrate retina is a clearly organized signal-processing system. It contains more than 60 different types of neurons, arranged in three distinct neural layers. Each cell type is believed to serve unique role(s) in encoding visual information. While we now have a relatively good understanding of the constituent cell types in the retina and some general ideas of their connectivity, with few exceptions, how the retinal circuitry performs computation remains poorly understood. Computational modeling has been commonly used to study the retina from the single cell to the network level. In this article, we begin by reviewing retinal modeling strategies and existing models. We then discuss in detail the significance and limitations of these models, and finally, we provide suggestions for the future development of retinal neural modeling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  15. Media composition to revive leptospires stored at -80 °C
    Philip N, Neela VK
    Cryobiology, 2022 Dec;109:89-93.
    PMID: 36179819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.09.007
    Leptospires are preserved by frequent sub-culturing in semisolid media due to the challenge of low recovery by freezing or liquid nitrogen methods. The present study evaluated three liquid EMJH medium compositions (Medium A: Leptospira medium base EMJH, Leptospira enrichment EMJH, 5-fluorouracil (3%), rabbit serum (1%) and calf serum (1%); Medium B: same as Medium A but without 5-fluorouracil; Medium C: same as Medium B but with the addition of sodium pyruvate) for the revival of leptospires after storage at -80 °C. A total of 18 Leptospira serovars cultured in Medium A was aliquoted into cryogenic vials and directly stored at -80 °C. A hundred microlitre from each serovar culture stored at -80 °C was sub-cultured on a selected time over a period of 30 months into Media A, B and C. Regrowth on Media B and C showed a better and faster recovery (89-100%) (p-value <0.05) compared to Medium A (67-100%). Leptospires can be stored longer at -80 °C and a good recovery could be obtained when sub-cultured on EMJH medium without 5-fluorouracil.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  16. Comparison of Clinical Results and Pathological Examinations Between Locally Synthesized Bone-derived Hydroxyapatite and Medpor® Orbital Implants in Animal Models
    Roslinah M, Wan Hitam WH, Md Salleh MS, Abdul Hamid SS, Shatriah I
    Cureus, 2019 Jan 25;11(1):e3954.
    PMID: 30956907 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3954
    We aimed to compare clinical and pathological reactions towards locally synthesized bovine bone derived from hydroxyapatite (bone docosahexaenoic acid (dHA)) and commercially available porous polyethylene (Medpor®, Porex Surgical Incorporation, Georgia, USA) orbital implants in animal models. An experimental study was performed on 14 New Zealand white rabbits. Group A (n=7) was implanted with bovine bone dHA and group B (n=7) was implanted with Medpor®. Clinical examinations were performed on Days 1, 7, 14, 28, and 42 post-implantation. The implanted eyes were enucleated on Day 42 and were sent for pathological evaluation. Serial clinical examinations included urine color and odor; feeding and physical activity demonstrated normal wellbeing in all the subjects. Localized minimal infection was observed in both groups during the first two weeks following implantation, and the subjects responded well to topical moxifloxacin. Both groups exhibited evidence of wound breakdown. No signs of implant migration or extrusion were observed in either group. The histopathological examination revealed no statistically significant difference in inflammatory cell reactions and fibrovascular tissue maturation between both types of implants. However, all (100%) of the bovine bone dHA implants displayed complete fibrovascular ingrowth compared to Medpor® implants (57.1%) at six weeks post-implantation (p=0.001). In conclusion, bovine bone dHA and Medpor® orbital implants were well-tolerated clinically and displayed similar inflammatory reactions and fibrovascular tissue maturation. Locally synthesized bovine bone dHA orbital implants displayed significantly greater complete fibrovascular ingrowth in comparison with Medpor® implants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  17. Fulltext Clinical and Antibacterial Effects of Tualang Honey on Pseudomonas-induced Keratitis in Rabbit Eyes
    Punitan R, Sulaiman SA, Hasan HB, Shatriah I
    Cureus, 2019 Mar 27;11(3):e4332.
    PMID: 31186997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4332
    Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of microbial keratitis that can cause a significant loss of visual acuity. Antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides, are clinically effective against Pseudomonas-induced keratitis, but their effectiveness has been conspicuously reduced as resistant pathogens have become more potent. This study sought to evaluate the clinical and antibacterial effects of tualang honey as an alternative therapeutic agent against Pseudomonas-induced keratitis. Methods We conducted a randomized control trial in which 30 rabbits were injected intrastromally with 1,000 colony-forming units (CFU) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the right eye of each rabbit (n = 30). The rabbits were then randomized into three groups of 10 rabbits each. Group A was treated with topical gentamicin 0.3%, group B was treated with topical tualang honey 30%, and group C received both treatments. The specified treatments were administered every two hours from 24 to 48 hours post injection, and subsequently every four hours for six days. Clinical examinations were performed on days one, two, three, five, and seven, and the mean results of slit lamp examinations (SLEs) were documented. On day seven after pseudomonas induction, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were harvested to determine the median CFU per cornea. Results There were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in mean SLE scores (p = 0.209) or median CFU values (p = 0.820) between the three groups. Conclusion Topical gentamicin, topical tualang honey, and the combination of the two all showed similar clinical and antimicrobial effects in treating Pseudomonas-induced keratitis in rabbits. These findings should be verified in further studies with larger sample sizes and the addition of a control group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  18. Fulltext Rabbit as an Animal Model for Pharmacokinetics Studies of Enteric Capsule Contains Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles
    Kumar PV, Maki MAA, Wei YS, Tatt LM, Elumalai M, Cheah SC, et al.
    Curr Clin Pharmacol, 2019;14(2):132-140.
    PMID: 30457053 DOI: 10.2174/1574884714666181120103907
    BACKGROUND: Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) has gained considerable attention by researchers as epithelial cells proliferating agent. Moreover, intravenous truncated rHuKGF (palifermin) has been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat and prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and small intestine ulceration. The labile structure and short circulation time of rHuKGF in-vivo are the main obstacles that reduce the oral bioactivity and dosage of such proteins at the target site.

    OBJECTIVE: Formulation of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer-coated capsules filled with chitosan nanoparticles loaded with rHuKGF for oral delivery.

    METHODS: We report on chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) with diameter < 200 nm, prepared by ionic gelation, loaded with rHuKGF and filled in methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymercoated capsules for oral delivery. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined based on the serum levels of rHuKGF, following a single intravenous (IV) or oral dosages using a rabbit model. Furthermore, fluorescent microscope imaging was conducted to investigate the cellular uptake of the rhodamine-labelled rHuKGF-loaded nanoparticles. The proliferation effect of the formulation on FHs 74 Int cells was studied as well by MTT assay.

    RESULTS: The mucoadhesive and absorption enhancement properties of chitosan and the protective effect of methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer against rHuKGF release at the stomach, low pH, were combined to promote and ensure rHuKGF intestinal delivery and increase serum levels of rHuKGF. In addition, in-vitro studies revealed the protein bioactivity since rHuKGFloaded CNPs significantly increased the proliferation of FHs 74 Int cells.

    CONCLUSION: The study revealed that oral administration of rHuKGF-loaded CNPs in methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer-coated capsules is practically alternative to the IV administration since the absolute bioavailability of the orally administered rHuKGF-loaded CNPs, using the rabbit as animal model, was 69%. Fluorescent microscope imaging revealed that rhodaminelabelled rHuKGF-loaded CNPs were taken up by FHs 74 Int cells, after 6 hours' incubation time, followed by increase in the proliferation rate.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits/physiology*
  19. Permeation Studies of Captopril Transdermal Films Through Human Cadaver Skin
    Nair RS, Nair S
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2015;12(5):517-23.
    PMID: 25675336
    Mortality rate due to heart diseases increases dramatically with age. Captopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) used effectively for the management of hypertension. Due to short elimination half-life of captopril the oral dose is very high. Captopril is prone to oxidation and it has been reported that the oxidation rate of captopril in skin tissues is considerably low when compared to intestinal tissues. All these factors make captopril an ideal drug candidate for transdermal delivery. In this research work an effort was made to formulate transdermal films of captopril by utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as film formers and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) as a plasticizer. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were used as permeation enhancers. Physicochemical parameters of the films such as appearance, thickness, weight variation and drug content were evaluated. The invitro permeation studies were carried out through excised human cadaver skin using Franz diffusion cells. The in-vitro permeation studies demonstrated that the film (P4) having the polymer ratio (PVP:PVA = 80:20) with DMSO (10%) resulted a promising drug release of 79.58% at 24 hours with a flux of 70.0 µg/cm(2)/hr. No signs of erythema or oedema were observed on the rabbit skin as a result of skin irritation study by Draize test. Based on the stability report it was confirmed that the films were physically and chemically stable, hence the prepared films are very well suited for transdermal application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
  20. Fulltext Gelam honey promotes ex vivo corneal fibroblasts wound healing
    Md Yusof A, Abd Ghafar N, Kamarudin TA, Chua KH, Azmi MF, Ng SL, et al.
    Cytotechnology, 2019 Dec;71(6):1121-1135.
    PMID: 31606844 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00349-8
    This study evaluated the effects of Gelam honey (GH) on ex vivo corneal fibroblast ulcer model via wound healing assay, gene expression and immunocytochemistry. Corneal fibroblasts from New Zealand white rabbits were culture expanded. The corneal fibroblast wound healing capacity was observed by creating a circular wound onto confluent monolayer cells cultured in basal medium (BM), BM with GH, serum-enriched basal medium (BMS) and BMS with GH respectively. Wound healing assay and phenotypic characterization of the corneal fibroblast were performed at different stages of wound closure. Expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), lumican, collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP 12) were measured at day 1, day 3 and complete wound closure day. Corneal fibroblast cultured in BMS with GH demonstrated the fastest wound closure, at day 5 post wounding. The gene expressions of ALDH and vimentin were higher than control groups while α-SMA expression was lower, in GH enriched media. The expressions of lumican, collagen I and MMP 12 were also higher in cells cultured in GH enriched media compared to the control groups. GH was shown to promote in vitro corneal fibroblast wound healing and may be a potential natural adjunct in the treatment of corneal wound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rabbits
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