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Antimicrobial activities and toxicity of crude extract of the Psophocarpus tetragonolobus pods

Latha LY, Sasidharan S, Zuraini Z, Suryani S, Shirley L, Sangetha S, et al.

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2006 Aug 28;4(1):59-63.
PMID: 20162073

The extract of the Psophocarpus tetragonolobus pods has been tested for antimicrobial activity in a disk diffusion assay on eight human pathogenic bacteria and two human pathogenic yeasts. The extracts of P. tetragonolobus possessed antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. The ethanolic extract of P. tetragonolobus pods was further tested for in vivo brine shrimp lethality test and in vitro sheep erythrocyte cytotoxic assay. The brine shrimp lethality test exhibited no significant toxicity (LC(50)=1.88 mg/ml) against Artemia salina, whereas sheep erythrocyte test showed significant toxicity. The reason for haemolysis of erythrocyte was discussed. The P. tetragonolobus extract with high LC(50) value signified that this plant is not toxic to human. This result also suggested that the ethanolic extract of P. tetragonolobus pods is potential source for novel antimicrobial compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Fulltext Isolation and detection of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in the reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes of non-pregnant does experimentally inoculated through intradermal route in chronic form

Latif NA, Abdullah FF, Othman AM, Rina A, Chung EL, Zamri-Saad M, et al.

Vet World, 2015 Jul;8(7):924-7.
PMID: 27047177 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.924-927

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is the etiological agent of caseous lymphadenitis that affects sheep and goats. This study was designed to determine the presence of the causative organism in the female reproductive organs and associated lymph nodes in non-pregnant does experimentally inoculated through intradermal route in the chronic form.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Fulltext In vitro larvicidal effects of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa Linn. on Haemonchus larval stage

Nasai NB, Abba Y, Abdullah FF, Marimuthu M, Tijjani A, Sadiq MA, et al.

Vet World, 2016 Apr;9(4):417-20.
PMID: 27182139 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.417-420

Gastrointestinal helminthosis is a global problem in small ruminant production. Most parasites have developed resistance to commonly available anthelminthic compounds, and there is currently an increasing need for new compounds with more efficacies. This study evaluated the in vitro effects of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa (EECL) as a biological nematicide against third stage Haemonchus larvae (L3) isolated from sheep.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Study on the use of toltrazuril to eliminate Neospora caninum in congenitally infected lambs born from experimentally infected ewes

Syed-Hussain SS, Howe L, Pomroy WE, West DM, Hardcastle M, Williamson NB

Vet Parasitol, 2015 Jun 15;210(3-4):141-4.
PMID: 25935293 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.03.019

To determine if toltrazuril was effective in eliminating Neospora caninum infection from congenitally infected lambs. Twenty-eight ewes were allocated to 3 groups where animals in Groups A and B were inoculated with 1 × 10(7)N. caninum tachyzoites on Day 120 of gestation and Group C was maintained as a negative control group. Lambs born from ewes in Group A were treated with toltrazuril (20mg/kg) on Days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after birth. Lambs in Groups B and C were untreated. All lambs in Groups A and B were seropositive at 12 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, no differences between lambs in Group A and Group B were observed in serological results (ELISA and western blot), presence of N. caninum-related brain histopathological lesions or the number of organisms detected by qPCR. Group C remained negative for serology, detection of N. caninum DNA as well as histopathology throughout the study. Results indicate that N. caninum congenitally-infected lambs had a continuing infection with N. caninum despite being treated with toltrazuril.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep; Sheep Diseases/drug therapy*; Sheep Diseases/transmission
Fulltext Nematophagous fungi as a biological control agent for nematode parasites of small ruminants in Malaysia: a special emphasis on Duddingtonia flagrans

Chandrawathani P, Jamnah O, Waller PJ, Höglund J, Larsen M, Zahari WM

Vet Res, 2002 Nov-Dec;33(6):685-96.
PMID: 12498569

Approximately 2,800 fresh dung samples from animals, mainly ruminant livestock, were screened for the presence of nematophagous fungi in Malaysia. Arthrobotrys spp. was noted on numerous occasions, but only one isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans was made. For the purposes of producing sufficient quantities of this fungus for feeding trials in sheep, various, commonly available, cheap plant materials were tested as possible growth substrates. This showed that cereal grains (wheat, millet and rice) were the best media for fungal growth. Pen feeding trials were carried out using sheep, both naturally and experimentally infected with nematode parasites (predominantely Haemonchus contortus), to test the efficiency of D. flagrans when administered either in a grain supplement, or incorporated into a feed block. These showed that the fungus survived gut passage in sheep and that dose rates of approximately 1 x 10(6) D. flagrans spores / animal / day, reduced the percentage of infective larvae developing in faecal cultures by more than 90%. These results indicate that using D. flagrans as a biological control agent of nematode parasites, is a promising alternative to nematode parasite control of small ruminants in Malaysia, where anthelmintic resistance is now a major problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep; Sheep Diseases/parasitology; Sheep Diseases/prevention & control*
Anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Malaysia

Pandey VS, Sivaraj S

Vet Parasitol, 1994 May;53(1-2):67-74.
PMID: 8091619

Albendazole, oxfendazole, fenbendazole, levamisole, closantel, ivermectin and febantel were administered to sheep on four farms and their efficacy assessed by faecal egg count reduction test. High level of resistance of Haemonchus contortus was found to benzimidazoles (albendazole, oxfendazole, fenbendazole) on all farms and to febantel on the one farm where it was tested. No resistance to closantel and levamisole was observed. Resistance to ivermectin was absent on the three farms examined under this study, but has been reported on the fourth farm in earlier work. It is concluded that anthelmintic resistance to benzimidazoles and the probenzimidazole, febantel, is a serious and widespread problem in H. contortus in sheep in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep; Sheep Diseases/drug therapy*; Sheep Diseases/parasitology
Neurological disorders in sheep during signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity

Abdullah AS, Noordin MM, Rajion MA

Vet Hum Toxicol, 1989 Apr;31(2):128-9.
PMID: 2929118

Severe neurological dysfunction was observed in sheep 4 weeks after grazing on Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens). These neurological disorders included the stamping of forelegs, star-gazing, incoordination, head-pressing against the fence and circling movements. Histologically, numerous vacuolations of various sizes were observed in the white matter of the brain giving rise to a spongy appearance.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep; Sheep Diseases/etiology*; Sheep Diseases/pathology
Field studies on the biological control of nematode parasites of sheep in the tropics, using the microfungus Duddingtonia flagrans

Chandrawathani P, Jamnah O, Adnan M, Waller PJ, Larsen M, Gillespie AT

Vet Parasitol, 2004 Mar 25;120(3):177-87.
PMID: 15041093

Long-term field studies were conducted on two government managed small ruminant research farms, located in different geo-climatic regions and approximately 300 km separate from each other, on Peninsula Malaysia. The Infoternak trial (48 weeks) and the Chalok trial (43 weeks) each compared nematode parasite control in separately managed groups of young sheep, either short-term rotationally grazed around a suite of 10 paddocks in addition to receiving a daily supplement of Duddingtonia flagrans spores (Fungus Group); or similar groups of sheep being rotationally grazed alone (Control Group). The prevailing weather conditions at Infoternak farm were of below average rainfall conditions for the most of the trial. As a consequence, only very low worm infections (almost exclusively Haemonchus contortus) were acquired by the 17 sets of tracer lambs that grazed sequentially with the experimental lambs. However on all except 2 occasions in the early part of the trial, the mean tracer worm burdens were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the experimental lambs grew significantly better (P = 0.054) in the Fungus Group. Rainfall at Chalok farm during the course of the trial was also below average. As a consequence infectivity of pastures was assumed to be relatively low based on faecal egg counts (epg) of the experimental sheep, which following an anthelmintic treatment prior to allocation, remained very low in both treatment groups. Faecal egg counts of undosed replacement lambs in the latter half of the Chalok study, showed a progressive increase in the Control Group to levels exceeding 3000 epg, whereas the Fungus Group remained static at approximately 500 epg. These results show that the deployment of the nematophagous fungus, D. flagrans, can improve the level of parasite control of sheep in the tropics above that which can be achieved by the short-term rotational grazing strategy alone.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep; Sheep Diseases/parasitology*; Sheep Diseases/prevention & control
Fulltext Seroprevalence and Distribution of Leptospiral Serovars in Livestock (cattle, Goats, and Sheep) in Flood-prone Kelantan, Malaysia

Sabri Abdul Rahman M, Khairani Bejo S, Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Azri Roslan M

J Vet Res, 2021 Mar;65(1):53-58.
PMID: 33817395 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0003

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals, the occurrence of which increases markedly during and after heavy rainfall and flooding. The aim of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of leptospiral infection in livestock after a voluminous flood in 10 districts of the Malaysian state of Kelantan.
Material and Methods: In December 2014, Kelantan was hit by an extensive flood. A total of 1,728 serum samples were collected from livestock from the state, comprised of 1,024 from cattle, 366 from goats and 338 from sheep, and they were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
Results: Altogether, 203 (11.75%; 203/1728; 95% CI: 10.20%-13.30%) of the tested sera were found to be positive serologically. Cattle had the highest prevalence of 14.16% (145/1024), while goats and sheep had 11.20% (41/366) and 5.03% (17/338) respectively. The most frequent serovars detected were Hardjo-bovis (3.70%; 64/1728), Hebdomadis (2.08%; 36/1728) and Pomona (1.04%; 18/1728). There was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between livestock that were exposed to the flood and seropositivity.
Conclusion: This study showed that flood is a risk factor that can play a role in the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in livestock.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Stiffness and Anisotropy Effect on Shear Wave Elastography: A Phantom and in Vivo Renal Study

Leong SS, Wong JHD, Md Shah MN, Vijayananthan A, Jalalonmuhali M, Mohd Sharif NH, et al.

Ultrasound Med Biol, 2020 01;46(1):34-45.
PMID: 31594681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.011

Tissue elasticity is related to the pathologic state of kidneys and can be measured using shear wave elastography (SWE). However, SWE quantification has not been rigorously validated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SWE-measured stiffness and the effect of tissue anisotropy on SWE measurements. Point SWE (pSWE), 2-D SWE and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to measure stiffness and evaluate the effect of tissue anisotropy on the measurements. SWE and DMA were performed on phantoms of different gelatin concentrations. In the tissue anisotropy study, SWE and DMA were performed on the outer cortex of sheep kidneys. In the in vivo study, 15 patients with different levels of interstitial fibrosis were recruited for pSWE measurements. Another 10 healthy volunteers were recruited for tissue anisotropy studies. SWE imaging revealed a non-linear increase with gelatin concentration. There was a significant correlation between pSWE and 2-D SWE, leading to the establishment of a linear regression equation between the two SWE ultrasound measurements. In the anisotropy study, the median difference in stiffness between shear waves oriented at 0° and 90° towards the pyramid axis was significant. In the in vivo study, there was a strong positive linear correlation between pSWE and the percentage of interstitial fibrosis. There was a significant difference in the Young's modulus (YM) between severities of fibrosis. The mean YM values were lower in control patients than in patients with mild, moderate and severe fibrosis. YM values were also significantly higher when shear waves were oriented at 0° toward the pyramid axis. Tissue stiffness and anisotropy affects SWE measurements. These factors should be recognized before applying SWE for the interpretation of measured values.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Tissue-Engineered Hydroxyapatite Bone Scaffold Impregnated with Osteoprogenitor Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in Sheep Model

Bajuri MY, Selvanathan N, Dzeidee Schaff FN, Abdul Suki MH, Ng AMH

Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2021 06;18(3):377-385.
PMID: 34043210 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00343-2

BACKGROUND: Managing massive bone defects, a great challenge to orthopaedics reconstructive surgery. The problem arise is the supply of suitable bone is limited with many complications. Tissue-engineered hydroxyapatite bone (TEHB) scaffold impregnated with osteoprogenitor cells developed as an alternative to promote bone regeneration.
METHODS: This animal protocol has been approved by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Animal Ethical Committee. The TEHB scaffold prepared from hydroxyapatite using gel casting method. A total of six adolescent female sheep were chosen for this study. Later, all the sheep were euthanized in a proper manner and the bone harvested for biomechanical study. Bone marrow was collected from iliac crest of the sheep and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) isolated and cultured. BMSCs then cultured in osteogenic medium for osteoprogenitor cells development and the plasma collected was seeded with osteoprogenitor cells mixed with calcium chloride. Bone defect of 3 cm length of tibia bone created from each sheep leg and implanted with autologous and TEHB scaffold in 2 different groups of sheep. Wound site was monitored weekly until the wound completely healed and conventional X-ray performed at week 1 and 24. Shear test was conducted to determine the shear force on the autologous bone and TEHB scaffold after implantation for 24 weeks.
RESULTS: All of the sheep survived without any complications during the study period and radiograph showed new bone formation. Later, the bone harvested was for biomechanical study. The highest shear force for the autologous group was 13 MPa and the lowest was 5 MPa while for the scaffold group, the highest was 10 MPa and the lowest was 3 MPa. Although, proximal and distal interface of autologous bone graft shows higher shear strength compared to the TEHB scaffold but there is no significant difference in both groups, p value > 0.05. Histologically in both proximal and distal interface in both arms shows bone healing and woven bone formation.
CONCLUSION: TEHB scaffold impregnated with osteoprogenitor cells has the potential to be developed as a bone substitute in view of its strength and capability to promote bone regeneration.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
The first serological report for genotype C bovine parainfluenza 3 virus in ruminant species of mid-northen Turkey: Traces from the past

Yazici Z, Gumusova S, Tamer C, Muftuoglu B, Ozan E, Arslan S, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):803-809.
PMID: 33597501

Bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPI3V)is one of the most important respiratory pathogens and a leading cause of serious respiratory illnesses in cattle, both independent of and in connection with other pathogens involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). In this study, we aimed to identify the historical circulation of genotype C bovine BPI3V (BPI3Vc) in Turkey using the archival serum samples of domestic ruminants that had been collected from six provinces of northern Anatolia in Turkey between 2009-2010. A total of 896 sera from cattle (n=442), sheep (n=330), and goats (n=124) were randomly selected and screened with a virus neutralization test in order to detect antibodies for BPI3Vc. The overall seropositivity rate was 21.09%, with seropositivity rates for cattle, sheep, and goats of 21.04%, 20.00%, and 24.19%, respectively. Neutralizing antibody titers for selected samples ranged between 1/4 to 1/512. This study represents the first serological study conducted using the first BPI3V isolate of Turkey.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Sheep Diseases/virology
Fulltext Chromosome karyotype analysis of cultivate somatic cells of ganjia sheep

Liu Meng, Ding Gongtao, Roziah Bt. Kambol

Science Letters, 2016;10(1):8-10.
MyJurnal

Cytogenetics studies in domestic animal are
gaining importance because of their genetics and implication in
breeding programmes. The present study describes the
chromosome number and karyotypic characteristics of Ganjia
sheep and comparison between males and females breeds. We
adopt the method of cultivating somatic cells, and analyzed the
chromosome karyotype of the Ganjia sheep. The result
indicates the diploid chromosome of the Gangia sheep is 2n=54,
in which 26 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosome
were observed. Result indicates all autosomes are tip silk. The X
chromosome was acrocentric and largest except the first three
pairs that were metacentric. The Y chromosome was the
smallest, biarmed and probably metacentric chromosome.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Fulltext Review of clinical aspects, epidemiology and diagnosis of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis in small ruminants: current status and future perspectives in tropics focusing on Malaysia

Paul BT, Jesse FFA, Chung ELT, Che-Amat A, Mohd Lila MA, Hashi HA, et al.

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2020 Nov;52(6):2829-2844.
PMID: 32712811 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02357-9

Mycoplasma ovis (formerly Eperythrozoon ovis) is an epierythrocytic parasitic bacterium of small ruminants known as haemotropic mycoplasma, which is transmitted mechanically by biting flies and contaminated instruments. Acute mycoplasmosis causes severe haemolytic anaemia and mortality in young animals. At the same time, chronic disease may produce mild anaemia and varying degrees of morbidity depending on several factors, including age, reproductive status, the plane of nutrition, immunological status and the presence of concurrent infection. Haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis is currently recognised as an emerging zoonotic pathogen which is widely distributed in the sheep and goat producing areas of tropics and subtropics, where the disease is nearly endemic. Human infection has been reported in pregnant women, immunocompromised patients and people exposed to animals and arthropods. The current diagnosis of haemoplasma relies on microscopic evaluation of Giemsa-stained blood smear and PCR. Although there are few published reports on the incidence of haemotropic Mycoplasma ovis infection of small ruminants in Malaysia, information on its prevalence, risk factors, severity and economic impacts is grossly inadequate. Therefore, a large-scale survey of small ruminant flocks is necessary to elucidate the current seroprevalence status and molecular characteristics of haemotropic M. ovis infection in Malaysia using ELISA and PCR sequencing technologies. In the future, surveillance programs, including vector forecast, quarantine, monitoring by periodic surveys and public enlightenment, will limit the internal and transboundary spread of M. ovis, enhance control efforts and mitigate production losses in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Fulltext Gene coexpression network analysis reveals perirenal adipose tissue as an important target of prenatal malnutrition in sheep

Ahmad S, Drag MH, Mohamad Salleh S, Cai Z, Nielsen MO

Physiol Genomics, 2023 Sep 01;55(9):392-413.
PMID: 37458462 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2022

We have previously demonstrated that pre- and early postnatal malnutrition in sheep induced depot- and sex-specific changes in adipose morphological features, metabolic outcomes, and transcriptome in adulthood, with perirenal (PER) as the major target followed by subcutaneous (SUB) adipose tissue. We aimed to identify coexpressed and hub genes in SUB and PER to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the early nutritional programming of adipose-related phenotypic outcomes. Transcriptomes of SUB and PER of male and female adult sheep with different pre- and early postnatal nutrition histories were used to construct networks of coexpressed genes likely to be functionally associated with pre- and early postnatal nutrition histories and phenotypic traits using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The modules from PER showed enrichment of cell cycle regulation, gene expression, transmembrane transport, and metabolic processes associated with both sexes' prenatal nutrition. In SUB (only males), a module of enriched adenosine diphosphate metabolism and development correlated with prenatal nutrition. Sex-specific module enrichments were found in PER, such as chromatin modification in the male network but histone modification and mitochondria- and oxidative phosphorylation-related functions in the female network. These sex-specific modules correlated with prenatal nutrition and adipocyte size distribution patterns. Our results point to PER as a primary target of prenatal malnutrition compared to SUB, which played only a minor role. The prenatal programming of gene expression and cell cycle, potentially through epigenetic modifications, might be underlying mechanisms responsible for observed changes in PER expandability and adipocyte-size distribution patterns in adulthood in both sexes.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Fulltext A scoping review on the use of different blood sources and components in the artificial membrane feeding system and its effects on blood-feeding and fecundity rate of Aedes aegypti

Suresh Y, Azil AH, Abdullah SR

PLoS One, 2024;19(1):e0295961.
PMID: 38252615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295961

In some laboratories, mosquitoes' direct blood-feeding on live animals has been replaced with various membrane blood-feeding systems. The selection of blood meal sources used in membrane feeding is crucial in vector mass rearing as it influences the mosquitoes' development and reproductive fitness. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on the use of different blood sources and components in artificial membrane feeding systems and their effects on blood-feeding and the fecundity rate of Ae. aegypti. A literature review search was conducted by using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR). The EndNote version 20 software was used to import all searched articles. Relevant information was retrieved for analysis into a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. A total of 104 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility criteria, whereby the articles should include the comparison between different types of blood source by using the membrane feeding systems. Only 16 articles were finally included in the analysis. Several studies had reported that human blood was superior in blood-feeding Ae. aegypti as compared to sheep blood which resulted in lower fecundity due to accumulation of free fatty acids (FFA) in the cuticles. In contrast, cattle whole blood and pig whole blood showed no significant differences in the blood-feeding and fecundity rate as compared to human blood. This review also indicated that bovine whole blood and pig whole blood enhanced Ae. aegypti's vitellogenesis and egg production as compared to plasma and blood cells. In addition, human blood of up to 10 days after the expiration date could still be used to establish Ae. aegypti colonies with good blood-feeding rates and number of eggs produced. Thus, future studies must consider the importance of selecting suitable blood sources and components for membrane blood feeding especially in mosquito colonisation and control measure studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep
Isolation of multiple serotypes of bluetongue virus from sentinel livestock in Malaysia

Sharifah SH, Ali MA, Gard GP, Polkinghorne IG

Trop Anim Health Prod, 1995 Feb;27(1):37-42.
PMID: 7770950

Sixteen isolations of bluetongue virus (BTV) were made from the heparinised bloods of 4 groups of cattle and sheep in Peninsular Malaysia. These viruses were typed as BTV serotypes 1, 2, 3, 9, 16 and 23. Multiple serotypes of BTV are apparently endemic in Malaysia and in other countries in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep/virology*
Isozyme and morphological characteristics of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces mae isolated from the duodenum, rumen and faeces of sheep

Wong MV, Ho YW, Tan SG, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S

FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1995 Dec 01;134(1):9-14.
PMID: 8593960

Isolates of anaerobic fungi obtained from the rumen, duodenum and faeces of sheep were identified as Piromyces mae based on their morphological characteristics observed using light microscopy. There was no significant morphological variation among the isolates of P. mae from the rumen, duodenum and faeces. Isozymes of 12 isolates of P. mae (one each from the rumen, duodenum and faeces from 4 different sheep) were analysed by PAGE. A total of 12 isozymes were studied and 5 isozyme loci were successfully typed. They were malic enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, shikimate dehydrogenase, alpha-esterase and beta-esterase. All the isolates of P. mae regardless of whether they were from the rumen, duodenum or faeces or from different animals produced very similar isozyme banding patterns for each of the enzyme systems. The similar isozyme profiles of the isolates indicate that they are of the same species although they exist in different regions of the alimentary tract.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep/microbiology*
Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) toxicity in sheep: changes in rumen microbial populations and volatile fatty acid concentrations

Abdullah AS, Rajion MA

Vet Hum Toxicol, 1990 Oct;32(5):444-5.
PMID: 2238442

Brachiaria decumbens toxicity resulted in an altered reticulorumen environment in the sheep. This adversely affected the growth and activity of microorganisms in the rumen as reflected by greatly decreased concentrations of the volatile fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) in B decumbens-intoxicated sheep.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep/physiology*
Thyroid regulation of body temperature in anaesthetized chickens

Lam SK, Harvey S

Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol, 1990;95(3):435-9.
PMID: 1970531

1. Anaesthesia caused marked decreases in the plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and in the body temperature of young fowl. 2. Exogenous T4 or a thyroid hormone secretagogue (somatostatin antiserum), increased endogenous T3 and T4 concentrations and body temperature in conscious birds and prevented the body temperature decline in anaesthetized fowl. 3. These results provide further evidence for a role of T3 and T4 in temperature regulation in birds, particularly during anaesthesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep/blood

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