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Fulltext Tenderness and cooking loss in meat of male dorper sheep weaned at different ages

Norhayati, Z., Wan Zahari, M., Shanmugavelu, S., Dzulfazly, A.

Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2019;31(1):43-44.
MyJurnal

This study was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of Dorper sheep weaned at different ages. 3 cuts of sirloin from 3 animals in each treatment groups were used in this study. 9 lambs were grouped into 3 different weaning groups (G1,G2, G3) of 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively. G3 was served as control group based on current practice. When the animals reached the age of 270 days, 3 out of 9 lambs from each of the treated groups were slaughtered for meat quality analysis. Results from this study shows no significant (P

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Effects of different levels of dietary sulfur and molybdenum on concentrations of copper and other elements in plasma and liver of lambs fed palm kernel cake diets

Alimon AR, Ivan M, Jalaludin S

Br J Nutr, 2011 Oct;106(8):1224-30.
PMID: 21492494 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511001462

A 6-month experiment with nine dietary treatments was conducted to determine amounts of S plus Mo supplements required to maintain normal hepatic concentrations of Cu and Mo and to prevent chronic Cu toxicity in lambs fed palm kernel cake (PKC) diets. All diets consisted of PKC supplemented with minerals and vitamins, and with appropriate amounts per kg DM of S (level 0 or level 1 = 1 g) as sodium sulfate and/or Mo (level 0; level 1 = 4 mg; level 2 = 8 mg; level 3 = 16 mg; level 4 = 32 mg) as ammonium molybdate to form treatments S0Mo1, S0Mo2, S0Mo3, S0Mo4, S1Mo0, S1Mo1, S1Mo2, S1Mo3 and S1Mo4.There was no effect (P>0·05) of dietary treatments on the growth performance of the lambs. The dietary supplement of 1 g S plus 8 mg Mo per kg dietary DM (treatment S1Mo2) prevented accumulation of Cu in the liver without elevation of the concentration of Mo (P>0·05). The treatments S0Mo1, S0Mo2 and S0Mo3 increased (P sheep fed diets containing any amount of PKC.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic/blood; Sheep, Domestic/metabolism*
The influence of feeding low and high level of Brachiaria decumbens diets on the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins of sheep

Muniandy KV, Chung ELT, Jaapar MS, Hamdan MHM, Reduan MFH, Salleh A, et al.

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2021 Jun 25;53(3):372.
PMID: 34173068 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02820-1

The present study aims to determine the hematology, serum biochemistry, and acute phase proteins (APPs) responses of both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in sheep fed with low and high levels of Brachiaria decumbens (B. decumbens) diets at different time phases. A total of 30 6-month-old male Dorper cross sheep were randomly divided into three treatment groups consisted of 10 sheep each. Treatment 1 (control) sheep were fed with Pennisetum purpureum and concentrates as the basal diet, whereas Treatments 2 and 3 sheep were fed with low (10%) and high (60%) level of B. decumbens, respectively. The hematology results revealed that there were significant differences (p

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Evidence of natural infections with Trypanosoma, Anaplasma and Babesia spp. in military livestock from Tunisia

Selmi R, Dhibi M, Ben Said M, Ben Yahia H, Abdelaali H, Ameur H, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):742-757.
PMID: 33597496

Livestock constitute habitual hosts and carriers for several infectious pathogens which may represent a serious public health concern affecting the readiness of military forces and lead to wide economic losses. The present report aimed to investigate the prevalence of some haemopathogens infecting military livestock, particularly, dromedaries, sheep and horses using Giemsa-stained blood smears. A total of 300 animals (100 from each species) were selected, clinically examined and sampled. Trypanosoma spp. (22.0%), Anaplasma spp. (17.0%) and Babesia spp. (1.0%) were identified in camels' blood. Six dromedaries were found to be co-infected by Trypanosoma and Anaplasma organisms (6.0%). Camels of female gender, infested by ticks and showing clinical signs were statistically more infected by Trypanosoma spp., compared to those of male gender, free of ticks and apparently healthy (P= 0.027, 0.000 and 0.004, respectively). Babesia spp. infection (1.0%) was identified, for the first time in Tunisia, in one adult female camel that presented abortion and anemia. Anaplasma spp. was the only haemopathogen identified in examined sheep (6.0%) and horses (17.0%). Horses infested by Hippobosca equina flies and sheep infested by Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks were more infected by Anaplasma spp. than other non-infested animals (P=0.046 and 0.042, respectively). Hyalomma dromedarii, H. impeltatum and H. excavatum were the most prevalent diagnosed ticks removed from camels with an intensity of infestation of 1.2 ticks per animal. However, in sheep, only R. turanicus was identified. H. equina and Tabanus spp. were the potential hematophagous flies found in dromedaries and horses herds. This useful data must be taken into consideration during animal treatment and vectors' control programs in Tunisian military farms which help to limit the diffusion of vector-borne diseases, keep our livestock healthy and reduce economic losses.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic/parasitology
Fulltext Effects of corn supplementation on meat quality and fatty acid composition of Dorper lambs fed PKC-Urea treated rice straw

Saeed OA, Sazili AQ, Akit H, Ebrahimi M, Alimon AR, Samsudin AA

BMC Vet Res, 2019 Jul 08;15(1):233.
PMID: 31286932 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1976-8

BACKGROUND: The increasing costs of feed has subsequently increased the costs of production of livestock, thereby decreasing the profit margin of this sector. The utilization of agro-industrial by-products has to some extent substitute some of the corn grains and soyabean meal, commonly used in animal feeds. In Malaysia, palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of the oil palm industry and is frequently used to supply both crude protein (14-16% CP) and energy (11 MJ/kg) in ruminants. The energy and protein content are adequate for maintenance in the majority of ruminants. However, highly available energy supplementation is known to improve growth performance and protein deposition. This study was carried out to determine the effect on the quality of meat and fatty acid composition of the semitendinosus (ST), supraspinatus (SS), and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of Dorper lambs by including corn as an energy source in a basal diet of PKC urea-treated rice straw.
RESULTS: The results show that the LL muscle-drip loss was greater in animals supplemented with 5% corn compared to the other groups. Higher pH values of SS and LL muscles were observed in animals supplemented with 5 and 10% corn. Furthermore, the L* value of ST muscle was increased in lambs fed on 5% corn while, reduced in those fed on 0% corn, but the a* and b* values were not significantly different in the treatment groups. The fatty acid composition of the SS muscles showed that lambs fed on 10% corn had higher levels of sum PUFA n-3 compared to those fed on 0% corn. The concentration of C18:1trans11 and CLA c12 t10 in ST muscle from the lambs fed on supplemented diets were higher than those of the controls.
CONCLUSION: This study has concluded the supplementation of corn as a source of energy into a PKC urea-treated rice straw-based diet increased the PUFA concentrations of muscles as compared to control groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Fulltext Market surveillance on non-halal additives incorporated in surimi based products using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–southern hybridization analysis

Aravindran, S., Sahilah, A.M., Aminah, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(6):2095-2099.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, halal certification status for some surimi-based product is still suspicious due to the incorporation of non-halal plasma protein additives as part of the food ingredient. This study was conducted to determine the presence of plasma protein additives that have been incorporated into surimi-based product using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Southern Hybridization method which able to differentiate 7 type (beef, chicken, duck, goat, buffalo, lamb and pork) of species on a single chip. A random of 17 (n = 17*3) different brands of surimi-based product was purchased from Selangor local market in January 2013. Of 17 brands, 3 (n = 3*3) brands were positive for chicken DNA and 1 (n = 1*3) brand was positive for goat DNA, while remainder 13 brands (n = 13*3) has no DNA species detected. In presence study, it is evidence that PCR-Southern Hybridization analysis offered a reliable result due to its highly specific and sensitive properties in detecting plasma protein incorporation in surimi-based product.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Influence of Nigella sativa seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis leaves and their combination on growth performance, immune response and rumen metabolism in Dorper lambs

Odhaib KJ, Adeyemi KD, Ahmed MA, Jahromi MF, Jusoh S, Samsudin AA, et al.

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2018 Jun;50(5):1011-1023.
PMID: 29654500 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1525-7

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa L. seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaves and their combination on rumen metabolism, nutrient intake and digestibility, growth performance, immune response and blood metabolites in Dorper lambs. Twenty-four entire male Dorper lambs (18.68 ± 0.6 kg, 4-5 months old) were randomly assigned to a concentrate mixture containing on a dry matter basis either, no supplement (control, T1), 1% R. officinalis leaves (T2), 1% N. sativa seeds (T3) or 1% R. officinalis leaves +1% N. sativa seeds (T4). The lambs had ad libitum access to urea-treated rice straw (UTRS) and were raised for 90 days. Supplemented lambs had greater (P

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic/growth & development; Sheep, Domestic/immunology; Sheep, Domestic/metabolism
Recent advances in the use of animal-sourced gelatine as natural polymers for food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications

Mohd Shakrie Palan Abdullah, Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin, Syed Ibrahim Mohd Ismail, Nur Murnisa Mustapha, Malina Jasamai, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:323-336.

Gelatine is used as an excipient for various pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as capsule shells (both hard and soft),
tablets, suspensions, emulsions and injections (e.g. plasma expanders). It is also broadly used in various industries
such as food and cosmetics. Gelatine is a biopolymer obtained from discarded or unused materials of bovine, porcine,
ovine, poultry and marine industrial farms. The discarded materials can be the skin, tendons, cartilages, bones and
connective tissues. Gelatine sourced from animals is relatively easy and inexpensive to produce. The potential needs of
gelatine cannot be overemphasised. Rising demands, health concerns and religious issues have heightened the need for
alternative sources of gelatine. This review presents the various industrial uses of gelatine and the latest developments
in producing gelatine from various sources.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 genes are associated with increased litter size in fat-tailed sheep breeds

Javanmard A, Azadzadeh N, Esmailizadeh AK

Vet Res Commun, 2011 Mar;35(3):157-67.
PMID: 21327517 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9467-9

The objective of this study was to investigate association between GDF9 and BMP15 gene polymorphism and litter size in fat-tailed sheep, a total of 97 mature ewes from four breeds (Afshari=19; Baluchi=18; Makui=30 and Mehraban=30) were genotyped for the BMP15 HinfI and GDF9 HhaI polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique. The highest and lowest mutant allele frequencies were found in Makui (0.27) and Afshari (0.10) sheep for the BMP15 gene and in Afshari (0.24) and Mehraban (0.18) sheep for the GDF9 gene, respectively. Litter size was significantly influenced by genotype of the ewe for two genes (P < 0.01). Heterozygous genotypes for both loci showed higher litter size than homozygous genotypes (P < 0.01). None of the individuals carried homozygous genotype for both of the GDF9 and BMP15 variants in these breeds. The individuals carrying the mutant allele for one of the investigated candidate gene still showed fertile phenotype. Thus, existence of homozygosity at one of the BMP15 and GDF9 variant is not probably able to block normal hormonal pathway of reproduction in fat-tailed sheep.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic/genetics*
Fulltext Genetic diversity of Haemonchus contortus isolated from sympatric wild blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) and sheep in Helan Mountains, China

Shen DD, Wang JF, Zhang DY, Peng ZW, Yang TY, Wang ZD, et al.

Parasit Vectors, 2017 Sep 19;10(1):437.
PMID: 28927469 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2377-0

BACKGROUND: Haemonchus contortus is known among parasitic nematodes as one of the major veterinary pathogens of small ruminants and results in great economic losses worldwide. Human activities, such as the sympatric grazing of wild with domestic animals, may place susceptible wildlife hosts at risk of increased prevalence and infection intensity with this common small ruminant parasite. Studies on phylogenetic factors of H. contortus should assist in defining the amount of the impact of anthropogenic factors on the extent of sharing of agents such as this nematode between domestic animals and wildlife.
METHODS: H. contortus specimens (n = 57) were isolated from wild blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) inhabiting Helan Mountains (HM), China and additional H. contortus specimens (n = 20) were isolated from domestic sheep that were grazed near the natural habitat of the blue sheep. Complete ITS2 (second internal transcribed spacer) sequences and partial sequences of the nad4 (nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 4 gene) gene were amplified to determine the sequence variations and population genetic diversities between these two populations. Also, 142 nad4 haplotype sequences of H. contortus from seven other geographical regions of China were retrieved from database to further examine the H. contortus population structure.
RESULTS: Sequence analysis revealed 10 genotypes (ITS2) and 73 haplotypes (nad4) among the 77 specimens, with nucleotide diversities of 0.007 and 0.021, respectively, similar to previous studies in other countries, such as Pakistan, Malaysia and Yemen. Phylogenetic analyses (BI, MP, NJ) of nad4 sequences showed that there were no noticeable boundaries among H. contortus populations from different geographical origin and population genetic analyses revealed that most of the variation (94.21%) occurred within H. contortus populations. All phylogenetic analyses indicated that there was little genetic differentiation but a high degree of gene flow among the H. contortus populations among wild blue sheep and domestic ruminants in China.
CONCLUSIONS: The current work is the first genetic characterization of H. contortus isolated from wild blue sheep in the Helan Mountains region. The results revealed a low genetic differentiation and high degree of gene flow between the H. contortus populations from sympatric wild blue sheep and domestic sheep, indicating regular cross-infection between the sympatrically reared ruminants.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic/parasitology
Fulltext BrdU pulse labelling in vivo to characterise cell proliferation during regeneration and repair following injury to the airway wall in sheep

Yahaya B, McLachlan G, Collie DD

ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:871932.
PMID: 23533365 DOI: 10.1155/2013/871932

The response of S-phase cells labelled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in sheep airways undergoing repair in response to endobronchial brush biopsy was investigated in this study. Separate sites within the airway tree of anaesthetised sheep were biopsied at intervals prior to pulse labelling with BrdU, which was administered one hour prior to euthanasia. Both brushed and spatially disparate unbrushed (control) sites were carefully mapped, dissected, and processed to facilitate histological analysis of BrdU labelling. Our study indicated that the number and location of BrdU-labelled cells varied according to the age of the repairing injury. There was little evidence of cell proliferation in either control airway tissues or airway tissues examined six hours after injury. However, by days 1 and 3, BrdU-labelled cells were increased in number in the airway wall, both at the damaged site and in the regions flanking either side of the injury. Thereafter, cell proliferative activity largely declined by day 7 after injury, when consistent evidence of remodelling in the airway wall could be appreciated. This study successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of in vivo pulse labelling in tracking cell proliferation during repair which has a potential value in exploring the therapeutic utility of stem cell approaches in relevant lung disease models.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Measurement of sulphated glycosaminoglycans production after autologous 'chondrocytes-fibrin' constructs implantation in sheep knee joint

Munirah S, Samsudin OC, Chen HC, Salmah SH, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:35-6.
PMID: 19024971

Chondrocytes were isolated from articular cartilage biopsy and were cultivated in vitro. Approximately 30 million of cultured chondrocytes per ml were incorporated with autologous plasma-derived fibrin to form three-dimensional construct. Full-thickness punch hole defects were created in lateral and medial femoral condyles. The defects were implanted either with the autologous 'chondrocytes-fibrin' construct (ACFC), autologous chondrocytes (ACI) or fibrin blank (AF). Sheep were euthanized after 12 weeks. The gross morphology of all defects treated with ACFC implantation, ACI and AF exhibited median scores which correspond to a nearly normal appearance according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) classification. ACFC significantly enhanced cartilage repair compared to ACI and AF in accordance with the modified O'Driscoll histological scoring scale. The relative sulphated glycosaminoglycans content (%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in ACFC when compared to control groups; ACI vs. fibrin only vs. untreated (blank). Results showed that ACFC implantation exhibited superior cartilage-like tissue regeneration compared to ACI. If the result is applicable to the human, it possibly will improve the existing treatment approaches for cartilage restoration in orthopaedic surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Fulltext Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from different food sources

Cheah, Y.K., Tay, L.W., Aida, A.A., Son, R., Nakaguchi, T., Nishibuchi, M.

International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(1):31-40.
MyJurnal

Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157 were identified from “selom” (Oenanthe stolonifera), “pegaga” (Centella asiatica), beef, chicken, lamb, buffalo, “ulam Raja” (Cosmos caudatus) and “tenggek burung” (Euodia redlevi). The bacteria were recovered using chromagenic agar. Isolated Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli 0157 were further characterized by plasmid profiling and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). The virulence genes of the isolates (VT1, VT2, LT, ST, eaeA, inV) that produces pathogenic Escherichia coli and 16S rRNA gene were screened by a multiplex PCR assay. The plasmid profiling analysis showed that out of 176 isolates, only 103 isolates contained plasmids. ERIC-PCR analysis generated amplified products in the range of ~150 bp to > 1000 bp categorizing isolates into a total of 52 different profiles. Multiplex PCR showed that 20 (32.3%) of the isolates carried eaeA gene, 6 (9.7%) isolates possessed inV genes, only 1 (1.6%) have VT2 genes and 1 (1.6%) as well carried VT1 genes, 2 (3.2%) of the isolates harboured LT genes, and only 1 (1.6%) isolate possessed ST genes. There were no correlation between plasmid, ERIC-PCR and virulence genes profiles.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Fulltext Carcass traits, fatty acid composition, gene expression, oxidative stability and quality attributes of different muscles in Dorper lambs fed Nigella sativa seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis leaves and their combination

Odhaib KJ, Adeyemi KD, Sazili AQ

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2018 Aug;31(8):1345-1357.
PMID: 29103284 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0468

Objective: This study examined the influence of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds, Rosmarinus officinalis leaves and their combination on carcass attributes, fatty acid (FA) composition, gene expression, lipid oxidation and physicochemical properties of longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST), and supraspinatus (SS) muscles in Dorper lambs.
METHODS: Twenty-four Dorper lambs (18.68±0.6 kg, 4 to 5 months old) were randomly assigned to a concentrate mixture containing either, no supplement (control, T1), 1% Rosmarinus officinalis leaves (T2), 1% Nigella sativa seeds (T3), or 1% Rosmarinus officinalis leaves+1% Nigella sativa seeds (T4) on a dry matter basis. The lambs were fed the treatments with urea-treated rice straw for 90 days, slaughtered and the muscles were subjected to a 7 d postmortem chill storage.
RESULTS: The T2 lambs had greater (p<0.05) slaughter and cold carcass weights than the control lambs. Dietary supplements did not affect (p>0.05) chill loss, dressing percentage, carcass composition, intramuscular fat and muscle pH in Dorper lambs. Meat from supplemented lambs had lower (p<0.05) cooking and drip losses, shear force, lightness, and lipid oxidation and greater (p<0.05) redness compared with the control meat. The impact of dietary supplements on muscle FA varied with muscle type. Diet had no effect (p>0.05) on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and lipoprotein lipase genes in LD and ST muscles in Dorper lambs. The T2 and T3 diets up regulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 2 gene in LD and ST muscles and up regulated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 in ST muscle in Dorper lambs.
CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa seeds and Rosmarinus officinalis leaves had beneficial effects on meat quality in Dorper lambs.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
A scanning electron microscopic study of in vivo tissue engineered respiratory epithelium in sheep

Heikal MY, Aminuddin BS, Jeevanan J, Chen HC, Sharifah S, Ruszymah BH

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:34.
PMID: 19024970

Normal tracheal mucociliary clearance is the key to maintaining the health and defense of respiratory airway. Therefore the present of cilia and mucous blanket are important for tracheal epithelium to function effectively. In the present study, we prepared a tissue engineered respiratory epithelium construct (TEREC) made of autologous respiratory epithelium cells, fibroblast and fibrin from sheep owns blood which replaced a created tracheal mucosal defect. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed encouraging result where immature cilia were present on the surface of TEREC. This result indicates that engineered respiratory epithelium was able to function as normal tissue.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Cell based therapy for osteoarthritis in a sheep model: gross and histological assessment

Alfaqeh H, Norhamdan MY, Chua KH, Chen HC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:37-8.
PMID: 19024972

This study was to determine if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in chondrogenic medium could repair surgically induced osteoarthritis. Sheep BMSCs were cultured in medium containing 5ng/ml TGFbeta3 + 50ng/ml IGF-1 for three weeks. The cultured cells were then suspended at density of 2x10(6) cell/ml and injected intraarticularly into the osteoarthritic knee joint. After six weeks, the distal head of the femur and the proximal tibial plateau were removed and stained with H&E. The results indicated that knee joints treated with autologous BMSCs cultured in chondrogenic medium showed clear evidence of articular cartilage regeneration in comparison with other groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Usage of allogeneic single layered tissue engineered skin enhance wound treatment in sheep

Adha PR, Chua KH, Mazlyzam AL, Low KC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:30-1.
PMID: 19024968

A major factor limiting survival following extensive thermal injury is insufficient availability of donor sites to provide enough skin for the required grafting procedures. Limitation of autologous grafting promotes the usage of allograft skin substitutes to promote wound healing. Here, we investigated the wound healing potential of allograft single layered tissue engineered skin which comprises of either keratinocytes (SLTES-K) or fibroblast (SLTES-F) with fibrin as the delivery system. Results from gross and microscopic evaluation showed our single layered tissue engineered skin constructed with keratinocytes or fibroblast after gamma radiation with the dosage of 2Gy could serve as allograft for the treatment of skin loss.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
The use of FAMACHA in estimation of gastrointestinal nematodes and total worm burden in Damara and Barbados Blackbelly cross sheep

Mohammed K, Abba Y, Ramli NS, Marimuthu M, Omar MA, Abdullah FF, et al.

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2016 Jun;48(5):1013-20.
PMID: 27038194 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1049-y

The prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and total worm burden of Damara and Barbados Blackbelly cross sheep was investigated among smallholder farms in Salak Tinggi district of Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 50 sheep raised in smallholder farms comprising of 27 Damara cross and 23 Barbados Blackbelly cross were categorized based on their age into young and adults. Fecal samples were collected and examined for strongyle egg count by using modified McMaster technique. Severity of infection was categorized into mild, moderate, and heavy, based on egg per gram (EPG). Five sheep were randomly selected and slaughtered to examine the presence of adult gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes through total worm count (TWC). Faffa Malan Chart (FAMACHA) score was used for investigation of worm load based on the degree of anemia. The study revealed an overall EPG prevalence of 88 %, of which 84.1 % had mild infection. There was a significant difference (p = 0.002) in EPG among the two breeds. Based on age, significant difference (p = 0. 004) in EPG was observed among Barbados Blackbelly cross, but not for Damara cross (p = 0.941). The correlation between severity of infection and the FAMACHA score was significant (r = 0.289; p = 0.042). Haemonchus spp. were the most predominant nematode found in the gastrointestinal tract, followed by Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum spps. EPG and TWC for Haemonchus were positively correlated, but not significant (r = 0.85, p = 0.066). From regression analysis, 73 % of the variability in TWC for Haemonchus could be explained by EPG. Thus, it can be concluded that FAMACHA score correlates well with severity of infection of a nematode and can be used to assess the strongyle nematode burden in the different sheep crosses.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Fulltext Effect of corn supplementation on purine derivatives and rumen fermentation in sheep fed PKC and urea-treated rice straw

Saeed OA, Sazili AQ, Akit H, Alimon AR, Samsudin AAB

Trop Anim Health Prod, 2018 Dec;50(8):1859-1864.
PMID: 29948778 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1636-1

This study investigated the effect of different levels of corn supplementation as energy source into palm kernel cake-urea-treated rice straw basal diet on urinary excretion of purine derivatives, nitrogen utilization, rumen fermentation, and rumen microorganism populations. Twenty-seven Dorper lambs were randomly assigned to three treatment groups and kept in individual pens for a 120-day period. The animals were subjected to the dietary treatments as follows: T1: 75.3% PKC + 0% corn, T2: 70.3% PKC + 5% corn, and T3: 65.3% PKC + 10% corn. Hypoxanthine and uric acid excretion level were recorded similarly in lambs supplemented with corn. The microbial N yield and butyrate level was higher in corn-supplemented group, but fecal N excretion, T3 has the lowest level than other groups. Lambs fed T3 had a greater rumen protozoa population while the number of R. flavefaciens was recorded highest in T2. No significant differences were observed for total bacteria, F. succinogenes, R. albus, and methanogen population among all treatment. Based on these results, T3 could be fed to lambs without deleterious effect on the VFA and N balance.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic
Fulltext Gestational age at time of in utero lipopolysaccharide exposure influences the severity of inflammation-induced diaphragm weakness in lambs

Karisnan K, Mahzabin T, Bakker AJ, Song Y, Noble PB, Pillow JJ, et al.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2018 04 01;314(4):R523-R532.
PMID: 29212808 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00150.2017

The preterm diaphragm is functionally immature compared with its term counterpart. In utero inflammation further exacerbates preterm diaphragm dysfunction. We hypothesized that preterm lambs are more vulnerable to in utero inflammation-induced diaphragm dysfunction compared with term lambs. Pregnant ewes received intra-amniotic (IA) injections of saline or 10 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 2 or 7 days before delivery at 121 days (preterm) or ∼145 days (term) of gestation. Diaphragm contractile function was assessed in vitro. Plasma cytokines, diaphragm myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Maximum diaphragm force in preterm control lambs was significantly lower (22%) than in term control lambs ( P < 0.001). Despite similar inflammatory cytokine responses to in utero LPS exposure, diaphragm function in preterm and term lambs was affected differentially. In term lambs, maximum force after a 2-day LPS exposure was significantly lower than in controls (by ~20%, P < 0.05). In preterm lambs, maximum forces after 2-day and 7-day LPS exposures were significantly lower than in controls (by ~30%, P < 0.05). Peak twitch force after LPS exposure was significantly lower in preterm than in controls, but not in term lambs. In term lambs, LPS exposure increased the proportion of MHC-I fibers, increased twitch contraction times, and increased fatigue resistance relative to controls. In preterm diaphragm, the cross-sectional area of embryonic MHC fibers was significantly lower after 7-day versus 2-day LPS exposures. We conclude that preterm lambs are more vulnerable to IA LPS-induced diaphragm dysfunction than term lambs. In utero inflammation exacerbates diaphragm dysfunction and may increase susceptibility to postnatal respiratory failure.

Matched MeSH terms: Sheep, Domestic

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