Objectives: The main aim of this fundamental investigation is to examine the influence of a two-phase hybrid nanofluid approach on mixed convection characteristics including the consequences of varying Richardson number, number of oscillations, nanoparticle volume fraction, and dimensionless length and dimensionless position of the solid obstacle.
Methods: The migration of composite hybrid nanoparticles due to the nano-scale forces of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis was taken into account. There is an inner block near the middle of the enclosure, which contributes toward the flow, heat, and mass transfer. The top lid cover wall of the enclosure is allowed to move which induces a mixed convection flow. The impact of the migration of hybrid nanoparticles with regard to heat transfer is also conveyed in the conservation of energy. The governing equations are molded into the non-dimensional pattern and then explained using the finite element technique. The effect of various non-dimensional parameters such as the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the wave number of walls, and the Richardson number on the heat transfer and the concentration distribution of nanoparticles are examined. Various case studies for Al2O3-Cu/water hybrid nanofluids are performed.
Results: The results reveal that the temperature gradient could induce a notable concentration variation in the enclosure.
Conclusion: The location of the solid block and undulation of surfaces are valuable in the control of the heat transfer and the concentration distribution of the composite nanoparticles.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all RSAs performed in 7 centers from 1998 to 2010. The inclusion criteria were primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis with B1, B2, B3, or C glenoid. Forty-nine shoulders in 45 patients fulfilled the criteria. Bone grafting was performed in 16 cases. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Constant score (CS) and shoulder range of motion.
RESULTS: The mean total CS increased from 30 preoperatively to 68 points (P < .001) with significant improvements in all the subsections of the CS and range of motion. Scapular notching was observed in 20 shoulders (43%), grade 1 in 5 (11%), grade 2 in 7 (15%), grade 3 in 5 (11%), and grade 4 in 3 (6%). The glenoid bone graft healed in all the shoulders. Partial inferior lysis of the bone graft was present in 8 cases (50%). Scapular notching and glenoid bone graft resorption had no influence on the CS (P = .147 and P = .798).
CONCLUSION: RSA for the treatment of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis in patients with posterior glenoid deficiency and humeral subluxation without rotator cuff insufficiency resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, including 48 patients from a single institution who underwent MUA for stiffness, separated into objective and subjective knee stiffness. Patients with subjective knee stiffness who underwent MUA had failed conservative management. ROM, Oxford Knee Scores (OKS), Knee Society Scores (KSS) and Short Form 36 (SF36) scores were compared at two years post MUA.
Results: The demographics of the two patient groups were similar. The time interval between index TKA and MUA was higher in the subjective knee stiffness group. Pre-MUA OKS, KS Function Score, KSS and SF36 scores were similar in both patient subgroups. There was no significant difference in the OKS, KSS or SF36 at two year follow-up. The proportion of patients in each group who achieved the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) improvement in the scores was also similar.
Conclusions: Patients with subjective knee stiffness can achieve similar functional outcome improvements in Oxford and Knee Society Scores with MUA at two years follow-up.
INTRODUCTION: Finger stiffness after treatment for metacarpal fractures often occurs due to poor compliance to the conventional rehabilitation programs. Gamification has shown success in improving adherence to and effectiveness of various therapies.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether gamification, using cost-effective devices was comparable with conventional physiotherapy in improving hand functions and adherence to rehabilitation in metacarpal fractures.
METHODS: A 2-group randomized controlled trial involving 19 patients was conducted. Participants were randomized to a control (conventional physiotherapy, n = 10) or interventional group (gamification, n = 9). The grips strength and composite finger range of motion were measured at the baseline and each follow-up together with Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation scores and compliance.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences on improvements of grip strength (means difference 24.38 vs 20.44, P = .289) and composite finger range of motion (means difference 50.50 vs 51.11, P = .886). However, the gamification group showed better results in Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (mean 0.44 vs 8.45, P = .038) and compliance (P
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to introduce an exercise training program designed to decrease muscle stiffness and pain that can be performed in the office setting.
METHODS: Forty healthy office workers (age: 28±5.3 years old; body mass: 87.2±10.2 kg; height: 1.79±0.15 m) apart from suffering from any sub-clinical symptoms of muscle and joint stiffness, and who had at least two years of experience in office work were chosen and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The experimental group performed the exercise training program three times a week for 11 weeks. The Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire was used to measure the pain levels in the neck, shoulders, and lower back areas. The Borg CR-10 Scale was used to measure their perceived exertion when doing the exercises, and a goniometer was used to measure the changes in range of motion (ROM) of the neck, hips, knees, and shoulders.
RESULTS: The overall results indicated that the exercise program could significantly (p
Material and Methods: Twenty patients with Freiburg's infraction were admitted at our hospital over a period of six years. Patients with a normal plantar contour of the metatarsal head were included. All patients underwent a dorsal closing wedge osteotomy of the metatarsal.
Results: The mean Leeds Movement Performance Index (LMPI) score was 84 (range 70-86). The mean metatarsal shortening was 2mm. the passive flexion restriction was 16° and extension restriction was 10°. Also, a strong negative correlation was found between Smillie classification and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) final score (r's = -0.85, P < .001).
Conclusion: The dorsal closing wedge osteotomy is an efficient and reproducible method for the management of Freiburg's infraction.