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Adaptive invention: independence and mobility through modifications

Mairami FF, Allotey P, Warren N, Mak JS, Reidpath DD

Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, 2018 10;13(7):658-664.
PMID: 28836873 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1369586

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of disability that limits everyday activities and reduces social participation. Provision of assistive devices helps to achieve independence and social inclusion. However, due to limited resources or a lack of suited objects for their needs, individuals with disabilities in low and middle income countries (LMIC) often do not have access to assistive devices. This has resulted in the creation of purpose built innovative solutions. Methodology and case content: This paper uses a single case derived from a larger ethnographic study of stroke survivors in rural Malaysia to demonstrate the role of assistive devices in shaping stroke recovery and how existing structures can be modified. Second, the concept of affordances in relation to structures within the environment, issues of affordability and accessibility of assistive devices for individuals in LMIC are discussed.
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Stroke recovery involves adapting to new limitations and discovering the support necessary to live life. These changes are influenced by a range of environmental factors. Healthcare professionals need to support stroke patients in identifying challenges and work to find innovative ways to address them. Stroke survivors may benefit from the use of an assistive device beyond its clinical function to participate purposefully in activities of daily living. Implications for Rehabilitation Stroke is a cause of disability that limits everyday activities and reduces social participation. Assistive devices help achieve independence, social inclusion and shape stroke recovery. Individuals with disabilities in low and middle income countries often do not have access to assistive devices and resort to innovative solutions that are purpose built. Stroke recovery involves adapting to new limitations and discovering the support necessary to live life as best as possible.

Matched MeSH terms: Disabled Persons/rehabilitation*; Stroke Rehabilitation/methods*
Fulltext What can we learn from the Baduanjin rehabilitation as COVID-19 treatment?: A narrative review

Zhu Z, Pan X, Zhong F, Tian J, Ong MLY

Nurs Open, 2023 May;10(5):2819-2830.
PMID: 36575646 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1572

AIM: To understand Baduanjin rehabilitation therapy in mild COVID-19 patients.
DESIGN: A narrative review.
METHODS: A literature search for COVID-19 and Baduanjin treatments was conducted on Chinese and English electronic databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ebscohost, SPORTDiscus and ProQuest.
RESULTS: Twelve studies on the Baduanjin rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients have been included. We acknowledged the considerable published research and current clinical practice using Baduanjin for COVID-19 treatment in the following areas: anxiety, depression, insomnia, lung function rehabilitation, immunity and activity endurance.
CONCLUSION: The use of Baduanjin as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19 patients' rehabilitation is still limited, therefore, more clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.

Matched MeSH terms: Rehabilitation
Employment program for patients with severe mental illness in Malaysia: a 3-month outcome

Wan Kasim SH, Midin M, Abu Bakar AK, Sidi H, Nik Jaafar NR, Das S

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S38-45.
PMID: 23602390 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.011

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the rate and predictive factors of successful employment at 3 months upon enrolment into an employment program among patients with severe mental illness (SMI).
METHODS: A cross-sectional study using universal sampling technique was conducted on patients with SMI who completed a 3-month period of being employed at Hospital Permai, Malaysia. A total of 147 patients were approached and 126 were finally included in the statistical analyses. Successful employment was defined as the ability to work 40 or more hours per month. Factors significantly associated with successful employment from bivariate analyses were entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of successful employment.
RESULTS: The rate of successful employment at 3 months was 68.3% (n=81). Significant factors associated with successful employment from bivariate analyses were having past history of working, good family support, less number of psychiatric admissions, good compliance to medicine, good interest in work, living in hostel, being motivated to work, satisfied with the job or salary, getting a preferred job, being in competitive or supported employment and having higher than median scores of PANNS on the positive, negative and general psychopathology. Significant predictors of employment, from a logistic regression model were having good past history of working (p<0.021; OR 6.12; [95% CI 2.1-11.9]) and getting a preferred job (p<0.032; [OR 4.021; 95% CI 1.83-12.1]).
CONCLUSION: Results showed a high employment rate among patients with SMI. Good past history of working and getting a preferred job were significant predictors of successful employment.

Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/rehabilitation*; Bipolar Disorder/rehabilitation; Depressive Disorder, Major/rehabilitation; Schizophrenia/rehabilitation
Earnings among people with spinal cord injury

Ramakrishnan K, Loh SY, Omar Z

Spinal Cord, 2011 Sep;49(9):986-9.
PMID: 21556013 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.47

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.

Matched MeSH terms: Rehabilitation, Vocational/economics; Rehabilitation, Vocational/trends; Rehabilitation, Vocational/statistics & numerical data; Spinal Cord Injuries/rehabilitation
Concomitant injuries and its influence on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury

Leong BK, Mazlan M, Abd Rahim RB, Ganesan D

Disabil Rehabil, 2013 Aug;35(18):1546-51.
PMID: 23294408 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.748832

This study aims to describe the presence and severity of extracranial concomitant injuries in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and to ascertain their effect on long-term functional outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Arm Injuries/rehabilitation; Brain Injuries/rehabilitation; Facial Injuries/rehabilitation; Leg Injuries/rehabilitation; Multiple Trauma/rehabilitation
The use of implants in the occlusal rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient: a clinical report

Yunus N, Abdullah H, Hanapiah F

J Prosthet Dent, 2001 Jun;85(6):540-3.
PMID: 11404753

This article describes the occlusal rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient who did not want a removable partial denture. Implants and extensive fixed restorations were used to restore posterior support and treat severely worn dentition, respectively. The treatment offered the patient a functional and esthetic result.

Matched MeSH terms: Jaw, Edentulous, Partially/rehabilitation*; Malocclusion/rehabilitation; Mouth Rehabilitation; Tooth Abrasion/rehabilitation; Tooth Attrition/rehabilitation
Fulltext Development of an air pneumatic suspension system for transtibial prostheses

Pirouzi G, Abu Osman NA, Oshkour AA, Ali S, Gholizadeh H, Abas WA

Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(9):16754-65.
PMID: 25207872 DOI: 10.3390/s140916754

The suspension system and socket fitting of artificial limbs have major roles and vital effects on the comfort, mobility, and satisfaction of amputees. This paper introduces a new pneumatic suspension system that overcomes the drawbacks of current suspension systems in donning and doffing, change in volume during daily activities, and pressure distribution in the socket-stump interface. An air pneumatic suspension system (APSS) for total-contact sockets was designed and developed. Pistoning and pressure distribution in the socket-stump interface were tested for the new APSS. More than 95% of the area between each prosthetic socket and liner was measured using a Tekscan F-Scan pressure measurement which has developed matrix-based pressure sensing systems. The variance in pressure around the stump was 8.76 kPa. APSS exhibits less pressure concentration around the stump, improved pressure distribution, easy donning and doffing, adjustability to remain fitted to the socket during daily activities, and more adaptability to the changes in stump volume. The volume changes were adjusted by utility of air pressure sensor. The vertical displacement point and reliability of suspension were assessed using a photographic method. The optimum pressure in every level of loading weight was 55 kPa, and the maximum displacement was 6 mm when 90 N of weight was loaded.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*
Fulltext Postural stability characteristics of transtibial amputees wearing different prosthetic foot types when standing on various support surfaces

Arifin N, Abu Osman NA, Ali S, Gholizadeh H, Abas WA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:856279.
PMID: 25003155 DOI: 10.1155/2014/856279

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prosthetic foot types on the postural stability among transtibial amputees when standing on different support surfaces.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*
Transfemoral prosthesis suspension systems: a systematic review of the literature

Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman NA, Eshraghi A, Ali S

Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2014 Sep;93(9):809-23.
PMID: 24743451 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000094

The purpose of this study was to find the scientific evidence pertaining to various transfemoral suspension systems to provide selection criteria for clinicians. To this end, databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were explored. The following key words, as well as their combinations and synonyms, were used for the search: transfemoral prosthesis, prosthetic suspension, lower limb prosthesis, above-knee prosthesis, prosthetic liner, transfemoral, and prosthetic socket. The study design, research instrument, sampling method, outcome measures, and protocols of articles were reviewed. On the basis of the selection criteria, 16 articles (11 prospective studies and 5 surveys) were reviewed. The main causes of reluctance to prosthesis, aside from energy expenditure, were socket-related problems such as discomfort, perspiration, and skin problems. Osseointegration was a suspension option, yet it is rarely applied because of several drawbacks, such as extended rehabilitation process, risk for fracture, and infection along with excessive cost. In conclusion, no clinical evidence was found as a "standard" system of suspension and socket design for all transfemoral amputees. However, among various suspension systems for transfemoral amputees, the soft insert or double socket was favored by most users in terms of function and comfort.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*
Transtibial prosthesis suspension systems: systematic review of literature

Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman NA, Eshraghi A, Ali S, Razak NA

Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2014 Jan;29(1):87-97.
PMID: 24315710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.10.013

Today a number of prosthetic suspension systems are available for transtibial amputees. Consideration of an appropriate suspension system can ensure that amputee's functional needs are satisfied. The higher the insight to suspension systems, the easier would be the selection for prosthetists. This review attempted to find scientific evidence pertaining to various transtibial suspension systems to provide selection criteria for clinicians.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*
Fulltext Balance control in lower extremity amputees during quiet standing: a systematic review

Ku PX, Abu Osman NA, Wan Abas WA

Gait Posture, 2014 Feb;39(2):672-82.
PMID: 24331296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.07.006

Postural control has been widely evaluated for the normal population and different groups over the past 20 years. Numerous studies have investigated postural control in quiet standing posture among amputees. However, a comprehensive analysis is lacking on the possible contributing factors to balance. The present systematic review highlights the current findings on variables that contribute to balance instability for lower extremity amputees. The search strategy was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL and then followed by additional manual searching via reference lists in the reviewed articles. The quality of the articles was evaluated using a methodological quality assessment tool. This review included and evaluated a total of 23 full-text articles. Despite the inconsistencies in the methodological design of the studies, all articles scored above the acceptable level in terms of quality. A majority of the studies revealed that lower extremity amputees have increased postural sway in the standing posture. Asymmetry in body weight, which is mainly distributed in the non-amputated leg, was described. Aside from the centre of pressure in postural control, sensory inputs may be a related topic for investigation in view of evidence on their contribution, particularly visual input. Other balance-related factors, such as stump length and patients' confidence level, were also neglected. Further research requires examination on the potential factors that affect postural control as the information of standing postural is still limited.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*
Influential factors in stability of lower-limb amputees

Kamali M, Karimi MT, Eshraghi A, Omar H

Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2013 Dec;92(12):1110-8.
PMID: 23900009 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e31829b4b7a

Lower-limb amputation is mainly a result of trauma, vascular disease, diabetes, or congenital disorders. Persons with amputation lose their ability to stand and walk on the basis of the level of amputation. Contribution of level of amputation, type of amputation, or cause of amputation to balance impairment has not been clearly defined. Furthermore, it is controversial how much the mentioned parameters influence standing stability. Therefore, the aim of this review article was to find the relationship between the abovementioned factors and balance impairment in the available literature. It was also aimed to find the possibility of improving standing stability by the use of different prosthesis components.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*
Gait disorder rehabilitation using vision and non-vision based sensors: a systematic review

Ali A, Sundaraj K, Ahmad B, Ahamed N, Islam A

Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2012 Aug;12(3):193-202.
PMID: 22938548

Even though the amount of rehabilitation guidelines has never been greater, uncertainty continues to arise regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the rehabilitation of gait disorders. This question has been hindered by the lack of information on accurate measurements of gait disorders. Thus, this article reviews the rehabilitation systems for gait disorder using vision and non-vision sensor technologies, as well as the combination of these. All papers published in the English language between 1990 and June, 2012 that had the phrases "gait disorder", "rehabilitation", "vision sensor", or "non vision sensor" in the title, abstract, or keywords were identified from the SpringerLink, ELSEVIER, PubMed, and IEEE databases. Some synonyms of these phrases and the logical words "and", "or", and "not" were also used in the article searching procedure. Out of the 91 published articles found, this review identified 84 articles that described the rehabilitation of gait disorders using different types of sensor technologies. This literature set presented strong evidence for the development of rehabilitation systems using a markerless vision-based sensor technology. We therefore believe that the information contained in this review paper will assist the progress of the development of rehabilitation systems for human gait disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Gait Disorders, Neurologic/rehabilitation*
Special tinted contact lens on colour-defects

Mutilab HA, Sharanjeet-Kaur, Keu LK, Choo PF

Clin Ter, 2012;163(3):199-204.
PMID: 22964691

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the visual function of colour-deficient subjects when wearing special red tint contact lenses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 subjects with congenital colour vision deficiency (14 deutans and 3 protans), voluntarily participated in this study. The average age for the subjects was 23.00 ± 4.06 years old. Visual functions tested were visual acuity (LogMAR), contrast sensitivity (FACT Chart) and stereopsis (TNO and Howard Dolman tests). Two types of special red tint lenses were used in this study; Type I (light red) and Type II (dark red).
RESULTS: The protans and deutans showed no significant changes in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity when wearing either type of contact lens. Stereopsis testing using the Horward-Dolman test gave no significant changes but significant differences were seen using the TNO test. Stereopsis using the TNO test was significantly poorer with the red tinted contact lenses compared to without for both protons and deutans. Testing binocularly with Ishihara plates showed that 88% (n=15) of patients passed the test with Type I and Type II contact lenses. When D15 test was done, 3 patients (17.6%) were 'normal' when using the Type I contact lenses and 2 patients (11.8%) were 'normal' when using the Type II contact lenses. However, with FM100Hue test, most patients showed deutan responses. Total error scores (TES) were found to be higher with Type I and Type II contact lenses compared to without.
CONCLUSIONS: The Type I and II special tinted contact lens used in this study did not cause a reduction of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity for the colour defects. Stereopsis was also not reduced with the Type I and Type II contact lenses for the colour defects except when tested with the TNO test. Colour vision defects became difficult to detect using the Ishihara plates but FM100Hue test did not show any improvement with the Type I and Type II contact lenses.

Matched MeSH terms: Color Vision Defects/rehabilitation*
Qualitative study of prosthetic suspension systems on transtibial amputees' satisfaction and perceived problems with their prosthetic devices

Ali S, Abu Osman NA, Naqshbandi MM, Eshraghi A, Kamyab M, Gholizadeh H

Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2012 Nov;93(11):1919-23.
PMID: 22579945 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.04.024

To investigate the effects of 3 dissimilar suspension systems on participants' satisfaction and perceived problems with their prostheses.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputation, Traumatic/rehabilitation*
Burden of stroke in Malaysia

Loo KW, Gan SH

Int J Stroke, 2012 Feb;7(2):165-7.
PMID: 22264370 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00767.x

Stroke is one of the top five leading causes of death and one of the top 10 causes for hospitalization in Malaysia. Stroke is also in the top five diseases with the greatest burden of disease, based on disability-adjusted life years. However, prospective studies on stroke in Malaysia are limited. To date, neither the prevalence of stroke nor its incidence nationally has been recorded. Hypertension is the major risk factor for stroke. The mean age of stroke patients in Malaysia is between 54.5 and 62.6 years. Traditional medicine is commonly practiced. With the increasing number of stroke cases annually, more government and nongovernment organizations should be involved in primary and secondary prevention strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Stroke/rehabilitation
Narrative-based intervention for word-finding difficulties: a case study

Marks I, Stokes SF

Int J Lang Commun Disord, 2010 Sep-Oct;45(5):586-99.
PMID: 19857187 DOI: 10.3109/13682820903277951

Children with word-finding difficulties manifest a high frequency of word-finding characteristics in narrative, yet word-finding interventions have concentrated on single-word treatments and outcome measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Language Development Disorders/rehabilitation*
Integrated modeling and design for realizing a two-wheeled wheelchair for disabled

Altalmas T, Aula A, Ahmad S, Tokhi MO, Akmeliawati R

Assist Technol, 2016;28(3):159-74.
PMID: 27187763 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2016.1140688

Two-wheeled wheelchairs are considered highly nonlinear and complex systems. The systems mimic a double-inverted pendulum scenario and will provide better maneuverability in confined spaces and also to reach higher level of height for pick and place tasks. The challenge resides in modeling and control of the two-wheeled wheelchair to perform comparably to a normal four-wheeled wheelchair. Most common modeling techniques have been accomplished by researchers utilizing the basic Newton's Laws of motion and some have used 3D tools to model the system where the models are much more theoretical and quite far from the practical implementation. This article is aimed at closing the gap between the conventional mathematical modeling approaches where the integrated 3D modeling approach with validation on the actual hardware implementation was conducted. To achieve this, both nonlinear and a linearized model in terms of state space model were obtained from the mathematical model of the system for analysis and, thereafter, a 3D virtual prototype of the wheelchair was developed, simulated, and analyzed. This has increased the confidence level for the proposed platform and facilitated the actual hardware implementation of the two-wheeled wheelchair. Results show that the prototype developed and tested has successfully worked within the specific requirements established.

Matched MeSH terms: Disabled Persons/rehabilitation
Report: Demographic profiles and sleep quality among patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in Malaysia

Zahari Z, Siong LC, Musa N, Mohd Yasin MA, Choon TS, Mohamad N, et al.

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Jan;29(1):239-46.
PMID: 26826835

Poor sleep quality was frequently reported by opioid dependence patients during methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). The study investigated a sample of patients on MMT to investigate the severity and prevalence of sleep problems in MMT patients. We evaluated sleep quality and disturbances of 119 Malay male patients from MMT clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia between March and July 2013 using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-Malay version. Patients' demographic, clinical data, past drug history and methadone treatment variables were recorded. Patients averaged 37.5 years of age (SD 6.79) and their mean age of first time illicit drug use was 19.3 years (SD 4.48). Their mean age of entering MMT was 34.7 years (SD 6.92) and the mean duration in MMT was 2.8 years (SD 2.13). The mean current daily dosage of methadone was 77.8 mg (SD 39.47) and ranged from 20 to 360 mg. The mean global PSQI score was 5.6 (SD 2.79) and 43.7% patients were identified as 'poor sleepers' (global PSQI scores >5). This study confirms the poor overall sleep quality among patients on MMT. The prevalence and severity of sleep problems in MMT patients should not be underestimated.

Matched MeSH terms: Opioid-Related Disorders/rehabilitation*
Evaluation of postural steadiness in below-knee amputees when wearing different prosthetic feet during various sensory conditions using the Biodex® Stability System

Arifin N, Abu Osman NA, Ali S, Gholizadeh H, Wan Abas WA

Proc Inst Mech Eng H, 2015 Jul;229(7):491-8.
PMID: 26019139 DOI: 10.1177/0954411915587595

In recent years, computerized posturography has become an essential tool in quantitative assessment of postural steadiness in the clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to explore the ability of the Biodex(®) Stability System (BSS) to quantify postural steadiness in below-knee amputees. A convenience sample of 10 below-knee amputees participated in the study. The overall (OSI), anterior-posterior (APSI) and medial-lateral (MLSI) stability indexes as well as the percentage of time spent in left and right quadrants and four concentric zones were measured under altered sensory conditions while standing with solid ankle cushion heel (SACH), single-axis (SA) and energy storage and release (ESAR) feet. Significant difference was found between sensory conditions in SACH and ESAR feet for OSI (SACH, p = 0.002; ESAR, p = 0.005), APSI (SACH, p = 0.036; ESAR, p = 0.003) and MLSI (SACH, p = 0.008; ESAR, p = 0.05) stability indexes. The percentage of time spent in Zone A (0°-5°) was significantly greater than the other three concentric zones (p < 0.01). The loading time percentage on their intact limb (80%-94%) was significantly longer than the amputated limb (20%-6%) in all conditions for all three prosthetic feet. Below-knee amputees showed compromised postural steadiness when visual, proprioceptive or vestibular sensory input was altered. The findings highlight that the characteristics of postural stability in amputees can be clinically assessed by utilizing the outcomes produced by the BSS.

Matched MeSH terms: Amputees/rehabilitation*

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