Displaying publications 781 - 800 of 981 in total

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  1. Willoughby AR, de Zambotti M, Baker FC, Colrain IM
    Alcohol, 2020 May;84:1-7.
    PMID: 31539623 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.09.005
    There is evidence for impairment in both central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function with prolonged alcohol use. While these impairments persist into abstinence, partial recovery of function has been demonstrated in both systems during sleep. To investigate potential ANS dysfunction associated with cortical CNS responses (impairment in CNS-ANS coupling), we assessed phasic heart rate (HR) fluctuation associated with tones that did and those that did not elicit a K-complex (KC) during stable N2 non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in a group of 16 recently abstinent alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients (41.6 ± 8.5 years) and a group of 13 sex- and age-matched control participants (46.6 ± 9.3 years). Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data were recorded throughout the night. Alcohol consumption questionnaires were also administered to the AUD patients. AUD patients had elevated HR compared to controls at baseline prior to tone presentation. The HR fluctuation associated with KCs elicited by tone presentation was significantly smaller in amplitude, and tended to be delayed in time, in the AUD group compared with the control group, and the subsequent deceleration was also smaller in AUD patients. In both groups, the increase in HR was larger and occurred earlier when KCs were produced than when they were not, and there was no difference in the magnitude of the KC effect between groups. Phasic HR changes associated with KCs elicited by tones are impaired in AUD participants, reflecting ANS dysfunction possibly caused by an alteration of cardiac vagal trafficking. However, only the timing of the HR response was found to relate to estimated lifetime alcohol consumption in AUD. The clinical meaning and implications of these novel findings need to be determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate*
  2. Wong MH, Chee KH, Azman W
    Singapore Med J, 2009 Oct;50(10):e362-4.
    PMID: 19907876
    A 40-year-old Malay woman presented with increasing lethargy, palpitation and shortness of breath, 17 years after a mitral and aortic valve replacement. A Starr-Edwards prosthetic valve replaced the mitral valve, and a Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valve replaced the aortic valve. Biochemical parameters demonstrated intravascular haemolysis, as evidenced by haemoglobin 7.8 g/dL, reticulocyte count 8.4%, lactate dehydrogenase 2,057 IU/L and low haptoglobulin levels (less than 6 mg/dL). Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a paravalvular leakage over the mitral valve. The haemoglobin levels remained persistently low despite frequent blood transfusions. She successfully underwent a second mitral valve replacement. Her anaemia resolved subsequently.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects*
  3. Wong AR, Suhaimi H, Ridzuan MA, Rizal MM, Saedah A
    Singapore Med J, 2009 Oct;50(10):e358-61.
    PMID: 19907875
    We present two infants whose endovascular lines were accidentally cut or fractured, and had to be retrieved via transcatheter means in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory. The first case was a two-month-old infant with transposition of the great arteries, requiring an emergency balloon atrial septostomy. An indwelling vascular catheter that was placed in the right femoral vein was accidentally cut and had migrated into the inferior vena cava, before being retrieved. The second case was a one-week-old neonate who presented with pneumonia at birth, and had a long intravenous catheter placed in the left saphenous vein, which became fractured, and subsequently migrated into the heart. This case presented as a pulmonary embolus with haemodynamic instability, as the catheter had partially obstructed the right ventricular outflow tract. This was later retrieved via transcatheter means.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Ventricles/pathology
  4. Nik Lah NA, Che Yaakob CA, Othman MS, Nik Mahmood NM
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Dec;48(12):e335-7.
    PMID: 18043831
    Twin reverse arterial perfusion sequence occurs in approximately one percent of monochorionic twins. This condition is always fatal for the recipient twin and carries a high mortality rate for the pump twin. Various treatment options are described, but management is continually evolving with the publication of new data. We report an acardiac acephalic monochorionic twin who was diagnosed at 31 weeks gestation. Serial ultrasonographical examinations of the normal pump twin showed intrauterine growth restriction but with no evidence of heart failure. A healthy pump twin was delivered by caesarean section at 34 weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Defects, Congenital/ultrasonography*
  5. Pennie RA, Malik AS, Wilcox L
    J Clin Microbiol, 1996 May;34(5):1275-6.
    PMID: 8727917
    A 6-year-old boy presented to a university hospital in Malaysia with infective endocarditis complicating cyanotic congenital heart disease. Blood cultures showed a gram-positive, aerobic, coryneform-like bacillus identified by the hospital laboratory as Corynebacterium xerosis, but a reference laboratory identified the organism as a toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The two laboratories concurred on all biochemical test results except for sucrose fermentation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
  6. Ping WC, Keong CC, Bandyopadhyay A
    Indian J Med Res, 2010 Jul;132:36-41.
    PMID: 20693587
    Athletes in Malaysia need to perform in a hot and humid climate. Chronic supplementation of caffeine on endurance performance have been studied extensively in different populations. However, concurrent research on the effects of acute supplementation of caffeine on cardiorespiratory responses during endurance exercise in the Malaysian context especially in a hot and humid environment is unavailable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate/drug effects
  7. Eshkoor SA, Hamid TA, Nudin SS, Mun CY
    Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen, 2014 Feb;29(1):61-6.
    PMID: 24085252 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513505136
    This study aimed to determine the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), heart disease, social isolation, and sociodemographic factors on sleep in the elderly patients with dementia. Samples included 1210 noninstitutionalized, Malaysian elderly patients with dementia. The multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the risk of sleep disturbances among respondents. Approximately 41% of the patients experienced sleep problems. The results showed that age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02), social isolation (OR = 1.33), and HT (OR = 1.53) significantly increased sleep disruption in respondents (P heart disease, sex differences, and marital status were not significant predictors of sleep disturbances (P >.05). It was concluded that age, social isolation, and HT increased sleep disruption but education and ethnic non-Malay reduced the risk of sleep problems. Moreover, HT was the most important variable to increase sleep disturbances in the elderly patients with dementia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Diseases/epidemiology*
  8. Jasmin NH, Thin MZ, Johnson RD, Jackson LH, Roberts TA, David AL, et al.
    Adv Sci (Weinh), 2021 Jun;8(11):e2003987.
    PMID: 34105284 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003987
    Early measurements of tissue viability after myocardial infarction (MI) are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning but are challenging to obtain. Here, manganese, a calcium analogue and clinically approved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, is used as an imaging biomarker of myocardial viability in the first hours after experimental MI. Safe Mn2+ dosing is confirmed by measuring in vitro beating rates, calcium transients, and action potentials in cardiomyocytes, and in vivo heart rates and cardiac contractility in mice. Quantitative T1 mapping-manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) reveals elevated and increasing Mn2+ uptake in viable myocardium remote from the infarct, suggesting MEMRI offers a quantitative biomarker of cardiac inotropy. MEMRI evaluation of infarct size at 1 h, 1 and 14 days after MI quantifies myocardial viability earlier than the current gold-standard technique, late-gadolinium-enhanced MRI. These data, coupled with the re-emergence of clinical Mn2+ -based contrast agents open the possibility of using MEMRI for direct evaluation of myocardial viability early after ischemic onset in patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart/physiopathology
  9. Tan YY, Wade JD, Tregear GW, Summers RJ
    Br J Pharmacol, 1998 Feb;123(4):762-70.
    PMID: 9517397
    1. The receptors for relaxin in the rat atria and uterus were investigated and compared by use of a series of synthetic and native relaxin analogues. The assays used were the positive chronotropic and inotropic effects in rat spontaneously beating, isolated right atrium and electrically driven left atrium and the relaxation of K+ precontracted uterine smooth muscle. 2. Relaxin analogues with an intact A- and B-chain were active in producing powerful chronotropic and inotropic effects in the rat isolated atria at nanomolar concentrations. Single-chain analogues and structural homologues of relaxin such as human insulin and sheep insulin-like growth factor I had no agonist action and did not antagonize the effect of the B29 form of human gene 2 relaxin. 3. Shortening the B-chain carboxyl terminal of human gene 1 (B2-29) relaxin to B2-26 reduced the activity of the peptide and removal of another 2 amino acid residues (B2-24) abolished the activity. This suggests that the B-chain length may be important for determination of the activity of relaxin. More detailed studies are needed to determine the effect of progressive amino acid removal on the structure and the bioactivity of relaxin. 4. Porcine prorelaxin was as active as porcine relaxin on a molar basis, suggesting that the presence of the intact C-peptide did not affect the binding of the prorelaxin to the receptor to produce functional responses. 5. Relaxin caused relaxation of uterine longitudinal and circular smooth muscle precontracted with 40 mM K+. The pEC50 values for human gene 2 and porcine relaxins were lower than those in the atrial assay, but rat relaxin had similar pEC50 values in both atrial and uterine assays. Rat relaxin was significantly less potent than either human gene 2 or porcine relaxin in the atrial assay, but in the uterine assay they were equipotent. The results suggest that the relaxin receptor or the signalling pathway in rat atria may differ from that in the uterus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Atria/chemistry*
  10. Hoe SZ, Lee CN, Mok SL, Kamaruddin MY, Lam SK
    Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2011;66(1):143-50.
    PMID: 21437451
    INTRODUCTION: Gynura procumbens has been shown to decrease blood pressure via inhibition of the angiotensinconverting enzyme. However, other mechanisms that may contribute to the hypotensive effect have not been studied.

    OBJECTIVES: To investigate the cardiovascular effects of a butanolic fraction of Gynura procumbens in rats.

    METHODS: Anaesthetized rats were given intravenous bolus injections of butanolic fraction at doses of 2.5-20 mg/kg in vivo. The effect of butanolic fraction on vascular reactivity was recorded in isolated rat aortic rings in vitro.

    RESULTS: Intravenous administrations of butanolic fraction elicited significant (p < 0.001) and dose-dependent decreases in the mean arterial pressure. However, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the heart rate was observed only at the higher doses (10 and 20 mg/kg). In isolated preparations of rat aortic rings, phenylephrine (1 × 10⁻⁶ M)- or potassium chloride (8 × 10⁻² M)-precontracted endothelium-intact and -denuded tissue; butanolic fraction (1 × 10⁻⁶ - 1 × 10⁻¹ g/ml) induced similar concentration-dependent relaxation of the vessels. In the presence of 2.5 × 10⁻³ and 5.0 × 10⁻³ g/ml butanolic fraction, the contractions induced by phenylephrine (1 × 10⁻⁹-3 × 10⁻⁵ M) and potassium chloride (1 × 10⁻² - 8 × 10⁻² M) were significantly antagonized. The calcium-induced vasocontractions (1 × 10⁻⁴-1 × 10⁻²M) were antagonized by butanolic fraction concentration-dependently in calcium-free and high potassium (6×10⁻² M) medium, as well as in calcium- and potassium-free medium containing 1×10⁻⁶ M phenylephrine. However, the contractions induced by noradrenaline (1 × 10⁻⁶ M) and caffeine (4.5 × 10⁻² M) were not affected by butanolic fraction.

    CONCLUSION: Butanolic fraction contains putative hypotensive compounds that appear to inhibit calcium influx via receptor-operated and/or voltage-dependent calcium channels to cause vasodilation and a consequent fall in blood pressure.

    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate/drug effects
  11. Ladwig KH, Marten-Mittag B, Olliges E, Johar H, Atasoy S, Holdenrieder S, et al.
    J Affect Disord, 2025 Jan 15;369:174-181.
    PMID: 39321975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.146
    BACKGROUND: Leptin, an adipokine suspected to play a role in coronary artery disease (CAD), may also be associated with deteriorated mental health. We investigated the prospective impact of recurrent depressed mood (RDM) on heightened plasma leptin levels in CAD patients.

    METHODS: Derived from the randomized SPIRR-CAD trial, plasma leptin were measured by the Human Leptin DuoSet ELISA at baseline in 539 patients (including 115 (21.3 %) women and 424 (78.7 %) men) and in 373 participants after 18-months follow up (T3). RDM was based on the clinical course from baseline to follow-up assessed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Multivariate binary logistic regression models identified predictors for heightened leptin at T3.

    RESULTS: At baseline, highest leptin level (3rd tertile) was associated with type 2 diabetes (p = 0.009), heart failure symptoms (NYHA III) (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Failure/blood
  12. Gan GG, Phipps ME, Lee MM, Lu LS, Subramaniam RY, Bee PC, et al.
    Ann Hematol, 2011 Jun;90(6):635-41.
    PMID: 21110192 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-1119-6
    Within the Asian populations, Indian patients had been reported to require higher warfarin dose compared with the Chinese and Malay patients, and this could not entirely be explained by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9 gene variants. Genetic variants of vitamin K epoxide oxidase reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) has been well established as one of key determinants in the different responses of warfarin amongst patients. Adult patients who attended an anticoagulation clinic with stable INR were recruited. VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genotype were sequenced, and clinical characteristics were assessed. A total of 91 Malays, 96 Chinese, and 46 Indian patients were recruited. The mean age was 55 years and 51.5% were males. The mean dose of warfarin for all patients was 3.7 mg, and the mean daily dose of warfarin was significantly higher in Indians compared with the Chinese and Malay patients, 4.9 versus 3.5 and 3.3 mg, respectively (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Diseases/drug therapy*; Heart Diseases/ethnology; Heart Diseases/genetics; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/statistics & numerical data
  13. Freestone B, Rajaratnam R, Hussain N, Lip GY
    Int J Cardiol, 2003 Oct;91(2-3):233-8.
    PMID: 14559136
    BACKGROUND: There are established differences in cardiovascular disease in different racial groups. Worldwide, the literature regarding the clinical epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in non-white populations is scarce.

    OBJECTIVES: To document the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the multiracial population of Malaysia, and to describe the clinical features and management of these patients.

    SETTING: Busy city centre general hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, over a 1-month period.

    SUBJECTS: One-thousand four hundred and thirty-five acute medical admissions, of whom 40 patients (2.8%) had AF.

    RESULTS: Of 1435 acute medical admissions to Kuala Lumpur General Hospital over the 4-week study period, 40 had AF (21 male, 19 female; mean age 65 years). Of these, 18 were Malay, 16 Chinese and six Indian. Nineteen patients had previously known AF (seven with paroxysmal AF) and 21 were newly diagnosed cases. The principal associated medical conditions were ischaemic heart disease (42.5%), hypertension (40%) and heart failure (40%). Dyspnoea was the commonest presentation, whilst stroke was the cause of presentation in only two patients. Investigations were under-utilised, with chest X-ray and echocardiography in only 62.5% of patients and thyroid function checked in 15%. Only 16% of those with previously diagnosed AF were on warfarin, with a further three on aspirin. Anticoagulant therapy was started in 13.5% of patients previously not on warfarin, and aspirin in 8%. Records of contraindications to warfarin were unreliable, being identified in only 25%. For those with known AF, 58% were on digoxin. For new onset AF, digoxin was again the most common rate-limiting treatment, initiated in 38%, whilst five patients with new onset AF were commenced on amiodarone. DC cardioversion was not used in any of the patients with new onset AF.

    CONCLUSION: Amongst acute medical admissions to a single centre in Malaysia the prevalence of AF was 2.8%. Consistent with previous similar surveys in mainly western (caucasian) populations, standard investigations in this Malaysian cohort were also inadequate and there was underuse of anticoagulation, medication for ventricular rate control and cardioversion to sinus rhythm.

    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Atria/physiopathology; Heart Failure/diagnosis; Heart Failure/ethnology; Heart Failure/therapy
  14. Guru A, Issac PK, Velayutham M, Saraswathi NT, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J
    Mol Biol Rep, 2021 Jan;48(1):743-761.
    PMID: 33275195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06036-8
    Obesity is growing at an alarming rate, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue. It increases the probability of many health complications, such as diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disease, and cancer. In modern society, with a growing population of obese patients, several individuals have increased insulin resistance. Herbal medicines are known as the oldest method of health care treatment for obesity-related secondary health issues. Several traditional medicinal plants and their effective phytoconstituents have shown anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activity. Adipose tissue is a major site for lipid accumulation as well as the whole-body insulin sensitivity region. 3T3-L1 cell line model can achieve adipogenesis. Adipocyte characteristics features such as expression of adipocyte markers and aggregation of lipids are chemically induced in the 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 is an efficient and convenient way to obtain adipocyte like cells in experimental studies. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein α (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein α or C/EBPα) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation. Excess accumulation of these adipose tissues and lipids leads to obesity. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanism is important in the therapeutical approach. This review describes the cellular mechanism of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells on potential anti-adipogenic herbal bioactive compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Diseases/etiology; Heart Diseases/genetics; Heart Diseases/pathology; Heart Diseases/prevention & control*
  15. Dongworth RK, Mukherjee UA, Hall AR, Astin R, Ong SB, Yao Z, et al.
    Cell Death Dis, 2014 Feb 27;5:e1082.
    PMID: 24577080 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.41
    Novel therapeutic targets are required to protect the heart against cell death from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Mutations in the DJ-1 (PARK7) gene in dopaminergic neurons induce mitochondrial dysfunction and a genetic form of Parkinson's disease. Genetic ablation of DJ-1 renders the brain more susceptible to cell death following ischemia-reperfusion in a model of stroke. Although DJ-1 is present in the heart, its role there is currently unclear. We sought to investigate whether mitochondrial DJ-1 may protect the heart against cell death from acute IRI by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Overexpression of DJ-1 in HL-1 cardiac cells conferred the following beneficial effects: reduced cell death following simulated IRI (30.4±4.7% with DJ-1 versus 52.9±4.7% in control; n=5, P<0.05); delayed mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening (a critical mediator of cell death) (260±33 s with DJ-1 versus 121±12 s in control; n=6, P<0.05); and induction of mitochondrial elongation (81.3±2.5% with DJ-1 versus 62.0±2.8% in control; n=6 cells, P<0.05). These beneficial effects of DJ-1 were absent in cells expressing the non-functional DJ-1(L166P) and DJ-1(Cys106A) mutants. Adult mice devoid of DJ-1 (KO) were found to be more susceptible to cell death from in vivo IRI with larger myocardial infarct sizes (50.9±3.5% DJ-1 KO versus 41.1±2.5% in DJ-1 WT; n≥7, P<0.05) and resistant to cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning. DJ-1 KO hearts showed increased mitochondrial fragmentation on electron microscopy, although there were no differences in calcium-induced MPTP opening, mitochondrial respiratory function or myocardial ATP levels. We demonstrate that loss of DJ-1 protects the heart from acute IRI cell death by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. We propose that DJ-1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for cardioprotection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism; Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
  16. Nik Yusoff NS, Mustapha Z, Govindasamy C, Sirajudeen KN
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2013;2013:927214.
    PMID: 23766863 DOI: 10.1155/2013/927214
    Hypertension is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases and oxidative stress suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology. Antihypertensive drug Clonidine action in ameliorating oxidative stress was not well studied. Therefore, this study investigate the effect of Clonidine on oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) in SHR and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administered SHR. Male rats were divided into four groups [SHR, SHR+Clonidine (SHR-C), SHR+L-NAME, SHR+Clonidine+L-NAME(SHRC+L-NAME)]. Rats (SHRC) were administered with Clonidine (0.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) from 4 weeks to 28 weeks in drinking water and L-NAME (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) from 16 weeks to 28 weeks to SHRC+L-NAME. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured. At the end of 28 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and in their heart homogenate, oxidative stress parameters and NO was assessed. Clonidine treatment significantly enhanced the total antioxidant status (TAS) (P < 0.001) and reduced the thibarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (P < 0.001) and protein carbonyl content (PCO) (P < 0.05). These data suggest that oxidative stress is involved in the hypertensive organ damage and Clonidine not only lowers the SBP but also ameliorated the oxidative stress in the heart of SHR and SHR+L-NAME.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart/drug effects*; Heart/physiopathology
  17. Shahrudin MD, Noori SM
    Hepatogastroenterology, 1997 Mar-Apr;44(14):559-63.
    PMID: 9164537
    Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the non-operative treatment of acute pancreatic pseudocyst has been of hypothetical benefit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Atria; Heart Diseases/etiology
  18. Zainol Abidin IZ, Fazry S, Jamar NH, Ediwar Dyari HR, Zainal Ariffin Z, Johari AN, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 08 25;10(1):14165.
    PMID: 32843675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70962-7
    In Malaysia, Piper sarmentosum or 'kaduk' is commonly used in traditional medicines. However, its biological effects including in vivo embryonic toxicity and tissue regenerative properties are relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo toxicities and caudal fin tissue regeneration in the presence of P. sarmentosum aqueous extracts. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity of the extract were studied using GC-MS analysis and DPPH assay, respectively. Embryo toxicity tests involving survival, heartbeat, and morphological analyses were conducted to determine P. sarmentosum extract toxicity (0-60 µg/mL); concentrations of 0-400 µg/mL of the extract were used to study tissue regeneration in the zebrafish caudal fin. The extract contained several phytochemicals with antioxidant activity and exhibited DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 50.56 mg/mL). Embryo toxicity assays showed that a concentration of 60 μg/mL showed the highest rates of lethality regardless of exposure time. Slower embryogenesis was observed at 40 µg/mL, with non-viable embryos first detected at 50 µg/mL. Extracts showed significant differences (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart/drug effects; Heart/embryology
  19. Burgeiro A, Fuhrmann A, Cherian S, Espinoza D, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, et al.
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2016 Apr 01;310(7):E550-64.
    PMID: 26814014 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2015
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disease is a leading complication of diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue surrounding the heart displays biochemical, thermogenic, and cardioprotective properties. However, the metabolic cross-talk between epicardial fat and the myocardium is largely unknown. This study sought to understand epicardial adipose tissue metabolism from heart failure patients with or without diabetes. We aimed to unravel possible differences in glucose and lipid metabolism between human epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms involved in heart failure. Insulin-stimulated [(14)C]glucose uptake and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis were measured in isolated epicardial and subcutaneous adipocytes. The expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adipocytes. In addition, epicardial and subcutaneous fatty acid composition was analyzed by high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The difference between basal and insulin conditions in glucose uptake was significantly decreased (P= 0.006) in epicardial compared with subcutaneous adipocytes. Moreover, a significant (P< 0.001) decrease in the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was also observed when the two fat depots were compared, and it was strongly correlated with lipolysis, lipid storage, and inflammation-related gene expression. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of these tissues was significantly altered by diabetes. These results emphasize potential metabolic differences between both fat depots in the presence of heart failure and highlight epicardial fat as a possible therapeutic target in situ in the cardiac microenvironment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Failure/complications; Heart Failure/metabolism*
  20. Houston SA, Ugusman A, Gnanadesikan S, Kennedy S
    Platelets, 2017 May;28(3):295-300.
    PMID: 27681689 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1218456
    Succinobucol is a phenolic antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. Given the importance of oxidant stress in modulating platelet-platelet and platelet-vessel wall interactions, the aim of this study was to establish if antioxidant activity was responsible for the antiplatelet activity of succinobucol. Platelet aggregation in response to collagen and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was studied in rabbit whole blood and platelet-rich plasma using impedance aggregometry. The effect of oxidant stress on aggregation, platelet lipid peroxides, and vascular tone was studied by incubating platelets, washed platelets or preconstricted rabbit iliac artery rings respectively with a combination of xanthine and xanthine oxidase (X/XO). To study the effect of succinobucol in vivo, anaesthetized rats were injected with up to 150 mg/kg succinobucol and aggregation measured in blood removed 15 mins later. Succinobucol (10-5-10-4M) significantly attenuated platelet aggregation to collagen and ADP in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma. X/XO significantly increased aggregation to collagen and platelet lipid peroxides and this was reversed by succinobucol. Addition of X/XO to denuded rabbit iliac arteries caused a dose-dependent relaxation which was significantly inhibited by succinobucol. In vivo administration up to 150 mg/kg had no effect on heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure but significantly inhibited platelet aggregation to collagen ex vivo. In conclusion, succinobucol displays anti-platelet activity in rabbit and rat blood and reverses the increase in platelet aggregation in response to oxidant stress.
    Matched MeSH terms: Heart Rate/drug effects; Heart Rate/physiology
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