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Influence of post-harvest physiology on sensory perception, physical properties, and chemical compositions of Moris pineapples (Ananas comosus L.)

R SR, M E A, M M

J Food Sci, 2021 Sep;86(9):4159-4171.
PMID: 34383295 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15877

This study was conducted to evaluate consumer profiling of pineapple at five maturity stages using check-all-that-apply (CATA) method and to determine the influence of post-harvest physiological changes on the physical and chemical properties of the pineapple. Nineteen CATA terms describing sensory attributes of pineapples at five maturity stages were generated. Seventy-five consumers were involved in describing the changes in the organoleptic properties of pineapple using CATA questions. The relationship between physicochemical properties and sensory description of pineapples was analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA). The total variance of 97.7% and 92.2% obtained in the CA plot of the physical and chemical properties with the consumer profiling data suggests that consumers have effectively described the pineapple harvested at five maturity stages. Changes in physical and chemical compositions in pineapple upon maturation result in the development of pineapple's desirable organoleptic characteristics, characterized as fresh, attractive, and bright yellowish, with a soft, fibrous, and juicy texture, a sweet odor and pineapple aroma as well as sweet taste. Index 3 pineapple has been described as pale, hard, and crunchy in texture at the early stage of maturity and has a sour taste. The characteristic was transformed to bright yellow, soft, fibrous, and juicy texture after maturation, (25% ripeness onwards), as well as the production of sweet taste and aroma of pineapple. Instrument analysis of yellowness (b value) and carotenoid has strongly influenced the sensory attributes of brightness, freshness, and attractiveness of the pineapple. Changes in total soluble solids (TSS) and a ratio of TSS to total acids (TA) contributes to the development of aromatic compound which increases the appealing quality of the pineapple. Pineapple sensory characteristics, physical properties, and chemical compositions were significantly affected by post-harvest physiology. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Sensory and instrumental methods were used to construct the properties of pineapple at different stages of post-harvest physiology. This article demonstrates that the Check-all-that-apply (CATA) analysis provides adequate sensory profiling information based on customer perceptions in relation to instrumental details, and it can be extended to other pineapple varieties and citrus fruits.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Re: No room for womb: a rare cause of mechanic large bowel obstruction

Kadir F, Soe MZ, Hayati F, Fahmy EHAM, Aung T

ANZ J Surg, 2021 10;91(10):2225.
PMID: 34665502 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17061
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Re: benign free air under the diaphragm: a case of pneumatosis cystoides coli

Hayati F, Wong MJJ, Jailani RF, Ng CY

ANZ J Surg, 2021 10;91(10):2226.
PMID: 34665495 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17088
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Association between diabetes mellitus and mortality among patients with tuberculosis

Brož J, Jarošová B, Salih SFA, Brabec M, Salih FMA

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 2019 05 01;23(5):638.
PMID: 31097076 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0796
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Which antiseizure medications are effective for absence seizure in children and adolescents? A Cochrane Review summary with commentary

Chan SC, Patrick Engkasan J

Dev Med Child Neurol, 2021 10;63(10):1140-1141.
PMID: 34309841 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15001
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Vaccination-hesitancy and vaccination-inequality as challenges in Pakistan's COVID-19 response

Perveen S, Akram M, Nasar A, Arshad-Ayaz A, Naseem A

J Community Psychol, 2022 Mar;50(2):666-683.
PMID: 34217150 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22652

This study explores the mechanism for timely and equitable distribution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among the various communities in Pakistan. It examines the factors that support and/or impede peoples' access and response towards COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan. The study uses a literature synthesis approach to examine and analyze the situation of the COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan. The research results show "hesitancy" and "inequality" as two fundamental challenges that hinder the successful delivery of COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan. People are reluctant to use vaccines due to conspiracy theories and religious beliefs. However, inequality, especially unequal accessibility to all social groups appears to be a more significant barrier to getting a vaccine. We argue that there is a need to mobilize community influence, social media, and mass media campaigns for public education on vaccination programs along with the engagement of religious leaders to endorse the vaccination for the masses. The area of this study is underdeveloped; thereby, future studies are recommended to investigate the possible way for equitable distribution of vaccines in multiple regions.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Current trends in polymerase chain reaction based detection of three major human pathogenic vibrios

Bonny SQ, Hossain MAM, Uddin SMK, Pulingam T, Sagadevan S, Johan MR

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2022;62(5):1317-1335.
PMID: 33146031 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841728

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus are the most significant aquatic pathogens of the genera Vibrio, account for most Vibrio-associated outbreaks worldwide. Rapid identification of these pathogens is of great importance for disease surveillance, outbreak investigations and food safety maintenance. Traditional culture dependent methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive whereas culture-independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assays are reliable, consistent, rapid and reproducible. This review covers the recent development and applications of PCR based techniques, which have accelerated advances in the analysis of nucleic acids to identify three major pathogenic vibrios. Emphasis has been given to analytical approaches as well as advantages and limits of the available methods. Overall, this review article possesses the substantial merit to be used as a reference guide for the researchers to develop improved PCR based techniques for the differential detection and quantification of Vibrio species.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Public Health to Bound Back in the Year of the Tiger

Binns C, Yun Low W

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2022 01;34(1):5-6.
PMID: 34894767 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211065827
Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Tempting mushroom with deadly bites - "Dinner that almost kill my family" - case series of Chlorophyllum molybdites mushroom poisoning

Palanimuthu B, ldrose A, Sabaratnam V

Malaysian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2016;1(2):3.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Beyond Pattern Recognition: Radiology-Pathology-Clinical Correlation

Wong KT, Tan CT, Lim T

Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 2023 Feb;33(1):225-233.
PMID: 36404045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.07.018

Radiology-pathology correlation is essential for multidisciplinary collaboration in diagnosis and understanding the mechanism of CNS damage in infectious processes. The microscopic acute inflammatory processes are well established and are supplemented by a variety of less-invasive microbial and immunohistochemical investigations. Understanding the pathogenesis of pathogen spread and neuroinvasion, vascular and immune-mediated brain, and spinal cord damage are essential for interpreting radiological images.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Can Natural Products Targeting EMT Serve as the Future Anticancer Therapeutics?

Anwar S, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Kameshwar VA, Alanazi J, Alamri A, et al.

Molecules, 2022 Nov 08;27(22).
PMID: 36431766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227668

Cancer is the leading cause of death and has remained a big challenge for the scientific community. Because of the growing concerns, new therapeutic regimens are highly demanded to decrease the global burden. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, drug resistance is still a major hurdle to successful treatment. The primary challenge should be identifying and developing appropriate therapeutics for cancer patients to improve their survival. Multiple pathways are dysregulated in cancers, including disturbance in cellular metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, or epigenetic alterations. Over the last two decades, natural products have been a major research interest due to their therapeutic potential in various ailments. Natural compounds seem to be an alternative option for cancer management. Natural substances derived from plants and marine sources have been shown to have anti-cancer activity in preclinical settings. They might be proved as a sword to kill cancerous cells. The present review attempted to consolidate the available information on natural compounds derived from plants and marine sources and their anti-cancer potential underlying EMT mechanisms.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Surgical subspecialty training outside Malaysia during COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives and experiences of Trainees

Tan YL, Ng EHB, Diong NC

Med J Malaysia, 2021 11;76(6):906-908.
PMID: 34806681

Subspecialty surgical training is an integral part of continuous professional development. It represents a unique opportunity for surgeons to enhance and develop specific advanced skills in their sub-disciplines. Hence, hands-on training in an international training centre abroad allows one to bring home new technical and management skills in the expansion of Malaysian surgical services to raise to be on par with the international standards. The unexpected onset of the COVID-19 pandemic brought in previously unknown hindrances to the training both locally and abroad but our success in engagement with international centres despite the pandemic restrictions serves as a valuable experience towards maintaining international networking for future collaborations.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
A comprehensive literature search to identify existing measures assessing "concentration" as a core outcome domain for sound-based interventions for chronic subjective tinnitus in adults

Shabbir M, Akeroyd MA, Hall DA

Prog Brain Res, 2021;262:209-224.
PMID: 33931180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.027

The Core Outcome Measures in Tinnitus (COMiT) initiative has recommended a minimum standard of five outcomes when designing a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of sound-based interventions. These are: ability to ignore, concentration, quality of sleep, sense of control and tinnitus intrusiveness. The next stage is to consider what measurement instruments might be appropriate for assessing these constructs. The current study aimed to systematically gather existing instruments used to assess concentration. A total of 6240 potentially relevant records were identified. Duplicates and non-published works were removed, leaving a total of 3599 records. A procedure was developed to sample a subset of records, in order to identify relevant instruments without exhaustively reading all 3599 texts. Initially 559 records were identified by screening 1000 articles; 500 of which were randomly selected, and 500 were the most recent publications identified from the PubMed database. Using predefined criteria for data saturation, information about measures of concentration was extracted from the 559 full texts. However, data saturation was reached by 240. Thirteen candidate instruments were identified. The next step will be to assess content validity and feasibility of administration for all these candidate instruments. Findings will inform future recommendations for how to measure concentration in clinical trials to ensure results of trials can be easily compared, contrasted, and synthesized.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
The Effectiveness of Educational Intervention in Improving Primary Health-Care Service Providers' Knowledge, Identification, and Management of Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review

Mydin FHM, Yuen CW, Othman S

Trauma Violence Abuse, 2021 10;22(4):944-960.
PMID: 31823685 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019889359

Elder abuse and neglect (EAN) occurrence is expected to increase in many countries due to rapidly aging populations, yet it is still unrecognized and underreported. Gaps were identified in the knowledge and skills to intervene EAN among health-care service providers. It is still unclear whether educating health-care service providers on EAN improve the identification and management of EAN cases. A systematic review was conducted on the effectiveness of educational intervention designed to improve primary health-care service providers' (PHSPs) knowledge, attitude, and practice in managing EAN cases. We performed a comprehensive and systematic search for original studies in the following major electronic databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL) and specialist registers (Cochrane Central Controlled Trials Register) with a set of search terms. Studies included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on EAN education intervention that aimed to improve knowledge, attitude, and management skills of the PHSPs. There were no publication period restrictions until June 2018 and written in English. Overall, three RCTs and 10 observational studies were selected. These studies were grouped based on the type of the study, methodological quality (six moderate risk of bias and seven serious risk of bias), and the type of educational intervention (seven face-to-face educational intervention, two educational videos, two simulation-based training, and two online educational training). The education programs in the selected studies range from brief didactic to experiential learning. EAN educational intervention among primary care service providers potentially result in increasing awareness and knowledge on EAN. However, there is a lack of evidence on the changes of attitude and practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Review of early circulating biomolecules associated with diabetes nephropathy - Ideal candidates for early biomarker array test for DN

Quan KY, Yap CG, Jahan NK, Pillai N

Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2021 Dec;182:109122.
PMID: 34742785 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109122

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the catastrophic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 45% of DN patients progressed to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) which robs casualties of the quality of live. The challenge in early diagnosis of DN is it is asymptomatic in the early phase. Current gold standard test for screening and diagnosis of DN are nonspecific and are not sensitive in detecting DN early enough and subsequently monitor renal function during management and intervention plans. Recent studies reported various biomolecules which are associated with the onset of DN in T2DM using cutting-edge technologies. These biomolecules could be potential early biomarkers for DN. This review selectively identified potential early serum biomolecules which are potential candidates for developing an Early Biomarker Array Test for DN.
METHODS: An advanced literature search was conducted on 4 online databases. Search terms used were "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2", "Diabetic nephropathy", "pathogenesis" and "early biomarker. Filters were applied to capture articles published from 2010 to 2020, written in English, human or animal models and focused on serum biomolecules associated with DN.
RESULTS: Five serum biomolecules have been evidently described as contributing pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of DN. MiR-377, miR-99b, CYP2E1, TGF-β1 and periostin are potential candidates for designing an early biomarker array for screening and diagnosis of early stages of DN. The five shortlisted biomolecules originates from endogenous biochemical processes which are specific to the progressive pathophysiology of DN.
CONCLUSION: miR-377, miR-99b, CYP2E1, TGF-β1 and periostin are potential candidate biomolecules for diagnosing DN at the early phases and can be developed into a panel of endogenous biomarkers for early detection of DN in patients with T2DM. The outcomes of this study will be a stepping stone towards planning and developing an early biomarker array test for diabetic nephropathy. The proposed panel of early biomarkers for DN has potential of stratifying the stages of DN because each biomolecule appears at distinct stages in the pathophysiology of DN.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext The effect of exercise on balance in patients with stroke, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Salari N, Hayati A, Kazeminia M, Rahmani A, Mohammadi M, Fatahian R, et al.

Neurol Sci, 2022 Jan;43(1):167-185.
PMID: 34709478 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05689-y

BACKGROUND: Stroke, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis are a range of diseases affecting the nervous system and show balance impairments due to damage of the balance control system. Many early articles have been published on the effect of exercise on balance in patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases. However, a comprehensive study showing a clear result of these three diseases was not found. Hence, the purpose of the present meta-analysis and systematic review is to determine the effect of exercise on balance in people with stroke, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis.
METHODS: According to the PRISMA 2009 multi-step instructions, keywords related to the purpose of the research were browsed in the MeSH browser databases; IranDoc, MagIran, IranMedex, SID, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WoS), ProQuest, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to extract articles published in Persian and English language. The search process for retrieving the articles in the sources mentioned from January 01, 2000, to December 30, 2020, was done. The heterogeneity index of the studies was determined using the I2 test. Given the heterogeneity, the random-effects model was used to combine the articles and the results.
RESULTS: Initially, 7067 articles were found, but after removing duplicate and irrelevant articles, 96 clinical trials with a sample size of the intervention group of 1760 people were included in the study. As a result of the articles' composition, the mean balance score index after exercise in the intervention group showed a significant increase of 0.67 ± 0.12 of the unit (P˂0.01). The highest rate of increase in the balance score after the intervention was reported in patients with myelomeningocele with 1.66 ± 0.3 unit (P˂0.01).
CONCLUSION: Considering the positive effect of using exercise on increasing the balance in patients with stroke, Parkinson, and multiple sclerosis, it is recommended that health care providers implement a regular exercise program to improve the condition of these patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Occupational hazard in Malaysian traffic police: special focus on air pollutants

Mohamad Jamil PAS, Karuppiah K, Rasdi I, How V, Mohd Tamrin SB, Mani KKC, et al.

Rev Environ Health, 2021 Jun 25;36(2):167-176.
PMID: 33594842 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0107

This paper provides a specific deliberation on occupational hazards confronted daily by Malaysian Traffic Police. Traffic police is a high-risk occupation that involves a wide range of tasks and, indirectly, faced with an equally wide variety of hazards at work namely, physical, biological, psychosocial, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. Thereupon, occupational injuries, diseases, and even death are common in the field. The objective of this paper is to collate and explain the major hazards of working as Malaysian traffic police especially in Point Duty Unit, their health effects, and control measures. There are many ways in which these hazards can be minimised by ensuring that sufficient safety measures are taken such as a wireless outdoor individual exposure indicator system for the traffic police. By having this system, air monitoring among traffic police may potentially be easier and accurate. Other methods of mitigating these unfortunate events are incorporated and addressed in this paper according to the duty and needs of traffic police.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Tinnitus and tinnitus disorder: Theoretical and operational definitions (an international multidisciplinary proposal)

De Ridder D, Schlee W, Vanneste S, Londero A, Weisz N, Kleinjung T, et al.

Prog Brain Res, 2021;260:1-25.
PMID: 33637213 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.12.002

As for hypertension, chronic pain, epilepsy and other disorders with particular symptoms, a commonly accepted and unambiguous definition provides a common ground for researchers and clinicians to study and treat the problem. The WHO's ICD11 definition only mentions tinnitus as a nonspecific symptom of a hearing disorder, but not as a clinical entity in its own right, and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V doesn't mention tinnitus at all. Here we propose that the tinnitus without and with associated suffering should be differentiated by distinct terms: "Tinnitus" for the former and "Tinnitus Disorder" for the latter. The proposed definition then becomes "Tinnitus is the conscious awareness of a tonal or composite noise for which there is no identifiable corresponding external acoustic source, which becomes Tinnitus Disorder "when associated with emotional distress, cognitive dysfunction, and/or autonomic arousal, leading to behavioural changes and functional disability.". In other words "Tinnitus" describes the auditory or sensory component, whereas "Tinnitus Disorder" reflects the auditory component and the associated suffering. Whereas acute tinnitus may be a symptom secondary to a trauma or disease, chronic tinnitus may be considered a primary disorder in its own right. If adopted, this will advance the recognition of tinnitus disorder as a primary health condition in its own right. The capacity to measure the incidence, prevalence, and impact will help in identification of human, financial, and educational needs required to address acute tinnitus as a symptom but chronic tinnitus as a disorder.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Web-based discussion forums reveal the person-centered relevance and importance of tinnitus

Hall DA, Hibbert A, Vesala M, Kerr M, Harrison S, Core Outcome Measures in Tinnitus (COMiT)

Prog Brain Res, 2021;260:205-221.
PMID: 33637218 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.12.001

An increasing number of health researchers are recognizing the benefits of crowdsourcing. Web-based discussion forums are well suited for collecting qualitative research data with tinnitus participants and forum posts can be evaluated using thematic analysis. The present study reports an innovative use of such qualitative data contributed by a group of 148 people with tinnitus and tinnitus professionals through the crowdsourcing platform Tinnitus Talk. While the primary research question was focused on defining symptom concepts, discussions were broad-ranging and extended far beyond this topic. Thematic analysis of the discussion conducted by two analysts identified three novel emerging themes and these were not pre-planned according to the moderator's script. These were (i) the lived experience of tinnitus, (ii) perspectives on interventions for tinnitus, and (iii) the experience of participating in a web discussion forum. These unexpected themes contribute to a richer and more in-depth understanding of tinnitus seen through the eyes of those who experience it on a daily basis. Findings are important since spontaneous themes presumably reflect issues that are of personal relevance and importance to the participants. They therefore give insights into future research directions and have implications for patient-centered counseling strategies that could be effective in clinic.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans
Fulltext Reduction in Absolute Neutrophil Counts in Patient on Clozapine Infected with COVID-19

Ramli FF, Ali A, Syed Hashim SA, Kamisah Y, Ibrahim N

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 10 27;18(21).
PMID: 34769806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111289

Despite its severe adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis, clozapine is the primary treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The established clozapine monitoring system has contributed to reducing agranulocytosis incidence and mortality rates. However, the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused changes in the monitoring system. This review aimed to assess the current evidence on the neutrophil changes in the patient on clozapine treatment and infected with COVID-19. Individual cases reported various absolute neutrophil count (ANC) levels, normal, reduced, or elevated. No agranulocytosis case was reported. One case had a borderline moderate-severe ANC level, but the patient was in the 18-week period of clozapine treatment. A cumulative analysis of case the series initially reported inconclusive results. However, a more recent study with a larger sample size reported a significant reduction in the ANC during COVID-19 infection. Nevertheless, this effect is transient as no significant difference was found between the baseline and the post-infection period in ANC levels. In conclusion, COVID-19 is associated with a temporary reduction in ANC levels. The results supported the recommendation to reduce the frequency of clozapine monitoring in the eligible candidates. However, more data are required to confirm the current findings given the limitations, including study design, sample size, and statistical analysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

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