MyMedR

The goat as a model for studies of pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida

Zamri-Saad M, Effendy WM, Maswati MA, Salim N, Sheikh-Omar AR

Br. Vet. J., 1996 Jul;152(4):453-8.

A model of pneumonic pasteurellosis has been established in goats using Pasteurella multocida harvested from pneumonic lungs of goats (types A and D), rabbits (type A) and sheep (type D). The resultant infections were acute, subacute or chronic. The gross and histological lesions of the subacute and chronic infections were typical of pneumonic pasteurellosis. P. multocida type D produced significantly (P < 0.01) more severe lesions when compared with other isolates. There were strong correlations between the clinical signs and the severity of lesions.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal*

Fulltext Chronic osteomyelitis due to Burkholderia pseudomallei

Kareem BA, Aiyar S, Marshal DS

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):116.

PMID: 7752966

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease

Fulltext Acute suppurative dacryoadenitis

Krishnasamy M, Chandran S

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Jun;42(2):137-8.

PMID: 3503190

Acute dacroadenitis is a rare condition. This case illustrates the acute onset, typical pain and tenderness in the upper outer eye of an enlarged lacrimal gland with purulent discharge. Good response to antibiotics is usual.

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Cardiovascular disease in a West Malaysian town. A survey in general practice

Balasundaram R

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1970;64(4):607-14.

PMID: 5485621 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(70)90085-4

The pattern and incidence of cardiovascular disease was studied in a general practice in an urban-rural area in the west coast of West Malaysia. Hypertension, rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease accounted for 85% of the 476 patients with evidence of cardiovascular disease. Ischaemic heart disease, arteriosclerotic heart disease and other conditions accounted for the rest. Emphasis is laid on the salient features of incidence in general practice. Comparison is made with previous clinical and pathological studies from this region.
Study site: General practjce clinic, Telok Anson [Teluk Intan], District of Lower Perak, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease/epidemiology; Rheumatic Heart Disease/epidemiology

Acute arterial embolism

Saw HS

Med J Malaysia, 1977 Dec;32(2):157-60.

PMID: 614484

Matched MeSH terms: Acute Disease

Fulltext Anatomical variations of thenar muscle of hand, among Cadavers In Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Che Norma Mat Taib, Jegathis Prushothuman, Muhammad Adib Farhan Abdullah, Mohamad Aris, Mohd Moklas

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(107):86-86.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Detailed information of structural and functional anatomy of thenar muscle is very significant in order to improve diagnostic and various conditions of hand surgeries so that the function of hand movement can be re-stored and to prevent further iatrogenic injuries. Methods: In this study, fifty hands were dissected to determine the variation in each of the thenar muscle. Results: Only the abductor pollicis brevis showed significant findings. Normal formation of one belly in abductor pollicis brevis represented 72.0% (18) and 84.0% (21) for the left and right hands, respectively. Variations according to the number of belly of the abductor pollicis brevis were also observed. One of the variations is the absence of the abductor pollicis brevis, 4.0% (1) in the right hand. Two belly formations of abductor pollicis brevis were observed, 28.0% (7) and 12.0% (3) for left and right sides of hand respectively. Thus, more variations were observed to occur on the left hand (7) compared to the right hand (4). Many studies describe about the variations of each thenar muscle, but few literatures were found discussing on the association of thenar muscle variation with the sides of hand. Using the Fisher Exact Test, it showed that there was no significant associa-tion of variations in the thenar muscle in relation to the sides of hand. Conclusion: This study conclude that there is no consistency between variations of the thenar muscle in relation to the sides of hand. However, clinical awareness of these variations is important in the context of compartment syndrome, use of the aberrant structures as grafting material in reconstructive surgery and proper interpretation of imaging modalities.

Matched MeSH terms: Iatrogenic Disease

Fulltext Fractal-Fractional Mathematical Model Addressing the Situation of Corona Virus in Pakistan

Shah K, Arfan M, Mahariq I, Ahmadian A, Salahshour S, Ferrara M

Results Phys, 2020 Dec;19:103560.

PMID: 33200064 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2020.103560

This work is the consideration of a fractal fractional mathematical model on the transmission and control of corona virus (COVID-19), in which the total population of an infected area is divided into susceptible, infected and recovered classes. We consider a fractal-fractional order

SIR

type model for investigation of Covid-19. To realize the transmission and control of corona virus in a much better way, first we study the stability of the corresponding deterministic model using next generation matrix along with basic reproduction number. After this, we study the qualitative analysis using "fixed point theory" approach. Next, we use fractional Adams-Bashforth approach for investigation of approximate solution to the considered model. At the end numerical simulation are been given by matlab to provide the validity of mathematical system having the arbitrary order and fractal dimension.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility

Meteorological multivariable approximation and prediction with classical VAR-DCC approach

Siti Mariam Norrulashikin, Fadhilah Yusof, Ibrahim Lawal Kane

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:409-417.

The vector autoregressive (VAR) approach is useful in many situations involving model development for multivariables
time series. VAR model was utilised in this study and applied in modelling and forecasting four meteorological variables.
The variables are n rainfall data, humidity, wind speed and temperature. However, the model failed to address the
heteroscedasticity problem found in the variables, as such, multivariate GARCH, namely, dynamic conditional correlation
(DCC) was incorporated in the VAR model to confiscate the problem of heteroscedasticity. The results showed that the use
of the VAR coupled with the recognition of time-varying variances DCC produced good forecasts over long forecasting
horizons as compared with VAR model alone.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors

Fulltext Life After Covid19: The New Normal

Mohd Yusof Ibrahim, Sadia Choudhury Shimmi

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(2):1-3.

MyJurnal

“If you hear of an outbreak of plague in a land, do not enter it; if the plague breaks out in a place while you are in it, do not leave that place”, reported by Sahih Al-Bukhari. This was the phrase quoted by Prophet Muhammad 14 centuries ago concerning both in disease spread and prevention. The relevancy of this statement is now widely seen and surge by the social media in a hashtag of “stay home” on an international level due to pandemic of COVID-19 disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks

Fulltext Molecular and pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Fadhilah AS, Kai TH, Lokman HI, Yasmin NAR, Hafandi A, Hasliza AH, et al.

Poult Sci, 2020 Jun;99(6):2937-2943.

PMID: 32475428 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.026

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection is highly infectious respiratory disease in poultry industry with significant economic importance. The prevalence of IBV in quail industry in Malaysia was not well documented; therefore, its actual role in the epidemiology of the disease is relatively unknown. This study was to determine the susceptibility of Japanese quail, as one of the species in commercial poultry industry, toward IBV. In addition, it will also give a potential impact on the overall health management in the quail industry even though it had been established that quail are resistant to diseases affecting poultry. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first experimental study on IBV inoculation in quail. In this experimental study, 20 quails were divided into 4 groups (n = 5 for group A, B, and C, n = 5 for control group). The quails in group A, B, and C were infected via intraocular and intranasal routes with 0.2 mL of 10 × 5 EID50 of the virus. Clinical signs, gross lesions, positive detection of virus, and trachea histopathological scoring were used to assess the susceptibility of these Japanese quails. The results have indicated mild ruffled feathers and watery feces in these inoculated birds. Trachea, lung, and kidney were subjected to one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for virus detection. The virus was found from trachea and lung samples, whereas it was absent from all kidney samples. Only 3 quails were found with gross lesions. There was a significant difference of tracheal lesion by 0.009 ± 0.845 (P < 0.05) within the treatment groups. In summary, Japanese quails might be susceptible to IBV.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Susceptibility/epidemiology; Disease Susceptibility/veterinary*; Disease Susceptibility/virology

The economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the USA, Europe, and Asia: results from a systematic review of the literature

Anees Ur Rehman, Ahmad Hassali MA, Muhammad SA, Shah S, Abbas S, Hyder Ali IAB, et al.

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res, 2020 Dec;20(6):661-672.

PMID: 31596632 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2020.1678385

Background: Lack of information about economic burden of COPD is a major cause of lack of attention to this chronic condition from governments and policymakers. Objective: To find the economic burden of COPD in Asia, USA and Europe, and to identify the key cost driving factors in management of COPD patients. Methodology: Relevant studies assessing the cost of COPD from patient perspective or societal perspective were retrieved by thoroughly searching PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, SCOPUS, and SAGE Premier Databases. Results: In the USA annual per patient direct medical cost and hospitalization cost were reported as $10,367 and $6852, respectively. In Asia annual per patient direct medical cost in Iran, Korea and Singapore was reported as $1544, $3077, and $2335, respectively. However, annual per patient hospitalization cost in Iran, Korea, Singapore, India, China, and Turkey was reported as $865, $1371, $1868, $296, $1477 and $1031, respectively. In Europe annual per patient direct medical cost was reported as $11,787, $10,552, $8644, $8203, $7760, $3190, $1889, $2162, and $2254 in Norway, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Greece, Spain, Belgium, and Serbia, respectively. Conclusion: Limiting the disease to early stage and preventing exacerbations may reduce the cost of management of COPD.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/economics*; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy

Fulltext Sonographic measurement of the thickness of subcutaneous tissue and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Abdul Sattar Arif Khammas, Hasyma Abu Hassan

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;14(1):29-38.

MyJurnal

The most common cause of the chronic liver disease is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to compare a mean subcutaneous tissue thickness (SCTT) and hepatic echo-intensity attenuation rate (HEIAR) among NAFLD grades. Sonography was carried out on 628 consecutive subjects. The distance between the skin surface and the liver capsule was measured and was labelled the SCTT. Also, the ultrasound of HEIAR was retrospectively quantified on an image archiving. HEIAR was calculated as the difference between mean intensity of echo for two regions of interest (ROIs) in near- and far-fields divided by the distance between these two ROIs multiply by frequency of the probe. Of the 628, 235 subjects were diagnosed with NAFLD. The age range was 45 – 75 years with mean 54.5 ± 6.7 years. There was a significant difference of mean SCTT among NAFLD grades (p

Matched MeSH terms: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Effects of utterance rate and length on the spatiotemporal index in Parkinson's disease

Chu SY, Barlow SM, Lee J, Wang J

Int J Speech Lang Pathol, 2020 04;22(2):141-151.

PMID: 31213093 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2019.1622781

Purpose: To characterise labial articulatory pattern variability using the spatiotemporal index (STI) in speakers with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) across different speaking rates and syllable-sentence conditions compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Method: Ten speakers with mild-severe idiopathic PD and 10 controls produced "pa" and the Rainbow Passage at slow, typical and fast speech rates. Upper lip and lower lip kinematics were digitised during a motion capture system. Data were analysed using linear mixed modelling.Result: Regardless of the participant group, a high STI value was observed in the fast speech rate for the "pa" syllable condition, particularly for movements of the lower lip. As utterance rate increased, the control group showed the highest variability, followed by PD OFF and PD ON conditions. Syllable "pa" showed a greater STI value compared to both the first and second utterance of Rainbow Passage.Conclusion: PD manifests sufficient residual capacity to achieve near-normal motor compensation to preserve the consistency of lower lip movements during speech production. The lack of a significant difference in lip STI values between ON-OFF medication states suggests that dopaminergic treatment does not influence stability of speech for individuals with mild-moderate stage PD.

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease

Fulltext Effects of virgin coconut oil as adjunct therapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Nazli Zainuddin, Nurul Azira Mohd Shah, Rosdan Salim

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1:22-28.

The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial.
Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in
addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of
consumption of virgin coconut oil.

Matched MeSH terms: Iatrogenic Disease

Fulltext Study on the distribution and abundance of Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus in different environment settings for highrise buildings

Zuhainy Ahmad Zhaki, Nazri Che Dom, Ibrahim Ahmed Alhothily

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):91-98.

MyJurnal

Vector surveillance in high-rise buildings is important to predict and monitor the presence of vectors regarding their abundance and distribution. In this study, the infestation profile of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species in different environmental settings were investigated. Methods: Four high-rise apartments in four different localities were selected for ovitrap surveillance. Fifty ovitraps were placed in semi indoor and outdoor settings. Results: A total of 507 (42.8%) from ovitraps showed the presence of the Aedes species larvae. Out of these, 170 (33.5%) of the positive ovitraps were those placed in semi indoor and 337 (66.5%) in outdoor. Of the total 16,613 Aedes larvae found, 4,130 (24.9%) were from semi indoor, and 12,483 (75.1%) from outdoor. In terms of distribution, Ae. albopictus was predominantly found in outdoor environments (POI=87.5%; MLT=36.45 larvae). Ae. aegypti was also found in outdoor environments (POI=14.89%; MLT=8.26 larvae). There was a significant difference in POI for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the two different environments but no significant difference was observed in MLT, indicating that the density of the Aedes species in both environments was well distributed. Conclusion: In this study, the patterns of Aedes habitat in high-rise apartments were observed. This study has shown an invasion and adaptation of Aedes mosquitoes into the ecosystems of high-rise buildings. It can be concluded that housing designs and the condition of the surrounding environment affects the infestation profile and the distribution of Aedes mosquitoes.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors

Fulltext Coconut water as an alternative of radiographic contrast media: a preliminary study

Nurul Nadiah Norasip, Inayatullah Shah Sayed

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2018;2(1):204-214.

MyJurnal

Radiographic contrast medium is primarily used to enhance the contrast of the internal structure in diagnostic imaging. However, the adverse reactions of administration of contrast media have become a great concern and challenge since it can affect the life of patient. Even though some safety
measurements have been highlighted by several studies, still, the occurrence of adverse effects of contrast media is one of the issues in medical imaging. There are several similar properties between the young coconut water and contrast media used in radiography. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate whether the young coconut water be used as an alternative to contrast media.

Matched MeSH terms: Iatrogenic Disease

Fulltext Movement control as an effective measure against Covid-19 spread in Malaysia: an overview

Tang KHD

Z Gesundh Wiss, 2020 Jun 13.

PMID: 32837842 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01316-w

Aim: The first Covid-19 cases were reported in Malaysia on 25 January 2019 followed by a quiescent period before an upward swing of the cases at the end of February 2020, partly attributed to mass gathering during a religious event. This short communication aims to provide an overview of the measures taken by the Malaysian Government in response to Covid-19, and of the effectiveness of the Movement Control Order.

Subjects and methods: This short communication reviews articles and government announcements related to containment measures and the Movement Control Order of Malaysia, and graphically presents data pertinent to Covid-19 in Malaysia in order to show the relationship between fluctuations in Covid-19 cases and movement control.

Results: At the onset of the Covid-19 outbreak, Malaysia had initiated travel restrictions and quarantine; but with a persistent increase in new Covid-19 cases, the Movement Control Order was finally rolled out on 18 March 2020, requiring closure of all businesses except those providing essential services and items. Enforcement of the order was tightened progressively, resulting in significant improvement of compliance, while other interventions such as tracking of potential contacts and medical screening were underway, and the media continued to provide updates and general advices. The numbers of new and active Covid-19 cases started showing evident downtrends from mid-April, thus indicating the effectiveness of movement control and its compliance.

Conclusion: The article provides insight into crucial factors contributing to the success of movement control to effectively contain Covid-19, and highlights the need to prevent future upsurge through continuous monitoring and enforcement.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks

Evaluation of factors influencing the development of late Marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: virus pathotype and host sex

Faiz NM, Cortes AL, Guy JS, Fletcher OJ, Cimino T, Gimeno IM

Avian Pathol, 2017 Aug;46(4):376-385.

PMID: 28151004 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1290214

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphoma and immunosuppression in chickens. MDV-induced immunosuppression (MDV-IS) is complex and can be divided into two phases: early-MDV-IS associated with cytolytic infection in the lymphoid organs in chickens lacking maternal antibodies against MDV (MAbs) and late-MDV-IS that appears later in the pathogenesis and occurs even in chickens bearing MAbs. We have recently developed a model to reproduce late-MDV-IS under laboratory conditions. This model evaluates late-MDV-IS indirectly by assessing the effect of MDV infection on the efficacy of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines against challenge with ILT virus. In the present study, we have used this model to investigate the role of two factors (MDV pathotype and host sex) on the development of late-MDV-IS. Five MDV strains representing three different pathotypes: virulent (vMDV; 617A, GA), very virulent (vvMDV; Md5), and very virulent plus (vv+MDV; 648A, 686), were evaluated. Only vv+ strains were able to induce late-MDV-IS. An immunosuppression rank (IS-rank) was established based on the ability of MDV to reduce the efficacy of chicken embryo origin vaccine (values go from 0 to 100, with 100 being the highest immunosuppressive ability). The IS-rank of the evaluated MDV strains ranged from 5.97 (GA) to 20.8 (617A) in the vMDV strains, 5.97 to 16.24 in the vvMDV strain Md5, and 39.08 to 68.2 in the vv+ strains 648A and 686. In this study both male and female chickens were equally susceptible to MDV-IS by vv+MDV 686. Our findings suggest that late-MDV-IS is a unique feature of vv+ strains.

Matched MeSH terms: Marek Disease/immunology*; Marek Disease/prevention & control; Marek Disease/virology

Mechanisms of action of amyloid-beta and its precursor protein in neuronal cell death

Leong YQ, Ng KY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY

Metab Brain Dis, 2020 01;35(1):11-30.

PMID: 31811496 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00516-y

Extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are the neuropathological findings of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the main component of senile plaques, the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, and its derivative called amyloid precursor protein (APP) both have been found to place their central roles in AD development for years. However, the recent therapeutics have yet to reverse or halt this disease. Previous evidence demonstrates that the accumulation of Aβ peptides and APP can exert neurotoxicity and ultimately neuronal cell death. Hence, we discuss the mechanisms of excessive production of Aβ peptides and APP serving as pathophysiologic stimuli for the initiation of various cell signalling pathways including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis and autophagy which lead to neuronal cell death. Conversely, the activation of such pathways could also result in the abnormal generation of APP and Aβ peptides. An elucidation of actions of APP and its metabolite, Aβ, could be vital in suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/genetics; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism*; Alzheimer Disease/pathology

Fulltext Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Stable Angina Pectoris, Second Edition

Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of Stable Angina Pectoris, Second Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2018

Older version: First Edition (2010)
Keywords: CPG

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease

Displaying publications 841 - 860 of 5465 in total