Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 118 in total

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  1. Fulltext Associations of Eating Mode Defined by Dietary Patterns with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Malaysia Lipid Study Population
    Balasubramanian GV, Chuah KA, Khor BH, Sualeheen A, Yeak ZW, Chinna K, et al.
    Nutrients, 2020 Jul 14;12(7).
    PMID: 32674327 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072080
    Cardiometabolic risk is scarcely explored related to dietary patterns (DPs) in Asian populations. Dietary data (n = 562) from the cross-sectional Malaysia Lipid Study were used to derive DPs through principal component analysis. Associations of DPs were examined with metabolic syndrome (MetS), atherogenic, inflammation and insulinemic status. Four DPs with distinctive eating modes were Home meal (HM), Chinese traditional (CT), Plant foods (PF) and Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Within DP tertiles (T3 vs. T1), the significantly lowest risk was associated with CT for hsCRP (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.28, 0.70, p < 0.001) levels. However, SSB was associated with the significantly highest risks for BMI (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.28, 3.17, p = 0.003), waist circumference (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.14, 2.87, p = 0.013), small LDL-C particles (AOR= 1.69, 95% CI 1.02, 2.79, p = 0.043), HOMA2-IR (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.25, 5.57, p = 0.011), hsCRP (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.40, 3.50, p = 0.001), and MetS (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.49, 5.22, p = 0.001). Adherence behaviors to SSBs (T3) included consuming coffee/tea with condensed milk (29%) or plain with sugar (20.7%) and eating out (12 ± 8 times/week, p < 0.001). Overall, the SSB pattern with a highest frequency of eating out was detrimentally associated with cardiometabolic risks.
  2. Fulltext Ethnicity is an independent determinant of age-specific PSA level: findings from a multiethnic Asian setting
    Lim J, Bhoo-Pathy N, Sothilingam S, Malek R, Sundram M, Hisham Bahadzor B, et al.
    PLoS One, 2014;9(8):e104917.
    PMID: 25111507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104917
    OBJECTIVES: To study the baseline PSA profile and determine the factors influencing the PSA levels within a multiethnic Asian setting.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1054 men with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer, prostate surgery or 5α-reductase inhibitor treatment of known prostate conditions. The serum PSA concentration of each subject was assayed. Potential factors associated with PSA level including age, ethnicity, height, weight, family history of prostate cancer, lower urinary tract voiding symptoms (LUTS), prostate volume and digital rectal examination (DRE) were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analysis.
    RESULTS: There were 38 men (3.6%) found to have a PSA level above 4 ng/ml and 1016 (96.4%) with a healthy PSA (≤4 ng/ml). The median PSA level of Malay, Chinese and Indian men was 1.00 ng/ml, 1.16 ng/ml and 0.83 ng/ml, respectively. Indians had a relatively lower median PSA level and prostate volume than Malays and Chinese, who shared a comparable median PSA value across all 10-years age groups. The PSA density was fairly similar amongst all ethnicities. Further analysis showed that ethnicity, weight and prostate volume were independent factors associated with age specific PSA level in the multivariable analysis (p<0.05).
    CONCLUSION: These findings support the concept that the baseline PSA level varies between different ethnicities across all age groups. In addition to age and prostate volume, ethnicity may also need to be taken into account when investigating serum PSA concentrations in the multiethnic Asian population.
  3. Fenofibrate and dipyridamole treatments in low-doses either alone or in combination blunted the development of nephropathy in diabetic rats
    Balakumar P, Varatharajan R, Nyo YH, Renushia R, Raaginey D, Oh AN, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 2014 Dec;90:36-47.
    PMID: 25263930 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.08.008
    Low-doses of fenofibrate and dipyridamole have pleiotropic renoprotective actions in diabetic rats. This study investigated their combined effect relative to their individual treatments and lisinopril in rats with diabetic nephropathy. Streptozotocin (55mg/kg, i.p., once)-administered diabetic rats were allowed for 10 weeks to develop nephropathy. Diabetic rats after 10 weeks developed nephropathy with discernible renal structural and functional changes as assessed in terms of increase in kidney weight to body weight ratio (KW/BW), and elevations of serum creatinine, urea and uric acid, which accompanied with elevated serum triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoproteins. Hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff and Masson trichrome staining confirmed renal pathological changes in diabetic rats that included glomerular capsular wall distortion, mesangial cell expansion, glomerular microvascular condensation, tubular damage and degeneration and fibrosis. Low-dose fenofibrate (30mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks) and low-dose dipyridamole (20mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks) treatment either alone or in combination considerably reduced renal structural and functional abnormalities in diabetic rats, but without affecting the elevated glucose level. Fenofibrate, but not dipyridamole, significantly prevented the lipid alteration and importantly the uric acid elevation in diabetic rats. Lisinopril (5mg/kg, p.o., 4 weeks, reference compound), prevented the hyperglycemia, lipid alteration and development of diabetic nephropathy. Lipid alteration and uric acid elevation, besides hyperglycemia, could play key roles in the development of nephropathy. Low-doses of fenofibrate and dipyridamole treatment either alone or in combination markedly prevented the diabetes-induced nephropathy. Their combination was as effective as to their individual treatment, but not superior in preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy.
  4. Fulltext Forecasting daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Malaysia using ARIMA models
    Singh S, Murali Sundram B, Rajendran K, Boon Law K, Aris T, Ibrahim H, et al.
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2020 09 30;14(9):971-976.
    PMID: 33031083 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.13116
    INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus infection has become a global threat affecting almost every country in the world. As a result, it has become important to understand the disease trends in order to mitigate its effects. The aim of this study is firstly to develop a prediction model for daily confirmed COVID-19 cases based on several covariates, and secondly, to select the best prediction model based on a subset of these covariates.

    METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted using daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 collected from the official Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH) and John Hopkins University websites. An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was fitted to the training data of observed cases from 22 January to 31 March 2020, and subsequently validated using data on cases from 1 April to 17 April 2020. The ARIMA model satisfactorily forecasted the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases from 18 April 2020 to 1 May 2020 (the testing phase).

    RESULTS: The ARIMA (0,1,0) model produced the best fit to the observed data with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value of 16.01 and a Bayes Information Criteria (BIC) value of 4.170. The forecasted values showed a downward trend of COVID-19 cases until 1 May 2020. Observed cases during the forecast period were accurately predicted and were placed within the prediction intervals generated by the fitted model.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study finds that ARIMA models with optimally selected covariates are useful tools for monitoring and predicting trends of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia.

  5. Fulltext Corrigendum: Composition and Functionality of Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition: Examining Evidence in Clinical Applications
    Sadu Singh BK, Narayanan SS, Khor BH, Sahathevan S, Abdul Gafor AH, Fiaccadori E, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2021;12:663960.
    PMID: 33935786 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.663960
  6. Effects of pre and post-treatments with dipyridamole in gentamicin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in the rat
    Balakumar P, WitnessKoe WE, Gan YS, JemayPuah SM, Kuganesswari S, Prajapati SK, et al.
    Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2017 Mar;84:35-44.
    PMID: 27993652 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.12.007
    This study investigated the pretreatment and post-treatment effects of dipyridamole (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in gentamicin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were administered gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 8 days. Gentamicin-administered rats exhibited renal structural and functional changes as assessed in terms of a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea and kidney weight to body weight ratio as compared to normal rats. Renal histopathological studies revealed a marked incidence of acute tubular necrosis in gentamicin-administered rats. These renal structural and functional abnormalities in gentamicin-administered rats were accompanied with elevated serum uric acid level, and renal inflammation as assessed in terms of decrease in interleukin-10 levels. Dipyridamole pretreatment in gentamicin-administered rats afforded a noticeable renoprotection by markedly preventing renal structural and functional abnormalities, renal inflammation and serum uric acid elevation. On the other hand, dipyridamole post-treatment did not significantly prevent uric acid elevation and renal inflammation, and resulted in comparatively less protection on renal function although it markedly reduced the incidence of tubular necrosis. In conclusion, uric acid elevation and renal inflammation could play key roles in gentamicin-nephrotoxicity. Dipyridamole pretreatment markedly prevented gentamicin-induced acute nephrotoxicity, while its post-treatment resulted in comparatively less renal functional protection.
  7. Fulltext Transcriptome profiling of Stevia rebaudiana MS007 revealed genes involved in flower development
    Samsulrizal NH, Khadzran KS, Meenakshi Sundram TC, Zainuddin Z, Shaarani SHN, Azmi NSA, et al.
    Turk J Biol, 2021;45(3):314-322.
    PMID: 34377055 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2103-3
    Stevia rebaudiana is a medicinal plant recommended to diabetic or obese patients as an alternative sweetener owing to its low-calorie property. Previous studies have found that the stevioside level is highest at the time of flower bud formation and lowest at the time of preceding and following flower bud formation. Hence, this study aims to identify the genes involved in the flowering of local S. rebaudiana accession MS007 by investigating the transcriptomic data of two stages of growth, before flowering (BF) and after flowering (AF) that were deposited under accession number SRX6362785 and SRX6362784 at the NCBI SRA database. The transcriptomic study managed to annotate 108299 unigenes of S. rebaudiana with 8871 and 9832 genes that were differentially expressed in BF and AF samples, respectively. These genes involved in various metabolic pathways related to flower development, response to stimulus as well as photosynthesis. Pheophorbide A oxygenase ( PAO ), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E ( TIF3E1 ), and jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein 1 ( JAZ1 ) were found to be involved in the flower development. The outcome of this study will help further research in the manipulation of the flowering process, especially in the breeding programme to develop photo-insensitive Stevia plant.
  8. A Novel Calculator for Estimating Prostate Volume in Daily Urology Services
    Lim J, Rampal S, Razack AHA, Malek R, Sundram M, Nasuha NA, et al.
    Urology, 2018 Aug;118:145-151.
    PMID: 29746873 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.02.055
    OBJECTIVES: To develop a simple prostate volume (PV) calculator that can aid in managing patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic enlargement at daily urology services in developing Asian countries.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of men aged above 40 years with no history of prostate cancer, prostate surgery, or 5α-reductase inhibitor treatment. Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and total PV were measured in each subject. Potential sociodemographic and clinical variables including age, weight, comorbidities, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were collected. Of 1034 subjects, 837 were used in building the PV calculator using regression analysis. The remaining 1/5 (n = 197) was used for model validation.

    RESULTS: There were 1034 multiethnic Asian men (Chinese 52.9%, Malay 35.4%, and Indian 11.7%) with mean age of 60 ± 7.6 years. Average PV was 29.4 ± 13.0 mL while the overall mean of PSA was 1.7 ± 1.7 ng/mL. We identified age, IPSS, weight, and PSA (all P 

  9. Fulltext Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review
    Khor BH, Narayanan SS, Chinna K, Gafor AHA, Daud ZAM, Khosla P, et al.
    Nutrients, 2018 Sep 21;10(10).
    PMID: 30248953 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101353
    Blood fatty acids (FAs) are derived from endogenous and dietary routes. Metabolic abnormalities from kidney dysfunction, as well as cross-cultural dietary habits, may alter the FA profile of dialysis patients (DP), leading to detrimental clinical outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to (i) summarize FA status of DP from different countries, (ii) compare blood FA composition between healthy controls and DP, and (iii) evaluate FA profile and clinical endpoints in DP. Fifty-three articles from 1980 onwards, reporting FA profile in hemodialysis and peritoneal DP, were identified from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Studies on pediatric, predialysis chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and transplant patients were excluded. Moderate to high levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were reported in Japan, Korea, Denmark, and Sweden. Compared to healthy adults, DP had lower proportions of n-3 and n-6 PUFA, but higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids. Two studies reported inverse associations between n-3 PUFAs and risks of sudden cardiac death, while one reported eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid)/arachidonic acid ratio was inversely associated with cardiovascular events. The relationship between all-cause mortality and blood FA composition in DP remained inconclusive. The current evidence highlights a critical role for essential FA in nutritional management of DP.
  10. Fulltext Composition and Functionality of Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition: Examining Evidence in Clinical Applications
    Sadu Singh BK, Narayanan SS, Khor BH, Sahathevan S, Abdul Gafor AH, Fiaccadori E, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2020;11:506.
    PMID: 32410990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00506
    Lipid emulsions (LEs), an integral component in parenteral nutrition (PN) feeding, have shifted from the primary aim of delivering non-protein calories and essential fatty acids to defined therapeutic outcomes such as reducing inflammation, and improving metabolic and clinical outcomes. Use of LEs in PN for surgical and critically ill patients is particularly well established, and there is enough literature assigning therapeutic and adverse effects to specific LEs. This narrative review contrarily puts into perspective the fatty acid compositional (FAC) nature of LE formulations, and discusses clinical applications and outcomes according to the biological function and structural functionality of fatty acids and co-factors such as phytosterols, α-tocopherol, emulsifiers and vitamin K. In addition to soybean oil-based LEs, this review covers clinical studies using the alternate LEs that incorporates physical mixtures combining medium- and long-chain triglycerides or structured triglycerides or the unusual olive oil or fish oil. The Jaded score was applied to assess the quality of these studies, and we report outcomes categorized as per immuno-inflammatory, nutritional, clinical, and cellular level FAC changes. It appears that the FAC nature of LEs is the primary determinant of desired clinical outcomes, and we conclude that one type of LE alone cannot be uniformly applied to patient care.
  11. An in vitro study of the antifungal activity of Trichoderma virens 7b and a profile of its non-polar antifungal components released against Ganoderma boninense
    Angel LP, Yusof MT, Ismail IS, Ping BT, Mohamed Azni IN, Kamarudin NH, et al.
    J Microbiol, 2016 Nov;54(11):732-744.
    PMID: 27796927
    Ganoderma boninense is the causal agent of a devastating disease affecting oil palm in Southeast Asian countries. Basal stem rot (BSR) disease slowly rots the base of palms, which radically reduces productive lifespan of this lucrative crop. Previous reports have indicated the successful use of Trichoderma as biological control agent (BCA) against G. boninense and isolate T. virens 7b was selected based on its initial screening. This study attempts to decipher the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of G. boninense by identifying and characterizing the chemical compounds as well as the physical mechanisms by T. virens 7b. Hexane extract of the isolate gave 62.60% ± 6.41 inhibition against G. boninense and observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM) detected severe mycelial deformation of the pathogen at the region of inhibition. Similar mycelia deformation of G. boninense was observed with a fungicide treatment, Benlate(®) indicating comparable fungicidal effect by T. virens 7b. Fraction 4 and 5 of hexane active fractions through preparative thin layer chromatography (P-TLC) was identified giving the best inhibition of the pathogen. These fractions comprised of ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, lactones, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, sulphides, and free fatty acids profiled through gas chromatography mass spectrometry detector (GC/MSD). A novel antifungal compound discovery of phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) by T. virens 7b is reported through this study. T. virens 7b also proved to be an active siderophore producer through chrome azurol S (CAS) agar assay. The study demonstrated the possible mechanisms involved and responsible in the successful inhibition of G. boninense.
  12. Fulltext Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan-Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide Composite Film for Transdermal Delivery of Protein/Peptide
    Malviya R, Tyagi A, Fuloria S, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam K, Sundram S, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 May 10;13(9).
    PMID: 34068768 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091531
    Transdermal drug delivery is used to deliver a drug by eliminating the first-pass metabolism, which increases the bioavailability of the drug. The present study aims to formulate the chitosan-tamarind seed polysaccharide composite films and evaluate for the delivery of protein/peptide molecules. Nine formulations were prepared and evaluated by using different parameters, such as physical appearance, folding endurance, thickness of film, surface pH, weight variation, drug content, surface morphology, percentage moisture intake and uptake, drug release kinetics, and drug permeability. The film weight variance was observed between 0.34 ± 0.002 to 0.47 ± 0.003 g. The drug level of the prepared films was found to be between 96 ± 1.21 and 98 ± 1.33μg. Their intake of moisture ranged between 2.83 ± 0.002 and 3.76 ± 0.001 (%). The moisture absorption of the films ranged from 5.33 ± 0.22 to 10.02 ± 0.61 (%). SEM images revealed a smooth film surface, while minor cracks were found in the film after permeation tests. During the first 4 days, drug release was between 13.75 ± 1.64% and 22.54 ± 1.34% and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 72.67 ± 2.13% and 78.33 ± 3.13%. Drug permeation during the first 4 days was 15.78 ± 1.23 %. Drug permeation (%) during the first 4 days was between 15.78 ± 1.23 and 22.49 ± 1.29 and from day 5 to day 6, it was between 71.49 ± 3.21 and 77.93 ± 3.20.
  13. Fulltext Utilization Review of Anti-peptic Ulcer Drugs at an Outpatient Pharmacy Setting of a Private Hospital in Malaysia
    Puvithra Ravi Sundram, Tan, Ching Siang, Shashidharan Menon, H. Jaasminerjiit Kaur, Abdullah Khan, Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, et al.
    Malaysian Journal of Pharmacy, 2021;7(1):34-42.
    MyJurnal
    Anti-peptic ulcer drugs (APUDs) such as proton pump inhibitors (PPI), H2 receptor antagonists (H2A), antacids are widely prescribed. This study is aimed to describe the utilisation pattern of APUDs based on WHO Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and identify most commonly used APUD in the selected hospital. A retrospective study was carried out in outpatient of the selected hospital for year 2017. Sample size was calculated using Raosoft. DDD of APUDs and direct drug cost were calculated. Data were collected through electronic medical record by retrieving patients’ registration number. Inclusion criteria were patients above 18 years old and APUDs prescribed for gastrointestinal related indications. A total of 160 prescriptions were randomly selected for data analysis. Based on the DDD calculated, Rabeprazole 20mg was most prescribed drug among PPI (n=33), while Maalox is most prescribed drug among the antacids (n=23). Based on the DDD calculated, Pantoprazole 20mg recorded highest rates per user per day about 1.26 DDD / user / day while antacids, Actal reported highest usage rate with 7.11 DDD / user / day. Besides, there are 5.4 days supplied per user for this drug. Dexlansoprazole 60mg is the most expensive drug among all the PPI listed in hospital formulary. It has 18.5 days supplied/user, which is the second shortest duration of treatment among all the other PPIs. In contrast, omeprazole 20mg is the lowest cost PPI but the duration supplied per user is longer resulting in higher total cost of therapy. In conclusion, PPIs were the most commonly prescribed.
  14. Evidences of hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruits in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity
    Vakiloddin S, Fuloria N, Fuloria S, Dhanaraj SA, Balaji K, Karupiah S
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2015 May;28(3):951-7.
    PMID: 26004728
    The objective of present study was to explore the hepatoprotective and antioxidant profile of Citrullus colocynthis fruits. Hepatoprotective profile of methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruits (MECCF) was investigated on rats, which were made hepatotoxic using paracetamol. The antioxidant profile of MECCF was evaluated by conducting Catalase, Super oxide Dismutase, Lipid Peroxidation and Diphenyl Picryl Hydrazyl tests. During hepatoprotective investigation, the Paracetamol treated group II showed significant increase in total bilirubin (TB), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level. The results so obtained showed that pretreatment of rats with MECCF 300mg/kg p.o. decreases the elevated TB, SGOT, SGPT and ALP serum levels. Also, MECCF inhibitory profile was found comparable with toxicant group (Paracetamol 2g/kg, p.o.). The present study concludes that MECCF fruit possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity.
  15. Heterogenous expression of ERG oncoprotein in Malaysian men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate
    Tan JSJ, Ong KC, Ong DBL, Razack A, Lim J, Yunus R, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Aug;40(2):103-110.
    PMID: 30173226 MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease and the mechanisms that drive it to behave differently are not well understood. Tumour expression of the ERG oncogene occurs in the majority of patients with prostate cancer in Western studies. This is considered to be oncogenic as ERG acts as a transcription factor to regulate genes involved in tumour proliferation and invasion. In this study we investigated expression of ERG in Malaysian men with prostate cancer.

    METHODS: Tissues were collected from 80 patients with clinically detected prostate cancer and treated with radical prostatectomy. Cases were tested for ERG by immunohistochemistry using the mouse monoclonal antibody EP111. All blocks on 48 cases were tested in order to determine the extent of heterogeneity of ERG expression within individual cases. ERG expression was analysed in relation to patient age, ethnicity and tumour stage and grade.

    RESULTS: Forty-six percent of cases were ERG positive. There was no significant association between ERG and tumour grade or stage. Sixty-nine percent of Indian patients had ERG positive tumours; this was significantly higher (p=0.031) than for Chinese (40%) and Malay (44%) patients. Heterogeneity of ERG expression, in which both positive and negative clones were present, was seen in 35% of evaluated cases. Evaluation by tumour foci showed younger patients had more ERG positive tumour foci than older patients (p=0.01). Indian patients were more likely to have the majority of tumour foci with ERG staining positively, compared to either Chinese or Malay patients (P <0.01).

    CONCLUSION: In this study, tumour expression of ERG was more likely to occur in patients of Indian ethnicity.

  16. Fulltext Anti-EGFR anchored paclitaxel loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. In-vitro and in-vivo anticancer activities
    Venugopal V, Krishnan S, Palanimuthu VR, Sankarankutty S, Kalaimani JK, Karupiah S, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(11):e0206109.
    PMID: 30408068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206109
    The aim of the present study is to analyze the viability of anti-EGFR anchored immunonanoparticle (INP) bearing Paclitaxel (PTX) to specifically bind the EGFR protein on the TNBC cells. The NP was prepared by nanoprecipitation and characterized the particle size, charge, entrapment of drug and release of it. The anti-EGFR anchored and the integrity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Cytotoxicity and NPs cellular uptake was analyzed with MDA-MB-468 type cancer cells and the EGFR expression was confirmed by PCR, qualitatively and quantitatively. The in-vivo antitumor activity of INP was determined by using athymic mice model and targeting efficiency was measured by calculating the PTX accumulation in the tumor plasma. The prepared INP with the size of 336.3 nm and the charge of -3.48 mV showed sustained drug release upto 48 h. The INP showed significant reduction of cancer cell viability of 10.6% for 48 h with 93 fold higher PTX accumulation in the tumor plasma compared with NPs. Based on these reports, we recommend that anti-EGFR anchored PTX loaded NP may have the ability to target the TNBC cells and improve the therapeutic action and subsidize the side effects of PTX for the treatment of TNBC.
  17. Fulltext Clinical investigation of the protective effects of palm vitamin E tocotrienols on brain white matter
    Gopalan Y, Shuaib IL, Magosso E, Ansari MA, Abu Bakar MR, Wong JW, et al.
    Stroke, 2014 May;45(5):1422-8.
    PMID: 24699052 DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.004449
    Previous cell-based and animal studies showed mixed tocotrienols are neuroprotective, but the effect is yet to be proven in humans. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective activity of mixed tocotrienols in humans with white matter lesions (WMLs). WMLs are regarded as manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease, reflecting varying degrees of neurodegeneration and tissue damage with potential as a surrogate end point in clinical trials.
  18. Fulltext Oil palm vegetation liquor: a new source of phenolic bioactives
    Sambanthamurthi R, Tan Y, Sundram K, Abeywardena M, Sambandan TG, Rha C, et al.
    Br J Nutr, 2011 Dec;106(11):1655-63.
    PMID: 21736792 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511002121
    Waste from agricultural products represents a disposal liability, which needs to be addressed. Palm oil is the most widely traded edible oil globally, and its production generates 85 million tons of aqueous by-products annually. This aqueous stream is rich in phenolic antioxidants, which were investigated for their composition and potential in vitro biological activity. We have identified three isomers of caffeoylshikimic acid as major components of oil palm phenolics (OPP). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay confirmed potent free radical scavenging activity. To test for possible cardioprotective effects of OPP, we carried out in vitro LDL oxidation studies as well as ex vivo aortic ring and mesenteric vascular bed relaxation measurements. We found that OPP inhibited the Cu-mediated oxidation of human LDL. OPP also promoted vascular relaxation in both isolated aortic rings and perfused mesenteric vascular beds pre-contracted with noradrenaline. To rule out developmental toxicity, we performed teratological studies on rats up to the third generation and did not find any congenital anomalies. Thus, these initial studies suggest that OPP is safe and may have a protective role against free radical damage, LDL oxidation and its attendant negative effects, as well as vascular constriction in mitigating atherosclerosis. Oil palm vegetation liquor thus represents a new source of phenolic bioactives.
  19. Fulltext Positive outcomes of oil palm phenolics on degenerative diseases in animal models
    Sambanthamurthi R, Tan Y, Sundram K, Hayes KC, Abeywardena M, Leow SS, et al.
    Br J Nutr, 2011 Dec;106(11):1664-75.
    PMID: 21736778 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114511002133
    It is well established that plant phenolics elicit various biological activities, with positive effects on health. Palm oil production results in large volumes of aqueous by-products containing phenolics. In the present study, we describe the effects of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on several degenerative conditions using various animal models. OPP reduced blood pressure in a NO-deficient rat model, protected against ischaemia-induced cardiac arrhythmia in rats and reduced plaque formation in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet. In Nile rats, a spontaneous model of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, OPP protected against multiple aspects of the syndrome and diabetes progression. In tumour-inoculated mice, OPP protected against cancer progression. Microarray studies on the tumours showed differential transcriptome profiles that suggest anti-tumour molecular mechanisms involved in OPP action. Thus, initial studies suggest that OPP may have potential against several chronic disease outcomes in mammals.
  20. Fulltext Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Ethnicity Are Independent Factors Associated with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
    Lim J, Bhoo-Pathy N, Sothilingam S, Malek R, Sundram M, Tan GH, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(6):e0130820.
    PMID: 26098884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130820
    To determine the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) profile and factors affecting its degree of severity including cardiovascular risk profile, age, ethnicity, education level and prostate volume in a multiethnic Asian setting.
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